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Table 1. SVL and vertebral counts for boid and pythonid taxa. Institutional abbreviations: AMNH, American Museum of Natural History; CAS, California Academy of Sciences; FMNH, Field Museum of Natural History; ROM, Royal Ontario Museum; USNM, United States National Museum. Literature references associated with specimen numbers for individual taxa record maximum SVL.




Taxon

Max. SVL (mm)

Mean Vert.

Specimen Number



Reference

Boidae













Acrantophis dumerili

1423

227

ROM 7720, USNM 497683




Boa constrictor

3129

253

ROM 0953, 1301, 3491-2, 4258, 7182, 7465, USNM 220299, 348597




Candoia bibroni

1460

233




Bauer & Sadlier (2000)

Candoia carinata

1174

142

USNM 348502

Smith et al. (2001)

Charine bottae

743

200

USNM 009255, 523577-8

Ernst & Ernst (2003)

Corallus (enydris) cooki

1374

268




Henderson (2002)

Corallus annulatus

1335

255




Henderson (1993)

Corallus caninus

1530

200

ROM 398, 7498

Henderson (1993); Starace (1998)

Corallus enhydris

1870

275

ROM 4075

Henderson (1993); Starace (1998)

Corallus grenadensis

1625

264




Henderson (2002)

Corallus hortulanus

1787

279




Henderson (2002)

Corallus rushcenbergerii

1870

263




Henderson (2002)

Epicrates angulifer

4000

280




Tolson & Henderson (1993)

Epicrates cenchria

1530

257

ROM 5337, 6850

Starace (1998)

Epicrates maurus

1070

238

ROM 5345




Epicrates chrysogaster

1310

261




Tolson & Henderson (1993)

Epicrates exsul

810

244




Tolson & Henderson (1993)

Epicrates fordi

860

246




Tolson & Henderson (1993)

Epicrates gracilis

905

288




Tolson & Henderson (1993)

Epicrates inornatus

1860

266




Tolson & Henderson (1993)

Epicrates monensis

918

266




Tolson & Henderson (1993)

Epicrates striatus warreni

1411

292




Tolson & Henderson (1993)

Epicrates subfalvus

2000

280




Tolson & Henderson (1993)

Eryx elegans

620

171




Latifi (1991)

Eryx elegans

620

178

AMNH R-143761

Latifi (1991)

Eryx jaculus

825

186




Latifi (1991)

Eryx jayakari

540

177




Smith (1943); Minton (1966); Whitaker (1991)

Eryx johni

920

206

AMNH R-102155, 1022201, FMNH 31319

Latifi (1991)

Eryx millaris

590

186

AMNH R-143764

Latifi (1991)

Eryx tataricus

660

200

CAS 185409

Latifi (1991)

Eryx whitakeri

735

204




Das (1991)

Eunectes beniensis

2830

225




Dirksen (2002)

Eunectes deschauenseei

2501

225




Dirksen (2002)

Eunectes murinus

6218

253

ROM 0950, 1170, 7285, 7340

Starace (1998); Murphy & Henderson (1997); Dirksen (2002)

Eunectes notaeus

3409

244

ROM 7286, 7307

Dirksen (2002)

Exiliboa placata

367

166




Bogart (1968)

Gonglyophis colubrinus

720

181

CAS 225123, FMNH 75214, 224196, ROM 7292-3, 7519




Gonglyophis conicus

885

179




Smith et al. (2001); Minton (1966); Whitaker (1991)

Gonglyophis muelleri

552

175

CAS136230, USNM 320713

Tokar (1996)

Lichanura trivirgata

973

231

AMNH 73360, ROM 7528-9, USNM 220313

Ernst & Ernst (2003)

Sanzinia madagascarensis

1610

218

USNM 220313

Vences & Glaw (2003)

Pythonidae













Antaresia childreni

990

276




Greer (1997)

Antaresia maculosus

1120

267




Greer (1997)

Antaresia perthensis

560

231




Greer (1997)

Antaresia stimsoni

1270

273




Barker & Barker (1994)

Aspidites melanocephalus

2180

337




Greer (1997)

Aspidites ramsayi

2200

289




Greer (1997)

Bothrochilus boa

1200

256




Greer (1997)

Leiopython albertisii

2095

280

USNM 523581

Greer (1997)

Liasis fuscus

2200

278




Greer (1997)

Liasis mackloti

2085

250

ROM 7705

McDowell (1979)

Liasis olivaceus olivaceus

2520

349




Greer (1997)

Morelia amethistina

3450

321

ROM 7507

Greer (1997)

Morelia boeleni

2190

290




Brongersma (1953)

Morelia carinata

1975

289




Barker & Barker (1994)

Morelia clastolepis

2311

306




Harvey et al. (2000)

Morelia nauta

1985

305




Harvey et al

Morelia spilota imbricata

1920

258




Greer (1997)

Morelia spilota mcdowelli

1470

284

ROM 6784




Morelia oenpelliensis

3700

437




Greer (1997)

Morelia spilota spilota

2300

273

ROM 7506, 7508, USNM 523583

Greer (1997)

Morelia spilota "variegata"

2450

284




Greer (1997)

Morelia tracyae

2502

321




Harvey et al. (2000)

Morelia viridis

1600

235




Greer (1997)

Python anchietae

1130

260




Fitzsimmons (1962)

Python brongersmai

1439

172




Keogh et al. (2001)

Python curtus

1630

174

ROM 7288-9,7304, 7308, 7706, USNM 94430




Python molurus

4923

265

ROM 7174-6, 7305, 7309, 7338-9, 7760, USNM 292077

Broadly (1984); Murphy & Henderson (1997)

Python regius

1230

208

ROM 0959, 4255-6, 5517, 6694, 7077, 7219, 7500-3, USNM 523587




Python reticulatus

7384

295

ROM 7177-8, 7180, 7284, 74444, 7684

Murphy & Henderson (1997); Auliya et al. (2002)

Python sebae

5334

276




Fitzsimmons (1962)



Table 2. TBL and vertebral counts for included Rhinotyphlops and Typhlops species complexes.


Taxon

TBL (mm)

Max. Vertebrae

Rhinotyphlops anomalus

400

206

Rhinotyphlops caecus

425

355

Rhinotyphlops crossii

310

317

Rhinotyphlops feae

330

311

Rhinotyphlops gallicus

470

426

Rhinotyphlops graueri

360

382

Rhinotyphlops kibarae

500

370

Rhinotyphlops lalandei

310

222

Rhinotyphlops leucocephalus

220

193

Rhinotyphlops lumbriciformis

445

382

Rhinotyphlops newtoni

390

321

Rhinotyphlops pallidus

265

303

Rhinotyphlops praeocularis

390

358

Rhinotyphlops rufescens

490

448

Rhinotyphlops schinzi

255

244

Rhinotyphlops schlegelii brevis

700

250

Rhinotyphlops schlegelii dinga

817

224

Rhinotyphlops schlegelii petersii

720

193

Rhinotyphlops schlegelii schlegelii

680

206

Rhinotyphlops scortecci

280

255

Rhinotyphlops somalicus

525

339

Rhinotyphlops stejnegeri

465

367

Rhinotyphlops sudanensis

485

408

Rhinotyphlops unitaeniatus

405

332

Rhinotyphlops wittei

310

374

Typhlops angolensis

620

237

Typhlops bibronii

470

223

Typhlops boylei

185

212

Typhlops braminus

170

206

Typhlops caecatus

165

228

Typhlops cuneirostris

189

153

Typhlops decorosus

505

320

Typhlops elegans

420

220

Typhlops fornasinii

155

167

Typhlops gierrai

480

242

Typhlops leucostictus

230

236

Typhlops lineolatus lineolatus

560

214

Typhlops lineolatus tanganicanus

385

247

Typhlops manni

360

301

Typhlops obtusus

356

271

Typhlops platyrhynchus

245

227

Typhlops punctatus congestus

765

206

Typhlops punctatus liberiensis

720

218

Typhlops punctatus punctatus

660

224

Typhlops rondoensis

350

216

Typhlops socotranus

255

226

Typhlops steinhausi

420

255

Typhlops ulugurensis

230

263

Typhlops zenkeri

130

199



Literature cited, suppletmental data


Austin, C. C. 2000 Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of Pacific Island Boas (Candoia). Copeia 2000, 341-352.

Barker, D. B. & Barker, T. M. 1994 Pythons of the World Volume I. Australia. AVS, Lakeside, CA.

Bauer, A. M. & Sadlier, R. A. 2000 The herpetofauna of New Caledonia. Contributions to Herpetology, 17; Society for Study Amphibians and Reptiles, Ithaca, New York.

Bogart, C. M. 1968 A new genus and species of dwart boa from southern Mexico. Amer. Mus. Novit. 2354, 1-38.

Broadley,D. G. 1984 A review of geographical variation in the African python, Python sebae (Gmelin). Brit. J. Herpetol. 6, 359-367

Brongersma, L. D. 1953 Notes on New Guinean reptiles and amphibians. II. Proceedings Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam (C) 56, 317-325.

Ernst, C. H. & Ernst, E. M. 2003 Snakes of the United States and Canada. Smithsonian Institution Press.

Fitzsimmons, V. F. M. 1962 Snakes of Southern Africa. MacDonald, London.

Greer, A. E. 1997 The biology and evolution of Australian snakes. Surret Beatty & Sons.

Harvey, M. B., Barker, D. B., Ammerman, L. K. & Chippindale, P. T. 2000 Systematics of pythons of the Morelia amethistina complex (Serpentes: Boidae) with the description of three new species. Herpetol. Monogr. 14, 139-185

Henderson, R. W. 1993 Corallus Daudin. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 572, 1-2.

Henderson, R. W. 2002 Neotropical Treeboas Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar,

Henderson, R. W. & Barreto. A. A. 2001 Epicrates angulifer Bibron, Cuban Boa. Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles 734, 1-4.

Keogh, J. S., Barker, D. G. & Shine, R. 2001 Heavily Exploited but Poorly Known: Systematics and Biogeography of Commercially Harvested Pythons (Python curtus group) in Southeast Asian. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 73, 113-129.

Kluge, A, G. 1989 A concern for evidence and a phylogenetic hypothesis among Epicrates (Biodae, Serpentes). Syst. Zool. 38, 7-25.

Kluge, A. G. 1991 Boine snake phylogeny and research cycles. Misc. Pub. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 178, 1-58.

Kluge, A. G. 1993a. Calabaria and the phylogeny of erycine snakes. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 107, 293-351.

Kluge, A. G. 1993b Aspidites and the phylogeny of pythonine snakes. Rec. Aust. Mus. Suppl. 19, 1-77.

Latifi, M. 1991 The snakes of Iran. (Ed. A. E. Leviton and Zug, G.) Contributions to Herpetology (7), Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.

McDowell, S. B., 1975. A catalogue of snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II. Anilioidae and Pythonidae. J. Herpetol. 9, 1-79.

Minton, S. A. Jr. 1966 A contribution to the herpetology of West Pakistan. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 134, 27-134.

Pitman, C. R. S. 1974 A guide to the snakes of Uganda. Revised edition. Codicote Wheldon & Wesley Ltd.

Pope, C. H. 1935. The reptiles of China. Natural History of Central Asia. The American Museum of Natural History, New York.

Smith, M. A. 1943 Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Volume III, Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London.

Smith, H.M., Chiszar, D., Tepedelen, K. & van Breukelen, F. 2001 A revision of bevelnosed boas. Hamadryad 26, 283-315

Starace, F. 1998 Guide des serpents et amphisbènes de Guyane. IBIS Rouge, Guadeloupe, Guyane.

Tokar, A A. 1995 Taxonomic revision of the genus Gongylophis Wagler 1830: G. conicus (Schneider 1801) and G. muelleri Boulenger 1892 (Serpentes Boidae). Trop. Zool. 8, 347-360.

Tokar, A A. 1996 Taxonomic revision of the genus Gongylophis Wagler 1830: G. colubrinus (L. 1758) (Serpentes Boidae). Trop. Zool. 9, 1-17.

Tolson, P. J. & Henderson, R. W. 1993 The Natural History of West Indian boas. R & A Publishing, Ltd., Tauton, Somerset.

Vences, M. & Glaw, F. 2004 Phylogeography, systematics and conservation status of boid snakes from Madagascar (Sanzinia and Acrantophis). Salamandra 39, 181-206.

Whitaker, R. 1978 Common Indian snakes, a field guide. The Macmillan Co., India. New Dehli.

Figure 1 (suppl). Phylogenies used in analysis: A) Boiade; B) Pythonidae; C) Typhlops; D) Rhinotyphlops. Tree topologies are based on Kluge (1989, 1991, 1993a, 1993b), Tokar (1996), Austin (2000), Dirksen (2002), and Brubrink (2005) for boids and pythonids, and Roux-Estève (1974) for Typhlops and Rhinotyphlops.







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