Information Resource Centre Akkaraipattu

‘epWtdj; jpwd; tpUj;jp’ vd;why; vd;d?...

XU epWtdj;jpd; jpwd;tpUj;jp vd;gJ mjDila Kfhikj;Jt jpwd;fspYk; Vida eltbf;iffis nra;Ak; jpwd;fspYk; mtw;iw toplj;Jk; jpwd;fspYk; jq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ.

Kfhikj;Jt jpwd;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ epWtdj;ij xl;Lnkhj;jkhf toplj;Jk; jpwDld; jpl;lkpLjy; jpl;lq;fis mKyhf;fk; nra;jy;;; >fz;fhzpj;jy; kjpg;gPLnra;jy; jtWfis jpUj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy; gpiofs; tUfpd;w NghJ fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; newpg;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;w gy;NtW nraw;ghLfis

cs;slf;fpajhf ,Uf;Fk; ,j;jifa rpwe;j Kfhikj;Jtk; Clhf epWtdj;jpy; chpa Ntiyfs; chpa Neuj;jpy; Kbf;fg;gLk;. nraw;gLfpd;w jpl;lq;fSf;F eilKiwfSf;F Vw;gLfpd;w nrytPdq;fs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk; gzk; kPjg;gLj;jg;gLk; Neuk; kPjg;gLj;jg;gLk;. tsq;fs; kPjg;gLj;jg;gLk; xU rpwe;j Kfhikj;Jtnraw;ghLs;s epWtdj;jpd; ntspaPLfs; my;yJ mtw;wpd; nraw;ghLfs; juhPjpahfTk; vzz;zpf;if uPjpahfTk; mjp cr;r epiyapy; fhzg;gLk;. jk;khy; mjp cr;r Nritia kf;fSf;F vt;thW toq;fyhk; vd;W jpdKk; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; rpe;jpj;Jf;nfhz;bUg;ghh;fs; mjp cr;r Nritia toq;Ffpd;wNghJ ts tpuaqfs; jtpf;fg;glNtz;baJk; ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;glNtz;ba xd;whFk;. epWtdj;jpy; cs;s jpwd;fs; tpUj;jpahFk; NghJ tsq;fs; kPjg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w epyikAk; Njhd;Wk;.

RUf;fkhfTk; tpiuthfTk; fhhpaq;fis nra;af;$bathW eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; cjhuzk; jpwd;tpUj;jpAs;s xU epWtdj;jpd; %y nraw;ghLfs; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf fhzg;gLk;. cjhuzk; vy;NyhUk; nraw;gLtJNghy mth;fs; fhfpj;ijAk; NgdhitAk; ghtpf;fhJ fzdpia ghtpj;J Ntiyia nra;thh;fs;.

fzdp ghtpj;jy; vd;gJ xU nfsutj;jpw;Fhpa nrayhf md;wp ,e;j Ntiyia ,yFthfTk; Nfhitfis ,yFthd Kiwapy; NgZtjw;Fk; Ma;Tfs;; gFg;gha;Tfs; Nghd;wtw;iw ,yFthf fzdp %yk; nra;tjd;%yk; Neuj;ij kpr;rg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; tpiuthf jfty;fis mDg;Gtjw;Fk; fzdp gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f nraw;ghl;Lf;F toptFf;Fk; ,j;jifa nraw;ghLfis nra;fpd;w xU epWtdk; MtJ jpwd; tpUj;jp cs;s epWtdkhf nfhs;sg;gLtjw;F ,J xU cjhuzkhFk;.

,Nj Nghy Copah;fs; my;yJ gzpahsh;fs; epWtdj;jpd; xl;Lnkhj;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf vd;d vd;d nraw;ghLfis vt;tg;NghJ vt;thW nra;ayhk; vd;w mwpit nfhz;bUdg;ghh;fs;. ,th;fspd; nraw;ghLfs; Clhf epWtdj;jpDila jpwd; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ ,t;thW gzpahsh;fNspd; mwpT nraw;ghLfs; tsq;fis gad;gLj;Jfpd;w ghq;F ,Uf;Fk; tsq;fs; cr;r epiyf;F gad;gLj;Jfpd;w epiy mjp cr;r epiy toq;Ffpd;w epiy Nghd;wit epWtdj;jpDila tpidj;jpwid mjpfhpf;Fk;. ,t;thwhd gy;NtW topfspNy tpidj;jpwid mjpfhpg;gjw;fhd epiy xd;Wjhd; epWtdj;jpd; jpwd; tpUj;jpahFk; ,jw;F vd mwpT epjp kw;Wk; Njitahd cgfuzq;fs; thfdq;fs; fUtpfs; kw;Wk; toq;fs; Njitg;glyhk;. ,it midj;ijAk; chpaKiwapy; gad;gLj;jpa epWtdk; jd;Dila Nehf;fj;jpw;Nfw;g kf;fSf;F mjp cr;r Nritia toq;Ftjw;F jpwd; tpUj;jp cs;sjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

jpwd; tpUj;jpapd; Kf;fpa $Wfs;

mtw;Wld; r%f Nrit epWtdk; xd;W njhlh;ghd fPo;tUk; Gjpa fUj;Jf;fs; $l mikg;Gfspd; jpwid eph;zapf;Fk; fhuzpfshFk;.

epWtdKk;> epWtdj;jpYs;s gzpahsh;fSk; jj;jkJ jdpg;gl;l ,yhgj;jpidAk; Raeyj;ijAk; tpLj;J r%fj;jpd; eydpw;;fhfTk; kf;fspd; Nritf;fhfTk; jkJ nraw;ghLfis nghJ Nehf;fpy; nraw;gLtJk; kdpj Neaj;ij Kd;dpWj;jp nraw;gLtJkhd xU epiyahFk;

mjhtJ xU epWtdkhdJ jd;dykw;w Kiwapy; vt;tsT Kd;NdWfpwNjh mj;jifa epWtdk; tY kpf;f epWtdkhf khWk;. cs;sf hPjpahd Nghl;b nghwhikfs;> Raeyk;> tpl;Lf; nfhLg;gpd;ik> nghWg;Gf;fs; ifaspg;gpd;ik Nghd;wd fhzg;gLk; epWtdq;fspy; jpwdhf;fk;> kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp vd;gJ rhj;jpakw;w xd;whFk;.
2. r%f tpOkpaq;fs;.

epWtdj;jpd; tpOkpakhdJ> epWtd njhiyNehf;fpw;Fk; r%fk; rhh;e;jjhfTk; mika Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; ,it r%f tpOkpaj;jpw;F rhh;ghdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. epWtd tpOkpaq;fs; cah;e;j Nehf;Filajhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk; epWtdj;jpd; tpOkpaq;fs; epWtdj;jpYs;s midj;J cWg;gpdh;fshYk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sg;gl;litahfTk; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLtdthfTk; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

epWtdj;jpd; tpOkpaq;fs; ve;jsT cah;e;jjhf ,Uf;fpd;wNjh me;jsT epWtdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfSk; cah;e;jjhff; fhzg;gLk;. tpOkpaq;fs; gzpahsh;fspw;Fk;> epWtd mq;fj;jth;fspw;Fk; ed;ik gag;gdthfTk;> mth;fis ey;topapy; ,l;Lr; nry;;tdthfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

tpOkpaq;fs; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sg;gLk;NghNj r%fj;jpyhd cz;ikahd mf;fiwAk; Mh;tKk; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

epWtdj;jpw;F Njitahd cgfuz trjpfs; fUtpfs; fhfpjhjpfs; kw;Wk; Vida trjpfs; ,q;F ,Ug;gJld; mit cr;rg;gad; fUjpg; gad;gLj;jg;gLkhdhy; ,q;F gzpahw;Wk; gzpahsh;fSila jpwDk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. epWtdk; xd;W ,aq;Ftjw;fhd Mff; Fiwe;j Njitfs; kw;Wk; gzpahsh;fspw;fhd mbg;gilj; Njitfis epWtdk; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

epWtdj;jpw;Fs;NsAk;> ntspNaAk; njhlh;ghly; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. njhlh;ghlyhdJ epWtdj;jpw;Fs;Ns eilngWk; NghJ gzpahsh;fs;> caujpfhhpfs;> NtW epWtdg; gpujpepjpfs;> epjp epWtdg; gpujpepjpfs; vdg; gy;NtW gl;l kl;lq;fSld; eilngWk;.

mNj Nghy;> epWtd mq;fj;jth;fSld;> nghJ kf;fSld; njhlh;ghLk;NghJ NtW Kiwapy; eilngWfpd;wJ.

vJ vt;thnwdpDk; njhlh;ghly; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;NghJ nghUj;jkhd KiwapYk; kw;wth;fspdhy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sf;$bajhfTk;> vspikahdjhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. epWtdg; gzpahsh; ,d;DnkhUtUld; njhlh;ghliy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ epWtd ed;kjpg;ig cah;j;Jk; tifapy; Nkw;nfhs; Ntz;Lk;.

epWtdj;jpYs;s njhlh;ghly; rhjdq;fshd njhiyNgrp> njhiyefy;> kpd;dQ;ry;> ,izaj;jsk;; Nghd;wtw;iw Njitf;Nfw;gTk; nghUj;jkhd KiwapYk;> rpf;fdj;JlDk; gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
5 jd;dk;gpf;if

jdp kdpjdpd; jd;dk;gpf;ifjhd; r%fj;jpd; jd;dk;gpf;ifahf kpspUk; jd;dk;gpf;ifiaf; fl;bnaOg;gf;$ba nraw;ghLfisr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ rhjfkhd vz;zq;fs;> tpUg;Gj;jd;ik> Rakhf nraw;gLk; jd;ik> cw;rhfk;> kw;wth;fspy; jq;fpapUf;fh> epiy jdJ cupikf;fhf NghuhLk; epiyf;F Kd; tUjy;>

rhjpf;ff;$ba vz;zq;fisg;gw;wp cah;thf vz;Zjy;> Nghd;w tplaq;fs; epWtdj;jpd; tYitf; fl;bnaOg;gf; $badthf cs;sd.
6 Rw;Wg;Gwr; #oy;.

vk;ikr; Rw;wpapUf;fpd;w #oypy; fhzg;gLk; ghJfhg;G epiyik> murpay; epiyik> kw;Wk; rh;tNjr epiyfs; vd;gd ekJ epiyikiag; ghjfkhfNth my;yJ rhjfkhfNth khw;Wk;;.

,jw;Nfw;g ehk; vkJ nraw;ghLfis tFj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fy;tpkhd;fs;> th;j;jfh;fs;> murpay; thjpfs;> Nghd;Nwhh; epWtdj;jpw;F xj;Jiog;G toq;fhJ tpbDk;> ghjfkhd nraw;ghLfis nfhz;L nraw;gbd; epWtdj;jpd; nraw;ghLfs; ghjpg;gilAk;. epWtdkhdJ jdf;nfdj; jdpahd xU ghzpia tFj;Jf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;. SWOT gFg;gha;tpid Nkw;nfhs;tjd; %yk; epWtdkhdJ jdJ gyk;> gyaPdk; vit vd;gij ,dq;fhz;gJld; epWtdj;jpw;F mr;RWj;jy; vdf; fUJk; tplaq;fspw;F tha;g;Gfisf; nfhz;L jPh;T fhz;gjw;F Kida Ntz;Lk;.

epWtdg; Gwr;#oypd; jhf;fk; epWtdj;jpw;F ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jhjthW epWtd KfhikahdJ jkJ nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. mzpjpul;ly; cghaj;jpid ifahs;tjd; %yk; Rw;Wr; #oypy; vkf;F rhjfkhf khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbAk;

7. jfty;

xU epWtdj;jpw;F jfty;fs; vd;gJ Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. epWtdj;jpy; nraw;ghLfspw;F Njitahd midj;Jj; jfty;fSk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. epWtdk; xd;wpy; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; jfty;fspd; jd;ik> mit Ngzg;gLk; Kiw vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapNyNa me;epWtdr; nraw;ghLfSk; mikfpd;wd.

mj;Jld; jfty;fs; epWtdr; nraw;ghLfis ,yFgLj;JtJld;. epWtd ed;kjpg;gpidAk; cah;j;Jfpd;wJ. epjp epWtdq;fspilNa ed;kjpg;G cah;tjdhy; jpl;lq;fis mKyhf;Ftjw;F ,yFthf mikfpd;wJ. ,jd;%yk; epWtdj; jpwdhf;fk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.

jfty;fs; fPo;kl;lj;jpypUe;J caujpfhhpfs; tiu ghpkhwg;gLk; xd;whfTk;> mtrpakhd xd;whfTk; ,Ug;gjhy; jpwdhfj; jfty;fs; ghpkhwg;gLtJld;> guhkhpf;fg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;.

epWtd tYthf;fj;jpy; kf;fspw;F my;yJ mq;fj;jth;fspw;Fj; Njitahd r%f mzp jpul;ly;> tpopg;Gzh;T toq;fg;gl;bUg;gJld;> epWtd gzpahsh;fspw;F Njitahd Kfhikj;Jt r%f mzpjpul;ly; cghaq;fs;> fzf;F itg;G Nghd;wd ve;jstpw;F ,Uf;fpd;wNjh me;jstpw;F epWtdkhdJ tYthdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

epWtd mq;fj;jth;fs; epWtdj;jplk; VNjh Xh; vjph;ghh;g;GlNdNa ,Ug;gh; me;epiyapid epWtdk; mzpjpul;ly; nrad;KiwapDhlhf khw;wy; Ntz;Lk;. kf;fs; epWtdj;jplk; VNjh xd;W fpilf;Fk; vd vjph;ghh;g;ghh;fshdhy; mth;fspd; vjph;ghh;g;G G+h;j;jpailahjNghJ epWtdj;Jldhd xj;Jiog;G ,y;yhJ Nghfpd;wJ. ,e;epiyapid khw;Wtjw;F rhpahd Kiwapy; mzpjpul;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

epWtdk; vg;NghJk; jq;Fjpwd; nfhz;l jpl;lq;fis mKyhf;fy; Ntz;Lk;. epjp toq;FNthh; my;yJ Gjpa jpl;lq;fis toq;FNthupd; Nehf;fk; NjitfSf;Nfw;g> epWtdkhdJ jdJ NritfisAk; nfhs;iffisAk; khw;wpf;nfhs;SNkahdhy; me;epWtdkhdJ fhyg; Nghf;fpy; gytPdkile;J tpLk;. khwhf epWtdk; epjp toq;FNthiuAk; Gjpa jpl;lq;fs; toq;FNthiuAk; jk;Kila Nehf;fj;jpw;F Vw;g khw;wpf; nfhs;s KbANkahdhy; my;yJ khWtjw;F mOj;jk; nfhLf;FNkahdhy; me;epWtdk;; jpwikahf ,aq;Fk;.

xU epWtdj;jpd; jiyikj;Jtk; ve;jstpw;F tYTs;sjhf ,Uf;fpd;wNjh me;jstpw;F mr;r%fKk; tYTs;sjhf ,Uf;Fk;. jd;dykw;w xU rpwe;j jiyikj;JtkhdJ me; epWtdj;ij rupahd ghijapy; ,l;Lr; nry;yf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. gq;Fgw;WjYldhd> kw;wth;fSld; fye;J MNyhrpj;J vy;NyhUila fUj;JfSf;Fk; kjpg;gspj;J vy;NyhUila jpwikfspw;Fk; tha;g;spf;Fk; jiyikj;JtkhdJ epWtdj;ij rpwe;j epiyf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;. ,j;jifa jiyikj;Jtj;jpidf; nfhz;lth;fs; rpwe;j jpwikfisf; nfhz;ltuhfTk;> r%fj;jpy; gzpahw;w tpUg;Gf; nfhz;ltuhfTk;> jPh;f;f jhprdk; nfhz;ltuhTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

10. tiyaikg;G

cq;fSf;F vd;d njupAk; vd;gjy;y cq;fSf;F ahiuj; njupAk;> mth;fis vt;thW r%fj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;JfpwPh;fs;>

cq;fSf;F njhpe;jth; Clhf vd;d gaidr; r%fj;jpw;Fg; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwPh;fs; vd;gJNt gpujhdk;. r%fj;jpw;F Ntz;ba fy;tpkhd;;;fs;. Gj;jp[Ptpfs;> jdp egh;fs;> murhq;f mjpfhupfs;> tsjhupfs; MfpNahiu ehk; tiyaikg;gpy; ,izj;Jg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; r%fkhdJ rpwe;j gaidg; ngw;W kpfTk; tYTs;s xd;whf khWk;. ,jDhlhf epWtdj;jpd; ed;kjpg;Gk; caUk;.

epWtdj;jpYs;s gzpahsh;fs; xt;nthUtUk;; xUq;fpize;J jkJ mikg;gpy; jkJ flikfs; nghWg;Gf;ffs; vd;gtw;;iw njspthf czh;e;J nra;thh;fshdhy;> mikg;gpd; njhiyNehf;fpid tpiuthf milaKbtNjhL> r%f khw;wj;jpw;Fk; topaikf;Fk;.

mikg;gpd; fl;likg;gpidg; gzpahsh; xt;nthUtUk; mwpe;jth;fshf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> eilKiwj; jPh;khdk; vL;f;Fk; gbKiwfs;> tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f nraw;ghLfs;> nghWg;Gf;fis gfph;e;jspj;jy; vd;gd ,yFthf mikAk;.
12. tYTs;s murpay; mjpfhuk;.

xU tYTs;s epWtdf; fl;likg;ghdJ r%fj;jpd; fl;Lf; Nfhg;Gf;F mika murpay; mjpfhuj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. mjhtJ ghuSkd;w cWg;gpdiuNah my;yJ cs;Sul;;rp kd;w cWg;gpdiuNah jkJ Njitfspw;Fk;> rpwe;j Nritfis kf;fspw;F ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhd JzptpidAk;; murpay;thjpfspw;F mOj;jk; nfhLf;ff; $ba gyj;jpidAk nfhz;ljhf jk;iik tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

epWtdj;jpYs;s xt;nthU gzpahsUk; jdpj;jpwikfisf; nfhz;lth;fshf fhzg;gly; epWtdj;jpd; jpwdpid mjpfhpf;Fk;. jdpg;gl;l xt;nthUtUk; vj;jifa jpwd;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fNsh me;jsTf;F epWtdkhdJ gy;NtW jpwd;fis nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;. mJ mth;fSila njhopEl;gj; jpwd;fs;> Kfhikj;Jt jpwd;fs;> mikg;G hPjpahd jpwd;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw me;epWtdk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,j;jpwd;fisnay;yhk; xd;W jpul;b mikg;ghff; fhzg;gLk; NghJ mJ kpfTk; jpwd; kpf;f epWtdkhfj; jpfOk;;

epWtdj;jpYs;sth;fs; jq;fspw;fpilNa ek;gpf;ifAilath;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; epWtd mq;fj;jth;fSk; epWtd

nraw;ghLfs; kPJ ek;gpf;ifAilath;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

r%fj;jpy; cs;Nshh; xt;nthUtUk; ve;jstpw;F ek;gpf;if cilatuhf ,Uf;fpwhh;fNsh me;jstpw;F mr; r%fk; fl;Lf;Nfhg;Gilajhf ,Uf;Fk; r%fj;jpd; jiyth;fs;> kf;fs; vd;Nghh; xUth; kPJ xUth; ek;;gpf;if itj;J nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Neh;ikahdjhf> rpwe;jjhf> njspthdjhf> ngWkjp kpf;fjhf> ek;gpf;if epWtdj;jpd; kPJ r%fj;jpw;F ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. xw;Wikapd;ik ek;gpf;ifapd;ik nfhz;l xU epWtdkhdJ gyk; ,oe;J fhzg;gLk;.

epWtd;jpd; kPJ kf;fSk;> kf;fspd; kPJ epWtdg; gzpahsh;fSk; ek;gpf;if itj;J KO kdJld; Nrit Nehf;fpy; njhopw;gLthh;fNsahdhy; me;epWtdk; jkJ NGhl;b epWtdq;fspypUe;Jk; gyd; kpf;f epWtdkhfj; jpfOk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;;iy.

epWtdkhdJ epWtdr; nraw;ghLfspw;Fj; Njitahd nrhj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gJld; nrhj;Jf;fs; rpf;fdkhfTk; cr;r ghtid fUjpAk; gad;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; epWtdr; nrhj;Jf;fs; midj;Jk; chpa Kiwapy; guhkhpf;fg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;.

nrhj;Jf;fis ,aw;if tsk;> fbd ciog;G> fdpatsk;> thfdk;> epjp> epyk;> cgfuzk;> mwpT> jpwd;> vdg; ghFgLj;jyhk; ,it midj;Jk; r%fj;jpd; nrhj;Jf;fshFk; ,ijf; nfhz;Ls;s xU epWtdk; kpFe;j jpwDs;s epWtdkhf khWk;.

Nkw;$wpa jpwikfs; nghWg;Gf;fs; vd;gd xU epWtdj;jpy; fhzg;gLkhapd; me; epWtdk; tYthdjhf fhzg;gLk;

nghJthf epWtdq;fspilNa tha;g;GfSk; tsq;fSk; epiwaNt ,Uf;fpd;wd gpujhdkhf vy;yh epWtdq;fspYk; rpwg;ghf kdpj tsk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j kdpj tsj;jpNy xt;nthUtUf;Fk;; gpd;dhy; ,Uf;fpd;w jpwikfis ,dq;fz;L jl;bf; nfhLj;J nkU$l;b Kd;Df;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjpNy ehk; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;. nghJthfNt tsq;fs; vd;Dk; NghJ vy;NyhUNk epjpiaj;jhd; fUj;jpy; nfhs;thh;fs;. epjpia tpLj;;J gzj;jhYk; nra;a Kbahj Ntiyia kdpjd; nra;ayhk;. rpy Ntis gzk; ,Uf;fpd;w NghJ jpwikahd kdpjidj; Njl Kbahky; ,Uf;Fk;. ,J rpy epWtdq;fSf;Fg; gpur;rpidahd xU mk;rkhFk; vdNt epWtdq;fspNy ,Uf;fpd;w kdpj tsj;ij Kjd;ikahf ehq;fs; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk; me;j kdpj tsj;ijr; rupahd Kiwapy; ,dq;fz;L gad;gLj;JNthkhdhy; kdpj tsk; Vida ngsjPf tsq;fis vkf;F Nrh;j;Jj; jUk;.

tha;g;Gfs; vDk; NghJ vk;ikr; Rw;wpAs;s gNuhgfhu rpe;ijAs;s kdpjh;fs;> cjTk; vz;zk; nfhz;lth;fs;> r%f Mh;tyh;fs;> mur mjpfhhpfs;> mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw ehk; Fwpg;gplyhk;. ,it midj;JNk ekf;F kpfg; ngupa tsq;f shFk;. ,e;j tsq;fis ehk; vt;thW> ve;jj; Njitf;F> ve;j Kiwapy; gad;gLj;JfpNwhk; vd;gijg; nghWj;jJjhd; jpwd; tpUj;jpahFk;.

jpwid tsh;f;fpd;w NghJ FOf;fNsh r%fq;fNsh my;yJ epWtdq;fNsh khw;wj;ij tpUk;gpathW> tpUk;gp Vw;FkhW mth;fSf;F ehk; khw;wq;fisg; gw;wp> Kd;Ndw;wk; gw;wp g+uz tpsf;fj;ij toq;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; nghJthfNt khw;wj;ij rpy Ngh; tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. ,e;j khw;wk; fhuzkhf jq;fsJ me;j];J gjtpfs; ,of;fg;gl;L tpLNkh vd;wmr;rk; mth;fSf;F ,Uf;fpwJ ,jid njspthf;fp mg;gb VJk; epyik ,y;iy mJ kl;Lky;yhky; ,e;j khw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf mth;fSila epyik Kd;Ndw;wkilAk; vd;gijAk; mth;fSila me;j];J caUk; vd;gijAk; njspthf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J ntw;wp ngwhky; ve;j tpjkhd khw;wj;ijAk;; nfhz;L tu KbahJ.

kf;fshfNt jq;fSf;Fs; kiwe;J fplf;fpd;w jpwd;fisAk;> mwpitAk; gad;gLj;jp jq;fisAk; jkJ r%fj;ijAk; epWtdj;ijAk;> fl;bnaOg;Gfpd;w nghWg;ig Vw;FkhW Jhz;L tJjhd; ,jpy; rpwg;ghd xh; mk;rkhFk.;

,e;j khw;wj;ijf; nfhz;L tUtjw;F ehq;fs; ghuk;gupa Kiwiag; gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ. mtw;wpy; mjpf gad; tpisahJ. toikahd ghzpapyhd gapw;rpfs; fUj;juq;FfSf;F mioahky; rw;W khWgl;l ghzpapNy Kjypy; jdpg;gl;l KiwapNy mth;fis mZfp> mth;fSf;F tpopg;Gzh;T+l;b> khw;wj;jpw;Fupa fUj;Jfis vy;NyhiuAk; Vw;f itj;J> mjd; gpd;dh; gapw;rpf;F mioj;J mth;fSf;F mwpt+l;b mjd; %ykhf khw;wj;ijr; nra;ayhk;.

r%f Nritapd; Gjpa tbtq;fs;> nra;Jfhl;ly;fs; Clhf kf;fspw;F r%fj;jpd; kPjhd mf;fiwapid Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; epWtdk; jkJ nraw;ghLfis tphpT gLj;J tJld;> r%f khw;wj;jpw;Fk; topaikf;fyhk;..

jpwd; tpUj;jp

nghJthf cs;@h; mikg;GfisNa kf;fs; mjpfk; ek;Gthh;fs;. Vndd;why; ntspapy; ,Ue;J tUgth;fs; jkJ Ntiy Kbe;jTld; rfytw;iwAk; vLj;Jr; nrd;W tpLthh;fs.; my;yJ rh;tNjr epWtdq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F gzpahw;wp tpl;L nrd;W tpLk;. Mdhy; cs;@h; mikg;Gfspd; jpwd;fs; fl;bnaOg;gg;gLfpd;w NghJ mit ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F Ntiy nra;af; $bajhfTk; mika KbAk; vdNt cs;@h; mikg;Gfspd; jpwd;fisf; fl;bnaOg;GtNj Kjd;ik tha;e;j gzpahf cs;sJ.

jpwd; tsh;g;Gj; jpl;lj;ij nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;ghf xt;nthU epWtdj;jpdJk; gq;Nfw;G Kiwapyhd mth;fspd; Njitia kjpg;gpLjy; rk;ke;jkhd ebtbf;ifffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk; ..my;yJ epWtdq;fs; kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg;gpl;l XusT tsh;r;rpaile;j epWtdq;fspd; jpwd;fis NkYk; cah;Jtjd; %yk; mtw;wpD}lhf rpwpa epWtdq;fis tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd tha;g;GfSk; re;jh;gq;fSk; ,Uf;Fk.; jpwd; tpUj;jpf;F njupT nra;ag;gLfpd;w epWtdq;fspilNa Kjypy; xU tiyaikg;G cUthf;fg;gLjy; mth;fSf;fpilNaAs;s tsq;fis mDgtq;fis gfph;e;J gad;gLj;Jjy; Kjw; fl;lkhf mikAk;.

jpwd; tsh;f;Fk; jpl;lj;jpy;

,j;jifa mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fspNy gzpahw;Wfpd;w jyikj;Jtj;jpYs;sth;fSk; Kjy; epiyg; gzpahshh;fSk; jpwd; tpUj;jp rk;ke;jkhfTk; mjd; mtrpak; rk;ke;jkhfTk; mth;fspd;y; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba khw;wq;fs; rk;ke;jkhfTk; kpfTk; njspthd epyikf;F mth;fs; mwpt+l;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg;ghf ,e;j epWtdq;fs; nra;fpd;w xt;nthU nraw;ghLfspw;Fk; xU ey;y tpisT Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. vd;w czh;T vy;yh kl;lq;fspYk; mwpTWj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. .

jpwd; tpUj;jpapd; gFjpfs;

ngUk;ghyhd epWtdj;jiyth;fspdhy; $wg;gLk; gpur;rpidfspy; gzpahsh; rhh;e;jNj nghUksthdjhFk;. ‘chpa Neuj;jpy; Ntiyfs; eilngWtjpy;iy’> ‘jukhd Ntiyfs; vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLkstpw;F nra;ag;gLtjpy;iy’. ‘gzpahsh; ,iltpyfy;’> vd;gd gpur;rpidfshff; $wg;gLfp;d;wJ. ,jdhy; jpl;lr; nraw;ghLfs; jhkjkilaTk;> ngUksT epjp tpuaj;jpidAk; epWtdq;fs; vjph; nfhs;fpd;fpd;w. ,jid epWtdq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; “SWOT” gFg;gha;T njspT gLj;Jfpd;wJ. mjpYk; ngUk; gytPdkhf $wg;gLtJ “gzpahsh; ,iltpyfy;” MFk;. ,jw;F vd;d fhuzk;? vd Ma;Tnra;J gpur;rpidfspw;F rhpahdJk; nghUj;jkhdJkhd jPh;tpidf; fhz Ntz;Lk; mjd; %yNk gytPdj;ijg; gykhf khw;wp epWtdk; jdJ Nehf;if miltjw;F topNaw;gLtJld;> gzpahsh; ,iltpyfypidAk; fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk;.

gzpahsh; ,iltpyfy; %yk; epWtdk; gy;NtW rthy;fspw;F cl;gLfpd;w epiy Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

Gjpa gzpahsh; xUtiuj; njhpT nra;tjpy; cs;s rpukKk; nryTfSk;> GjpatUf;F epWtdk; gw;wp gapw;Wtpj;jy;> mthpd; Ntiy gw;wp gapw;rpaspj;jy;> ,e;j ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; jilg;gLk; xU njhFjp Ntiy vd;gd epWtdj;jpw;F ts tpuaj;jpid Vw;gLj;JtJld; epWtd ed;kjpg;Gk; Fiwtilaf; fhuzkhfpd;wJ. ,t;thnwy;yhk; rpukg;gl;Lg; gapw;rpaspj;J Gjpa gzpahshpw;F Ntiyapid xg;gilj;j gpd;dUk; ehk; vjph;ghh;f;Fk; juj;Jld; Ntiy nra;ag;gl tpy;iynadpy;…?

vdNt> gzpahsh;fs; ,iltpyfypid jLg;gjw;fhf Cf;Ftpg;G Kiwfisj; jiyikj;Jtk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. gzpahsh;fis vt;thW Cf;Ftpf;fyhk;?. gzpahsh; Cf;Ftpg;G vDk;NghJ ngUk;ghYk; rk;gs cah;T> gjtpAah;T vd;w FWfpa tl;lj;JlNdNa ehk; epd;WtpLfpd;Nwhk;. mt;thwpy;yhky;> gzpahsh;fis cf;Ftpf;Fk; gy;NtW KiwfSk; cs;sd.

gzpahsh; Cf;Ftpg;G Kiwfspy; rpy ,q;F jug;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; cq;fs; epWtdj;jpw;F vit nghUj;jk; vd;gijj; njhpT nra;J mKy;g;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ntw;wp fhZq;fs;.
1. gzpahsh;fspilNa Ra jd;dk;gpf;ifia fl;bnaOg;Gjy;

 csts MNyhridfs; %yk;

 gapw;rpfis toq;Ftjd; %yk;

 mwpT rhy; Ehy;fis thrpf;fj; Jhz;Ltjd; %yk;

 jdpg;gl;l ciuahly;fis elhj;jy;.

2. njhopy; njhlh;ghd mwpit Nkk;gLj;jy;.

 thrpg;ig Cf;Ftpj;jy;;

 Ntiy njhlh;ghd gapw;rpfis toq;Fjy;.

 tpNrl epGzj;Jt gapw;rpfs; toq;fy;

 ntspaplr; Rw;Wyhf;fs;

3. gzpahsh;fspd; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fSld; el;GhPjpahd fye;Jiuahly;.

4. rk;gs cah;T toq;fy;.

5. gjtp cah;T toq;fy;.

6. ghuhl;Lf;fs; Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fs; toq;fy;.

7. tl;bapy;yhj my;yJ Fiwe;j tl;lbAld; fld; toq;fy;.

8. rpwe;j gzpahsh;fspw;F epWtd eilKiw tpjpf;Fk; Nkyhd flDjtp toq;fy;.

9. cah;fy;tp trjpfis toq;fy;.

 gapw;rptoq;fy;

 cah;fy;tpf;fhd gz trjp

 tl;bapy;yhf; fld;

 fy;tp epWtdq;fSld; njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;

10. nghWg;Gf;fisAk; mjpfhuq;fisAk; toq;fy;

11. fldbg;gilapyhd thfd trjpfis toq;fy;

12. Nkyjpf nghWg;G toq;fy;

13. tpohf;fs; epfo;Tfspd;NghJ ghuhl;L my;yJ ghprpy;fs; toq;fy;

14. mtru epjpAjtpaspj;jy;

2) gzpahsh; Kfhikj;Jtk;

tpidj;jpwd; kpFe;j Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gJ xU epWtdj;jpw;F mjDila Cf;Ftpg;Gg; jd;ik njhopy; eilKiw ntFkjpfis toq;Ffpd;w Kiwik FOr; nraw;ghLfs; vd;gdtw;iwg; nghWj;J mike;Js;sJ

nraw;ghl;L uPjpahd epiyfSk; epge;jidfSk; jhd; xUtUila elj;ij khw;wj;jpw;Fg; gpujhdkhd fhuzkhf mikfpwJ. #o; epiy vd;gJ xUtUila elj;ijia khw;Wk;. cjhuzkhf vy;NyhYk; mikjpahf ,Uf;fpd;w #o; epiyapy; xUth; rj;jkhfg; Ngr Kaw;rpf;fkhl;lhH. vy;NyhUk; nkJthf elf;fpd;w #o;epiyapNy xUth;; tpiuthf elf;f Kaw;rpf;f khl;lhh;. ,J NghyNt #o; epiyfs; xt;nthUtUila elj;ijiaAk; khw;Wfpd;wd.

gzpahsh;fs; rpy tplaq;fis epWtdj;jplkpUe;J vjph; ghh;g;ghh;fs; mJ epWtdj;ijg; ghjpf;fhj tifapNy mth;fSf;F rup vJ gpio vJ vd czu itj;jhy; ehk; gzpahsh;fSila rpwe;j ngWNgWfis tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f nraw;ghLfis epWtdj;jpw;F ngw;Wg; nfhs;s KbAk;.

xt;nthU epiyg; gzpahsh;fSf;Fk; mLj;j kl;lj;jpNy njhlh;Gs;s xU gzpahsh; ,Ug;ghh; xt;nthU gbapYKs;s njhlh;Gs;s gzpahsh;jhd; mtUf;F Neubahd gzpahsh; Mthh;.

mtuplj;jpy; cah; epiyg; gzpahsupdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w khw;wkhdJ ,yFthd Kiwapy; mtjhdpf;fg;glTk; Neubahf nry;thf;F nrYj;jg;glTk; $baJ. ,jDhlhf fPo; epiyg; gzpahsh; jdf;Ff; fPNoAs;s kw;wg; gzpahsiu ,t;thW topelhj;jyhk;. ,J xU rpwe;j KiwahFk;. ,jid tpLj;J cah; kl;lj;jpy; ,Ug;gth;fs; Neubahf kf;fsplj;jpNy nry;thf;F nrYj;j Kw;gLjy; vd;gJ eilKiwr; rhj;jpak; mw;wJk; ,yFthdJk; my;y. vdNt xt;nthU gzpahsUk; jdf;F mLj;j gbapNyAs;s gzpahsiu topelhj;jp mth;fSf;Fs;Ns ,Uf;fpd;w rpwg;ghd nraw;ghLfis ntspf; nfhzu Kaw;rp vLf;f Ntz;Lk.;
2. gjtpAah;T njhlh;ghd epiyik

gy gzpahsh;fs; gzpahw;Wfpd;w xU epWtdj;jpNy xUtUf;F kl;LNk gjtpAah;T toq;f KbAk; vd;w epiyapNy kw;wth;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl $Lk.; Mdhy; vy;NyhiuAk; ghjpf;fhj tpjj;jpNy> vy;NyhiuAk; Cf;Ftpj;J mq;Fs;s epyikfis tpsq;fg;gLj;jp ,d;dhUf;Fj;jhd; ,d;d ,d;d fhuzq;fshy; gjtpAah;T toq;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gijg; Gupa itj;Jg; gjtpAah;T toq;fg;gLifapNy mJ vy;NyhuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba epiyf;F khWk.;

Ntiy nra;Ak; ,lq;fspNy Kfhikj;J tj;jpYs;sth;fs; fPNo gzpahw;Wfpd;w midtUila jpwd;fisAk;> mth;fSf;Fs;s jdpj;Jtj;ijAk;> mth;fSf;Fs;s Rah jgj;jpaj;ijAk;> mth;fSf;Fs; ,Uf;fpd;w mwpitAk;> xU Gwk; js;sp tpl;L KOf;f KOf;f jhq;fs;; toq;Fk; mwpTWj;jypd; fPNo nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd vjph; ghh;g;ghh;fs;. ,J xU jtwhd KiwahFk;. ,jid tpLj;J xt;nthU gzpahsiuAk; Rje;jpu czh;Tld; nraw;gl itf;Fk; NghJ mth;fshy; mjprpwe;j Nritapid toq;f KbAk;. gzpahsh;fl;F Rje;jpuj;ij toq;fp mth;fsJ mgpg;gpuhaj;ijf; Nfl;L vz;;zq;fSf;F tbtk;; nfhLj;;J mtw;iwg;; ghprPypg;Nghkhdhy; ,r; nraw;ghLfspDhlhf gzpahsh;fis ek;gpf;if Cl;l KbAk;.

gzpahsh;fs; jhk; rkkhf elj;jg;gLfpNwhk; vd;gJ czh;j;jgLk;NghJ mth;fSf;fpilNa ,Uf;fpd;w rk;gs Vw;wj;jho;TfisNah tUkhdq;fisNah Jr;rnkd kjpg;ghh;fs;. nghJthf kdpj ,ay;G jhk; nfsutkhf rkkhf vy;NyhiuAk; Nghd;W elj;jg;gLfpNwhk;;;;

nghJthfNt gzpahsHfs; jq;fSila Ntiyfis Nky; epiyg;gzpahsh;fs;; ghuhl;b jq;fSf;Fhpa ntFkjpfisj; juNtz;Lk; vd;Wjhd; vjph;ghHg;ghh;fs;. jhk; nra;Ak; mjpfg;gbahd Ntiyfl;Fhpa ghuhl;LfNsh my;yJ Gfo;r;rpNah my;;yJ gz %ykhd tUthNah fpilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd ;vjph;ghh;g;ghh;fs;. ,jw;F ehKk; jahuhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;;. gzj;ijf; nfhLj;jhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ rpy Ntisfspy; ghul;Lf;fs; $l gzk; nra;ahj Ntiyiar; nra;Ak;;. vdNt ehk; ey;;y Ntiyfs; nra;fpd;w xt;nthU gzpahsiuAk; mioj;J vy;Nyhh; Kd;dpiyapYk; ghuhl;b NkYk; Cf;Ftpj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J epWtdj;jpw;F kpfTk; gaDs;s nraw;;ghlhFk;. ,jd; %ykhf jhk; ngWkjpkpf;f gzpahsh;fs; vd;gij czuitf;f KbAk;. mj;Jld; mth;fSila xj;;Jiog;Gk; vkJ epWtdj;jpw;F mjpfsT fpilf;Fk;.

xt;nthU gzpahsUila tpidj;jpwidAk;;; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F gzpahsh;fSila Neh;ikj;jd;ikia Cf;Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk;;. FO epiyapNy mth;fs; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;w ntspaPLfisg;;;; ghuhl;l Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU gzpahsh;fSk; vLj;j Kaw;rpf;;;;;;fhf mtw;iw tuNtw;f Ntz;Lk;. mth;fspilNa fhzg;gLfpd;w ey;y jd;ikfis ,dk;fz;L NkYk; mtw;iw tsh;f;f Cf;Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,tw;wpd; %yk; tpidj;jpwd; mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;.

gy;NtWgl;l jd;ikfs;;;;; cs;s Ntiyfisj;jhd; gytpjkhd gzpahsh;fs; vq;fs; epWtdq;fspNy Ghpfpd;whh;fs;. ,jpNy jdpj;;Jtkpf;f nraw;ghL nfhz;lth;fis ,dk; fz;L me;je;;j JiwapNy tsh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. vy;NyhUk; nraw;;gl;lhYk; $l nraw;;ghl;bd; tpisthf Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w jhf;fk;> khw;wk; vd;gJ xU rpyhplkpUe;Nj tUfpwJ. mtw;iwAk; jdpj;J ,dk; fz;L tsh;;j;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;. cs;sff; fl;likg;gpNy xUthpy; xUth; rhh;e;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; my;yJ njhlh;G gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;;;gij czuitj;J mth;fs; FOepiyapNy nraw;;gl Cf;Ftpf;f Ntz;Lk;. vOj;J%ykhd ,yf;Ffis itj;Jf; nfhz;L ehk; mtw;iw Nehf;fp xt;nthU gzpahsh;fSk; nraw;gLtjw;F VJthd toptiffs; nra;ag;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa eltbf;iffs; Clhf kdpjts Kfhikj;Jtj;ij epWtdq;fspNy nra;tpf;f KbAk;. ,jw;F Ntz;ba mwpTk; topelj;jy;fSk;; Kfhik ahshpilNa fhzg;gl;bUg;gpd; mit epWtdq;fSf;F gad; Nrh;;;f;Fk;.

gzpahsh; njhlh;e;Jk; cq;fs; epWtdj;jpy; epiyj;jpUf;fr; nra;tjw;Fk;. mth;fspd; cr;r Nritapid epWtdk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; Ntz;Lnkdpy; mth;fis fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; kjpg;gPL nraw;tJld; chpa fhyj;jpy; eltbf;iffSk; Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

kjpg;gPl;bd; %yNk xt;thUthpdJk; Ntiyapd; juk;> mth;fspd; Ra tsh;r;rp> Nkk;ghlila Ntz;ba mk;rq;fs;> Njitfs; vd;gd ntspg;gLtjw;Fk;> mjw;Nfw;g epWtdk; jpl;lq;is tbtikg;gjw;Fk; ,yFthf mikfpd;wJ.

gzpahsh;fis gy;NtW Kiwfspy; kjpg;gPL nra;a KbAk;. mth;fis ehshe;jk; fz;fhzpj;jy; %yKk;> thpirepiy Kfhikahsh;f@lhfTk;> gbtq;fis gad;gLj;jp Neubf; fye;Jiuahly; ClhfTk; kjpg;gpl KbAk;.

Neubf; fye;Jiuahliy epWtdj;jpYs;s cah;kl;lg; gzpahsh; FO xd;wpidf; nfhz;L nra;tNj rpwe;jJ. mth;fshNyNa jkJ gzpahsh;fspd; xt;nthU nraw;ghLfisAk; eltbf;iffisAk; kjpg;gpl KbAk;.

kjpg;gPl;bid elhj;Jk;NghJ kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; #oy; vy;NyhUk; tpUk;gf; $ba epiyapYk;> kdk; jpwe;J Ngrf;$ba epiyapYk; ,Ug;gNj rpwe;jNj.

Nkw;$wg;gl;l Kiwfspy; kjpg;gPl;bid Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis mtjhdpg;gjd;%yk; xt;nthU gzpahiuAk; gw;wpa njspthd epiyg;ghl;il mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

1. Mq;fpy mwpT.

2. fzdp mwpT.

3. Ntiy gw;wpa mwpT.

4. MSik.

5. Ntiyia ntspg;gLj;Jk; jpwd;.

6. nfhLf;fg;gl;l Ntiyapy; Vw;gLj;jpa hw;wk;.

7. rf gzpahsh;fSld; nfhz;Ls;s cTKiwfs;.

8. Ntiyapy; GFj;jpa Gj;jhf;f Kaw;rpfs;> Mf;fj;jpwd;.

9. mh;g;gzpg;G.

10. epWtdk; njhlh;ghd Vida Jiw gw;wpa mwpT.

11. Kfhikj;Jt jpwd;> mDgtk;.

12. mwpTg;gpuNahfk;.

13. fle;jfhy rhjid.

14. Vida Ntiyfspy; cjTjy;.

15. nghWg;Ngw;f Kd;tUjy;.

16. epGzj;Jtk;.

17. epWtdj;jpy; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; jd;ik

18. jpl;lkply; jpwd;.

19. nghJ.

,t; mbg;gil tplaq;fSld; epWtdq;fspd; jd;ikf;Nfw;wthW Nkyjpf tplaq;fisAk; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
xt;nthU tplaj;jpw;Fk; Gs;spfs; tsq;Ftjd; %yk; xUth; ngw;w Gs;spfspd; mbg;gilapYk;> Fiwthd Gs;spfs; ngw;w tplaq;fspd; mbg;gilapYk; gzpahshpd; Kd;Ndw;wk; gw;wpAk; mthpw;Fj; Njitahd gapw;rp kw;Wk; Vida Cf;Ftpg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAkhd gzpahsh; jq;Fjpwd; jpl;lq;fis jpl;lkplyhk;.


epWtdj; jpwd; tpUj;jpapd; fPo;

epWtdq;fspd; Mw;wiy tsh;j;jy; nrad;Kiwfs;.

1. 
   mq;fj;Jt mikg;Gf;fis Nrh;g;gjw;fhd epge;jidfspd; mbg;gilapy; mq;fj;Jt mikg;Gf;fis milahsk; fhzy;.
   
2. 
   epge;jidfspw;F cl;gLk; mikg;Gf;fspw;F mq;fj;Jtk; toq;fy;.
   
3. 
   ,t;tikg;Gf;fSld; fs ,izg;ghsh; ,Ugf;ff; fye;Jiuahliy Nkw;nfhz;L mth;fspd; jw;Nghija epiy kw;Wk; Nkk;gLj;jNtz;ba tplaq;fs;> mikg;Gf;fspd; Njitfs; > Ntz;LNfhs;fs; vd;gtw;iw Muha;jy;.
   
4. 
   mq;fj;Jt mikg;Gf;fspd; epUthfpfs;> jiyth;fs; kw;Wk; Kf;fpa gzpahsh;fspw;F
   
   • 
     gapw;rpaspj;jy;
     
   • 
     jdpg;gl;l MNyhridfs; toq;fs;
     
   • 
     gapw;rpf;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;
     
   • 
     njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;.
     
   • 
     Neubahd cjtpfis nra;jy;
     

5. 
   xt;nthU khtl;lj;jpw;Fk; nghWg;ghf cs;s fsg;gzpahsh;fs; %yk; ,t; mq;fj;jt mikg;Gf;fis fz;fhzpj;jy;
   
6. 
   fsg;gzpahsh;fs; ,th;fSld; khjhe;j fye;Jiuahly;fis elhj;jy;.
   
7. 
   fsg;gzpahsh;fs; khjhe;j Kd;Ndw;wj;ij mtjhdpj;J MNyhrid toq;fy;
   
8. 
   fsr; re;jpg;Gf;fspd;NghJ mikg;Gf;fspd; Njitfs;> Ntz;LNfhs;fs; kw;Wk; fsg;gzpahsh;fspd; mtjhdpg;G> Nkk;gLj;j Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; vd;gtw;iw ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy;.
   
9. 
   epWtdr; nraw;ghLfspw;F Njitahd jpl;lkplypidAk;> KiwikfisAk; cUthf;fpf; nfhLj;jy;
   
10. 
    mikg;Gf;fspw;F Njitahd epjpapid ngWtjw;fhf
    
    • 
      jpl;l Kd;nkhopTfis jahhpj;Jf; nfhLj;jy;
      
    • 
      epjp epWtdq;fSldhd njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;
      
    • 
      Neubahf epjpapid ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy;
      

11. 
    nraw;jpl;lq;fis tbtikj;Jf; nfhLj;jy;
    
12. 
    njhz;lh; Nritfis toq;fy;
    
13. 
    ,isQh;FOf;fspw;F gapw;rpaspj;J mikg;Gf;fspw;F ,th;fspd; xj;Jiog;G fpilf;fr; nra;jy;.
    

gq;fhsp mikg;Gfis njupT nra;tjpy; fhzg;gLk; eilKiwfs;:-

1. 
   khw;wq;fs; Njit vd;gjidAk; vkJ MNyhridfSf;F nrtp kLg;gtuhfTk; mtw;iw mKy;g;gLj;JgtuhfTk; ,Ug;gij xj;Jf; nfhz;l epWtdq;fs;
   
2. 
   mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fspy; kpfTk; Mu;tKs;s epWtdq;fs;
   
3. 
   ey;ynjuU epWtdf; fl;likg;gpidAk; nraw;ghLfisAK; nfhz;l epWtdq;fs;
   
4. 
   ghjpf;fg;gl;l FOf;fis my;yJ r%fq;fis my;yJ Fwpg;gpl;l r%f mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghl;bid ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l mikg;gfs;
   
5. 
   $Ljyhd mstpw;F cs;@h; mikg;gfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; epWtdq;fs;
   
6. 
   ey;y Kiwapyhd njhlh;ghliy jdJ Copah;fspilNaAk; mur rhh;gw;w epWtdj; jiyth;fspilNaAk; mNj Nghd;W SOND fs cj;jpNahfj;jh;fSlDk; itj;jpUf;Fk; epWtdq;fs;
   
7. 
   gy;NtW tpjkhd mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffspy; ehl;lk; nfhz;l epWtdq;fs;
   
8. 
   r%f Nrit jpizf;fsk; my;yJ Vjhtj nghUj;jkhd epWtdj;jpNyh jpizf;fsj;jpNyh gjpT nra;ag;gl;l epWtdq;fs;
   
9. 
   6 khj nrawpl;lj;jpidAk; kjpg;gPl;L KiwapidAk; xj;Jf; nfhz;lth;fshfTk; $l;lq;fspw;F r%fkspf;ff; $batuhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; eph;thfpfisf; nfhz;l epWtdq;fs;
   
10. 
    xU fzprkhd msT mq;fj;jth;fSlDk; Fwpg;gplf; $ba rpy gpuNjrq;fspy; Ntiy nra;af; $baJkhd epWtdq;fs;
    
11. 
    Vida epWtdq;fspilNa ,ul;bg;Gj; jd;ikahd nraw;ghLfs; mw;w epWtdq;fs;
    
12. 
    me;je;j khtl;l ,izaj;jpdhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l epWtdq;fs;
    
13. 
    jq;Fjpwd; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;ljhd jpl;lq;fisAk; nraw;ghLfisAk; nfhz;ljhd epWtdq;fs;
    
14. 
    SOND elhj;Jk; gapw;rpfSf;F gzpahsh;fis mDg;Gtjw;Fk; mg; gzpahsh;fs; fw;Wf; nfhz;ltw;iw jkJ epWtdj;jpy; mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;F mDkjp toq;ff; $ba jyikj;Jtj;jpidf; nfhz;l epWtdq;fs;
    

mq;fj;Jt epWtdq;fis ePq;Ftjw;fhd epge;jidfs;:-

1. 
   VNjDk; Fw;wq;fspw;Nfh my;yJ ghjpg;Gfspw;Nfh cl;gl;ljhf ,Uj;jy;
   
2. 
   murpay; ebtbf;iffspw;F ce;jg;gl;lbUj;jy;. my;yJ Ml;rpf; fl;Lg;ghl;bw;F cl;gl;bUj;jy;
   
3. 
   xNu FLk;gj;J mq;fj;jth;fis gzpahsh;fshfNth my;yJ mq;fj;jth;fshfNth nfhz;l epWtdkhf ,Uj;jy;
   
4. 
   Copah;fis epahakw;w Kiwapy; elhj;Jk; mikg;ghf ,Uj;jy;
   
5. 
   xg;Gf; nfhz;l Nehf;fq;fis mKy;gLj;Jtjpy; mrPuj;ijf; nfhz;bUj;jy;
   
6. 
   kw;iwa epWtdq;fSld; ,ul;bg;Gj; jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUj;jy;
   
7. 
   VjhtJ fhuzj;jhy; ,izaj;jpdhy; tpyf;fg;gl;l epWtdkhf ,Uj;jy;
   
8. 
   Mff; Fiwe;jJ 50 mq;fj;jth;fspYk; Fiwthd mq;fj;jth;fisf; nfhz;l mikg;ghf ,Uj;jy;
   
9. 
   epjpr; nraw;ghl;bid ntspg;gilahf itj;jpUf;fhNjhh;
   
10. 
    gf;fr; rhh;ghd nraw;ghLfisf; nfhz;l epWtdq;fs;
    

1. 
   NGO f;fis milahsk; fhZjy; (,jw;fhd topfhl;b epge;jidfs; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.)
   

2. 
   jiyth;fSld; re;jpg;ig elhj;Jk; NghJ ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; eilKiwfis g+uzkhf tpsq;f itj;J mth;fis cs;thq;Fjy;
   

3. 
   ,t;thW ,j;jpl;lj;jp;y; NrUtjd; %yk; gadhspfspw;F mjpf Nritfis toq;ff;$ba epiy cUthtjd; fhuzkhf mth;fspd; r%f me;j];j;J mjpfhpg;gJld;. me;epWtdq;fspd; ed;kjpg;Gk; mjpfhpf;Fk; vd;gjid mth;fspw;F tpsf;Fjy;.
   

4. 
   epWtdq;fspd; Njitia kjpg;gPL nra;Ak; nghOJ ,r; nray;j;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd Fiwe;j gl;rj; NjitfisNa Kjypy; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
   

mNj Ntiapy; epWtdj;jpw;F mj;jpahtrpakhd cgfuzq;fs;> rpy gzpahshfspw;fhd rk;gsq;fs; vd;gtw;iw ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; ngwyhk; vdTk; $wNtz;Lk;.

5. 
   epWtdq;fspd; jiyth;fs; gy tplaq;fis fw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij mth;fspw;F tpsq;f itj;J ,jd; %yk; jpl;lkply; mwpitAk;> epjpf;nfhil epWtdq;fSld; njhlh;G nfhs;sf;$ba epiyiaAk; kf;fspw;F mjpf gl;r Nritia toq;FtJld; epWtdj;ijAk; ey; epiyapy; elhj;j KbAk; vd;gijAk; njspthf;f Ntz;Lk;
   

6. 
   xU epWtdj;jpw;F Ntz;ba rfy Mtzq;fisAk; Kiwg;gb Ngzp mjid rhpahd Kiwapy; guhkhpg;gnjd;gJ ahh; vd;d jftiy ve;Neuj;jpy; Nfl;lYk; toq;Ftjw;F ,yFthf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gJld;> epWtd jpl;lkplYf;F ,J kpfTk; mtrpak; vd;gijAk;> ,t;thtzj; njhFg;igr; nra;tjw;F epjp mjpfk; Njitg;glhJ vd;gijAk; Mdhy; ,jd; %yk; epWtdj;jpd; ed;kjpg;G cah;tilAk; vd;gijAk; czu itf;f Ntz;L;k;
   

7. 
   ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ,ize;J nfhs;Sk; epWtdq;fspy; epUthfk; Gduikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jd; %yk; epUthfj;jpdhpd; KOikahd xj;Jiog;igg; ngWtJld; jpl;lq;fis ,yFthf mKy;g;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,J topaikf;Fk;.
   

8. 
   rpwpa epWtdq;fs; nraw;gLtjw;F Muk;gj;jpy; vit mj;jpahtrpa khf Njit vd;gij czur;nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ngUk;ghyhdth;fs; mikg;G xd;wpw;F Njitahd midj;J nghUl;fSk; nfhs;tdT nra;jTlNdNa mjid nraw;gLj;Jth;> mt;thwpy;yhky; rpy mj;jahtrpa nghUL;fs;> cgfuzq;fSlNdNa rpwe;j Nritfis kf;fspw;F toq;f KbAk; vd;gij $wNtz;Lk;.
   

9. 
   ,isQh; Atjpfspw;F tpopg;Gzh;T+l;Ltjd;%yk; mth;fis njhz;lh; mbg;gilapy; mh;g;gzpg;Gs;s Nritahsh;fshf ,izj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gij xt;nthU epWtdj;jiyth;fSk; czur; nra;aNtz;Lk;.
   

10. 
    epUthfj;jpy; vt;thW ,isQh;fis Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;tJ vd;w eilKiwapid jiyth;fspw;F czh;j;jNtz;Lk;.
    

11. 
    epWtdj;jpy; njhz;lh;fis vt;thW ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sKbAk; mth;fspdhy; Vw;gLk; mD$yq;fs; vit vd;gJ gw;wp tpsf;fNtz;Lk;.
    

12. 
    xt;nthU fpuhk kl;l mikg;Gk; vNjh xU tifapy; xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlh;Ggl;l tiffapNyNa kf;fspw;F Nritahw;Wfpd;wd. xt;nthU epWtdKk; jkf;fpilNa ey;y cwTfis tsh;j;Jf;nfhs;s Kay Ntz;Lk;. ,jd;%yk; ,ul;bg;Gj; jd;ik gpur;rpid Vw;glhkYk;. $l;LwTld; nraw;jpl;lq;fisAk; mKy;g;gLj;jTk; KbAk;. ,t;thwhd epWtdq;fspw;Nf r%fj;jpy; ngUk; ed;kjpg;G Vw;gLfpd;wnjd;gij czu itf;f Ntz;Lk;.
    

13. 
    nraw;ghLfs; jpl;lq;fspy; kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fspw;F Kd;Dhpik toq;Fk; kdg;gf;Ftj;ij epWtdj;jiyth;fs; nfhz;bUf;fNtz;Lk;. goikthj jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; %yk; fpuhkkl;l epWtdq;fs; Nkk;ghlila Kbahnjd;gij jiyth;fs; czu Ntz;Lk;.
    

c-k; : $l;lk; elhj;Jtjpy; ghuk;ghpa Kiwia jtph;j;jy;> jPh;khdnkLg;gjpy; ghuk;ghpa jiyth; Mjpf;fj;ij ,y;yhky;r; nra;jy;. rpwe;j fUj;Jf;fs; rhjhuz kf;fsplkpUe;Jk; ngwg;glyhnkd;gij jiyth;fs; czUk;gb $wy; Ntz;Lk;.

14. 
    mgptpUj;jp Nehf;fpa tifapy; vt;thW jpl;lq;fis njhpT nra;tJ vd;gJ gw;wpAk;> r%fj;jpw;F kpfTk; mj;jpahtrpakhd Njit vJ vd;gijj; njhpT nra;Ak; Kiwgw;wpAk; tpsf;fNtz;Lk;.
    

15. 
    VidNahUila fUj;Jf;fis ngWtjpYk;> ntspg;gilj;jd;ik NgZtjpYk; epWtdk; gpd;dpw;ff;$lhJ ,jd;%yNk epWtd ed;kjpg;G mjpfhpf;Fk; vd;gij njspT gLj;jNtz;Lk;.
    

epWtdq;fs; jkJ jpwid Nkk;gLj;jf;$ba rpytopfs;

1. 
   Gjpa Gjpa njhopEl;gq;fis mwpKfk; nra;jy;.
   
2. 
   rpwe;;j jiyikj;Jtj;jpid Vw;gLj;jy;
   
3. 
   epWtd nraw;ghLfs; gw;wp kf;fSf;F tpopg;Gzh;T+l;ly;.
   
4. 
   epWtdj;jpy; Gjpa Gjpa njhopy; Kaw;rpfis Muk;gpj;jy;.
   
5. 
   ,aw;ifapy; my;yJ ,ytrkhff; fpilf;Fk; tsq;fisf; nfhz;L mgptpUj;jpia Nkw;;nfhs;sy; (Jk;Gf; ifj;njhopy; )
   
6. 
   epWtdj;jpy; rpwe;j epUthff; fl;likg;gpid Vw;gLj;jy;.
   
7. 
   epWtdj;jpy;; Ntiy nra;Ak; Copah;fspd; mbg;gilj; Njitfis epiwNtw;wy;.
   
8. 
   epWtdj; jiyth; Kjy; Copah; tiu rpwe;j gu];gu cwT fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
   
9. 
   epWtdk; ,ytrf; fy;tpr; nray;jpl;lq;fspy;
10. 
    r%fj;jpw;F jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; tplaq;fs; gw;wp kf;fSf;F tpopg;Gzh;t+l;ly; (kJ xopg;Gj; jpl;lk;)
    
11. 
    kf;fSf;Ff; Fiwe;j tl;b mbg;gilapy; fld;fis toq;Fjy;.
    
12. 
    ,aw;if mdh;j;jq;fshy; Vw;gLk; mopTfspd; NghJ kf;fSf;f cjtp nra;jy; (nts;sg; ngUf;fpd; NghJ nts;s epthuzk; toq;Fjy;)
    
13. 
    ,isQh; AtjpfSf;Fg; Gjpa Gjpa njhopw; gapw;rpfis toq;fy;.
    
14. 
    Ra ,yhgj;ijf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;shJ r%f Njitfis fUj;jpy; nfhs;sy;.
    
15. 
    r%fg; nghJ Ntiyj;jpl;l gzpfspy;
16. 
    mq;ftPdKw;Nwhh;> tpjitfs; Nghd;NwhUf;F tpNrl rYiffis nra;J nfhLj;jy;
    
17. 
    njhopy; nra;a Mh;tKs;NshUf;F njhopy; tha;g;gpid Vw;gLj;jp nfhLj;jy; (kPd; gpb njhopypy;
18. 
    ghlrhiy khzth;fs; ,isQh;fs; Atjpfs; Nghd;NwhUf;F gy;NtW fiy fyhr;rhu epfo;r;rpfisAk; Nghl;bfisAk; elhj;jp guprpy;fis toq;Fjy;
    
19. 
    ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; Nghd;NwhUf;F Kd;Dupik toq;f Ntz;Lk;
    
20. 
    thbf;ifahsUf;F fld;fis toq;fp ifj;njhopy;fis Vw;gLj;jp mtw;wpw;Fr; rpwe;j re;ij tha;gpid Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;
    
21. 
    vOj;jwptw;wth;fSf;F vOj;jhw;wiy Vw;gLj;jy;
    

22. 
    kf;fSf;F fld;fis toq;fp mjw;f;fhd gapw;rpfisAk; toq;Fjy; (Nfhop tsh;g;gpw;Ff; fld;fis toq;fp mjw;fhd gapw;rpfisAk; toq;Fjy;);
    
23. 
    r%fg; gpur;rpidfis cupa mjpfhupaplk; njhlh;G nfhz;L NgRjy;
    

24. 
    epWtdkhdJ tpahghu epiyaq;fis mikj;J Vida tpahghu epiyaq;fspd; tpiyfis fhl;bYk; Fiwe;j tpiyapy; tpw;gid nra;jy;
    
25. 
    jpwikahd khzth;fSf;F Kd;Dupik toq;fp mth;fisf; nfsutpj;jy; (Gyikg; guPl;irapy; rpj;jpaile;j khzth;fis nfsutpj;jy;) njhw;WNeha;f; fhyq;fspy; Vw;gLk; njhw;W Neha;fSf;F cupa mjpfhupaplk; njhlh;G nfhz;L kf;fSf;F tpopg;Gzh;T Cl;ly;