Electronic Supplementary Material Electronic Supplementary Table (esm) Table 1

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Electronic Supplementary Material
Electronic Supplementary Table (ESM) Table 1. Phylogenetically controlled GLS regressions between sperm characteristics and heterozygosity. Three separate analyses were performed using 1) data from all species, 2) data from endangered species only and 3) data from non-endangered species. The strength of the phylogenetic effect was assessed using the scaling parameter  (superscripts indicate if  was significantly different than 0 and 1 respectively, with non significant values indicated by ns and significant (p<0.05) values indicated by *). Effect size, r, degrees of freedom, and the non-central 95% confidence intervals (CI) are presented for each calculation. CIs are considered significant when the range of values do not overlap zero. Significant relationships are presented in bold text.
Electronic Supplementary Table (ESM) Table 2. Heterozygosity (H_e), sperm characteristics, conservations status and mating system data for the mammals examined in this study. Species conservation status was determined using the IUCN Red List (En = endangered, Non-en = non-endangered). For brevity we only report results from the IUCN Red List throughout this study, but we obtained qualitatively similar results in all analyses when species conservation status was determined using the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Mating systems were broadly classified as monogamous (M) or polygamous (P). Little is known about the reproductive biology of tigrinas, however as felines are generally polygamous we classified this species as P. Source data are indicated with subscripts.

Trait			Predictor	n	R²_adjusted	Slope	t	p	r	df	CI
All Species
	% abnormal sperm	< 0.001^{ns, *}	heterozygosity	20	0.17	-0.64	-2.23	0.04	-0.47	18	-0.71 to -0.03
	% motile sperm	< 0.001^{ns, *}	heterozygosity	18	0.25	2.12	2.60	0.02	0.54	16	0.10 to 0.76
Endangered Species
	% abnormal sperm	< 0.001^{ns, *}	heterozygosity	10	0.43	-1.17	-2.80	0.02	-0.70	8	-0.88 to -0.13
	% motile sperm	0.75^{ns, ns}	heterozygosity	10	0.47	2.60	2.98	0.02	0.73	8	0.17 to 0.88
Non-Endangered Species
	% abnormal sperm	1.0^{ns, ns}	heterozygosity	10	-0.12	0.002	0.005	1.0	0.002	8	-0.57 to 0.57
	% motile sperm	1.0^{ns, ns}	heterozygosity	8	-0.13	0.88	0.44	0.68	0.18	6	-0.54 to 0.70

ESM Table 1

ESM Table 2

			Heterozygosity			Sperm Characteristics
Species		Latin name	H_e	Number of Loci	N	% abnormal sperm	% motile sperm	N	Status code	Mating system
Carnivora
	Black-footed ferret	Mustela nigripes	0.37^1,2	5-7	7-78	46.8¹⁵	58.5¹⁵	29	En	P²
	Black bear	Ursus thibetanus japonicus	0.52^3,4	6-10	50-67	48.3^{16, 17}	47.25^16,17	4-18	En	P³²
	Cheetah	Acinonyx jubatus raineyi	0.46⁶	82	10	81.6¹⁹	69¹⁹	97	En	P³⁴
	Giant panda	Ailuropoda melanoleuca	0.74⁸	7	22	14.0²²	79²²	4	En	P³³
	Serengeti Lions	Panthera leo	0.47⁶	88	10	24.8²⁴	91²⁴	8	En	P³⁴
	Ngorogoro Lions	Panthera leo	0.40⁶	88	10	50.5²⁴	83²⁴	9	En	P³⁴
	Asiatic Lions	Panthera leo persica	0.08⁶	88	10	66.2²⁴	61²⁴	8	En	P³⁴
	Florida panther	Puma concolor coryi	0.15⁶	84	10	93.5²⁷	38.3²⁷	16	En	P³⁴
	Red wolf	Canis rufus	0.72⁷	4	48	26.4²⁸	71.2²⁸	13	En	M³⁴
	Brown bear	Ursus arctos yesoensis	0.27⁵	15	13	21.8¹⁸	80.2¹⁸	10	Non-En	P³³
	Coyote	Canis latrans	0.81⁷	8	10	12.1²⁰	86.1²⁰	10	Non-En	M³⁴
	Domestic cat	Felis catus	0.68⁶	93	10	29.1²¹	77²¹	16	Non-En	P³⁵
	Jaguar	Panthera onca	0.83⁹	12	6	26.5²³	73²³	6	Non-En	P³⁶
	Margays	Leopardus wiedii	0.82¹⁰	4	25	42.6²⁵	73.5²⁵	3	Non-En	P³⁷
	Ocelot	Leopardus pardalis	0.84¹⁰	4	77	17.6²⁵	81.4²⁵	3	Non-En	P³⁷
	Panther	Puma concolor	0.68⁶	84	10	66.5²⁶	n/a	35	Non-En	P³⁴
	Tigrinas	Leopardus tigrinus	0.83¹⁰	4	46	40.8²⁵	71.4²⁵	4	Non-En	P
Lagomorpha
	Rabbit	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0.46¹¹	29	1-29	13.7¹¹	n/a	1-29	Non-En	P³⁶
Artiodactyla
	Bison	Bison bison	0.63¹²	15	21-40	26.2²⁹	68.8²⁹	21	Non-En	P³³
Primates
	Howler monkey	Alouatta caraya	0.56^13,14	9-11	20-48	29.4^30,31	76.2^30,31	6-9	Non-En	P³⁰

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