Final policy review: Alternative risk management measures to import Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan
December 2013
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Department of Agriculture (2013) Final policy review: Alternative risk management measures to import Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan. Department of Agriculture, Canberra. CC BY 3.0.
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Department of Agriculture (2013) Final policy review: Alternative risk management measures to import Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan. Department of Agriculture, Canberra.
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The Australian Government acting through the Department of Agriculture has exercised due care and skill in the preparation and compilation of the information in this publication. Notwithstanding, the Department of Agriculture, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability, including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information in this publication to the maximum extent permitted by law.
Cover image: Lilium spp. flower production in Taiwan, photographed by Department of Agriculture officers, Taiwan field visit, April 2011.
Lily cut flower depicted is not necessarily indicative of the species or varieties grown in Taiwan.
Contents
Acronyms and abbreviations vi
Abbreviations of units vi
Summary vii
Introduction 1
1.1Australia’s biosecurity policy framework 1
1.2This review of policy 1
1.3Existing policy 3
Lilium spp. propagation, commercial cultivation and Taiwan’s commercial production practices 7
1.4Lilium spp. varieties, propagation and commercial cultivation 7
1.5Climate in Taiwan’s production areas 9
1.6Taiwan’s commercial production practices 11
1.7Taiwan’s export capability 12
Method for pest risk analysis 13
1.8Stage 1: Initiation of the PRA 13
1.9Stage 2: Pest Risk Assessment 14
1.10Stage 3: Pest risk management 21
Pest risk assessments for quarantine pests 23
Pest risk management 29
1.11Pest risk management measures and phytosanitary procedures 29
1.12Remedial action(s) for non-compliance detected on-arrival in Australia 32
1.13Uncategorised pests 32
1.14Review of policy 32
Conclusion 33
Appendix A: Initiation and categorisation of pests associated with Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan 37
Appendix B Additional quarantine pest data 59
Glossary 67
References 69
Tables
Table 1.1 Specific biosecurity measures for Lilium spp. bulbs as nursery stock (potted colour or cut flower production) 4
Table 1.2 Specific biosecurity measures for cut flowers other than Lilium spp. 5
Table 3.1 Nomenclature for qualitative likelihoods 17
Table 3.2 Matrix of rules for combining qualitative likelihoods 17
Table 3.3 Decision rules for determining the consequence impact score based on the magnitude of consequences at four geographic scales 19
Table 3.4 Decision rules for determining the overall consequence rating for each pest 20
Table 3.5 Risk estimation matrix 20
Table 4.1 Quarantine pests for Lilium spp. cut flowers from Taiwan 23
Table 4.2 Summary of unrestricted risk estimates for example quarantine pests 28
Figures
Figure 1 Map of Australian states and territories v
Figure 2 A guide to Australia’s bio-climate zones v
Figure 3 Climate in Taiwan: a) annual rainfall; b) January average temperatures; and c) July average temperatures (NICT 2009) 10
Figure 1 Map of Australian states and territories
Figure 2 A guide to Australia’s bio-climate zones
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