Contents sl. No. Topic Page No

1.1 Historical Background of the State

2.1 Primary Education,

2.2 Middle School

3. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in Manipur: A Vision and Mission

3.1 Aims of SSA in Manipur,

3.2 Objective of SSA in Manipur

3.3 Component of SSA in Manipur

3.4 Management Structure for programme

Implementation and Integration with Current Efforts

3.5 Illustrative Management Structure at State,

District and Sub-districts Levels.

3.6 Governing Council

3.7 Executive Committee

3.8 Meeting of the Governing Council and

Executive Committee

3.9 Training of State, District and Block Level

Educational Functionaries and NGO’s

3.10 Preparation of Annual Work Plan and Budget.

AWP&B 2005-06, for Implementation of SSA

Geographically, the State of Manipur could be divided into two regions, viz. the hill and the valley. The valley lies in the central part of the State and the hills surround the valley. The average elevation of the valley is about 790 m above the sea level and that of the hills is between 1500 m and 1800m. The hill region comprises of five districts viz. Senapati, Tamenglong, Churachandpur, Chandel and Ukhrul and the valley region consists of four districts, viz. Imphal East, Imphal West, Thoubal and Bishnupur. The hill districts occupy about 90 percent (20089 sq km) of the total area of the State and the valley occupies only about tenth (2238 sq km) of the total area of the State. Imphal is the capital city of Manipur.

Manipur existed as a princely State in its early stage, involved in disputes with its neighbour Burma (Myanmar ). At one point of time, Manipur raided into the deep into the western frontier of Burma. This resulted in the Burmese invasion of Manipur. Thereafter they conquered and ruled Manipur for 7 years (1819 - 1826).

During this period the then king Gambhir Singh of Manipur took shelter in Cachhar district of Assam. He re-organised the army there, and with the assistance of the British he ousted the Burmese. Slowly, the British started interfering in the administration of Manipur. This developed into a full fledged war with the British, where the Manipuri heroes faced the wellarmed (with guns) and massive British forces with swords and spears. The last phase of this battle was fought at Khongjom and ended on 23^rd April 1891.

The Manipuri forces at Khongjom, led by Major Paona were defeated by the British forces. Many soldiers, including Major Paona himself, had laid down their lives in the battle field. So this day, 23^rd April has been commemorated every year as “Khongjom Day “ and by delcaring a state holiday.

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fter the battle of Khongjom , the palace was captured and subsequently the Yuvraj of Manipur Tikendrajit along with General Thangal were executed at a public place, on 13^th August 1891.This day is still remember and observed as “Patriots Day“. Since from 1891,.After the defeat in the war Manipur came under British rule.

Another significant event is that the first free Indian tricolour flag was hoisted on the Indian soil by the I.N.A. led by Netaji Subashchandra Bose in Manipur on 14^th April, 1944. Again in the second world war, Manipur was in the scene of many fierce battles between the Japanese and Allied forces. Many soldiers and officers of the Allied forces lost their lives in these battles and their final resting places are still maintained in two cemeteries by the British War Graves Commission in Manipur.

In the year 1947 on August 15, Manipur regain her lost political status of a Sovereign independent Kingdom. The Maharaja of Manipur enacted the Manipur Constitution Act ,1947, establishing a democratic form of government with the Maharaja as the Executive Head and an elected legislative assembly.

Shortly after this, on 15th October 1949 Manipur was merged into India through a merger agreement between the Government of India and the then Maharaja of Manipur and ended the era of independent kindgom of Manipur. Hereafter, Manipur became a part of the union India.The State achieved its statehood in the year 1972.

The ancient educational system of Manipur embodied the method of oral teaching and memorising the text by heart. The teaching and learning was effected through oral transmission of knowledge from generation to generation, before it was transcribed in the manuscripts.

Historically, until 1872, there was no primary school for formal education in Manipur. Efforts of Captain Gordon and Major General W.F. Nuthal, the political agents to open vernacular schools failed due to negative attitude of the people towards formal education which was exogenous to their cultural system and social structure. As a result, growth of primary education was very slow. In course of time, Maharaj Chandra Kirti gave his consent to Sir James Johnstone for establishing an English School in 1885 at Imphal. Later on the school was known as Johnstone Middle English School. During 1893-95, four Lower Primary Schools, three in Imphal and one in the hill area (at Mao) were opened. The enrolment at that time was confined to boys only as the parents were unwilling to send their daughters to these schools. Inspite of such prejudice against female education, a separate Girls’ Primary school was established in 1899 at Imphal. Only 12 girls came forward to join the school.

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During 1939 - 1943, education in Manipur was greatly effected because of the outbreak of World War II. It was only after 1944 that few schools started functioning in Manipur. In 1946, a college was established at Imphal in the name of Maharani Dhanamanjuri who donated a large sum of money i.e Rupees ten thousand for the cause of higher education.

After the World War-II there has been a sharp increase both in the number of schools and enrollment in Manipur. In the year 2005-06 the enrolment in class (I-V) was 3,62,999 in 2521 primary schools and that of class VI - VIII became 1,17,370 in 807 upper primary schools.

3. SSA IN MANIPUR : A Vision and Mission

The Govt. of Manipur launched the centrally sponsored scheme of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) with a new vision as a mission mode in all the 9 districts of Manipur viz. Bishnupur, Chandel, Churachandpur, Imphal East, Imphal West, Senapati, Tamenglong, Thoubal and Ukhrul. Unlike in other States implementation of programme under SSA was started in Manipur in the year 2004-05 with the active participation of people at the grassroot level.

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) in Manipur is a multifaceted programme, which seeks to ensure the enrolment of all children in the age group of 6-14 in schools or alternative schools, retaining them and ensuring comparable elementary quality education. SSA is conceived as an essential national programme to achieve Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) by 2010 by creating a sustainable and decentralized educational planning and management system, and invoking community participation in the whole process of the programme. This will be a major experiment of its kind where decentralization and community participation are being put together into practice on a large scale.

SSA has two aspects-

i) It provides a wide convergent framework for implementation of elementary education schemes and

ii) It is a programme with budget provision for the strengthening of vital areas to achieve UEE.

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Sarva Siksha Abhiyan implemented in Manipur has realized the importance of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) meant for children in the age-group 0-6 years and look at 0-14 years of age as a continuum. All efforts to support pre-school learning in ICDS centres or special pre-school centres in non ICDS areas had been made to supplement and complement the efforts being made by the Department of Women and Child Development, Govt. of Manipur to achieve the objectives of SSA.

SSA scheme for Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) in Manipur has been launched with specific objectives as is done in other States and UTs of India with a proper vision and mission as given below:-

1. All children in Manipur should be in School, Education Guarantee Centre, Alternative school, back to school camp by 2005.

2. All children in the state complete five years of primary schooling by 2007.

3. All children complete eight years of schooling in Manipur by 2010.

4. Focus should be made on elementary Education of satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for life in the state

5. Bridge all gender and social category gaps at the primary stage by 2007 and at the elementary level by 2010 in the state, and

6. Universal retention of children by 2010 in Manipur

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There are certain broad strategies central to SSA programme. They consist of institutional reforms, sustainable financing, community ownership, institutional capacity building, improving mainstream educational administration, habitation as unit of planning, accountability to community, priority to education of girls, focus on special groups, thrust on quality & role of the teachers, district elementary education plans, public private partnership etc.

Article3.2 of chapter III of the Framework for implementation of SSA requires that there would be a State Mission Authority for UEE. Accordingly, an autonomous society, the “Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan State Mission Authority, Manipur” has been formed and registered under the Manipur Societies Registration Act, 1987 (Manipur S.R. Act 1 of 1990) for implementation of SSA for UEE. The management structure of the society comprises of two bodies.

i) The Governing Body at the apex for policy formulation with Chief Minister as ex-officio President.

ii) The Executive Committee under the Chairmanship of the Chief Secretary to oversee the implementation of the programme.

The functions under the SSA project management will bear a fresh look and will gear up the jobs in a mission mode and team work. SSA functionaries will comprise of the whole community through their active participation and will ensure the community empowerment and achievement.

With the intervention of SSA, the whole educational management will take a new shape. The existing system is working on certain areas which are mainly connected with routine works. The management system is also large and formal in nature. Now, SSA comes with certain additionality which can fill-up the gaps of performance and management of the existing system. So, interface between the formal and SSA management is essentially required for making SSA programme effective.

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3.5 ILLUSTRATIVE MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AT STATE, DISTRICT AND SUB-DISTRICT LEVELS.

Article 3.3 of chapter III of the Framework for implementation of SSA allows States to have their own management structures, respecting the diversity that exist in these structures across the states.

The State level office is headed by the Commissioner/Secretary in charge of school education and Director of Education (Schools) functions as ex-officio State Project Director (SPD) of SSA SMA. He is the member Secretary of the General body and the Executive Committee.

The District Project Office is headed by Zonal Education Officers (ZEO) functioning as District Project/Mission Coordinators with necessary supporting staff. The lowest functioning unit is at the cluster level i.e. the Cluster Coordinator or Cluster Resource Person (CRP). For the implementation of SSA programme, Implementation and Management Committees are set up at various levels and the lowest unit is the Village Education Committee (VEC).

The number of out of school children and the enrolment of school children are given in 7 different tables under the common heading “Basic Information Data”. These are the informations of 9 different districts of the state for 3 (three) consecutive year viz. 2003-04, 2004-05 and 2005-06.

The Tables 1 & 2 show the no. of out of school children of age group (6-11) & (11-14) respectively of the different districts for the three consecutive years mentioned above.

The total no. of out of school children of the age group (6-14) is given in Table No. 3.

The tables 4, 5 and 6 shows the informations about the enrolment of children in school. The number of enrolment of school children belonging to primary grade and upper primary grade for the three consecutive years of the 9 different districts are shown in Table No. 4 and 5 respectively.

The total enrolment of school children belonging to primary grade and upper primary grade, i.e. the enrolment of Elementary section is shown in Table No. 6.

The total no. of school children of classes (I - V) and (VI - VIII) of the age group (6-14) is shown separately for each class in Table No. 7.

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The tables 1-7 give the status of the school children as well as out of school children of the State, Manipur for the 3 (three) consecutive years 2003-04, 2004-05 and 2005-06.

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5. Progress of different interventions

ANNUAL WORK PLAN & BUDGET (AWP&B) 2005- 2006 FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SSA.

The Project Approval Board (PAB) had approved a budget of Rs. 5015.98 lakhs for implementation of SSA in the State during the year 2005-2006. The SSA State Mission Authority has utilised a sum of Rs. 2045.93 lakhs during the year 2005-06. Out of the total expenditure of Rs. 2045.93 lakhs, the Central share was Rs. 1327.44 lakh and the State share was Rs. 649 lakh for the year 2005-06. A balance of Rs. 69.49 lakh was spill over from the year 2004-05.

Media plays a great role in generating public awareness for education in all sections of the society. Successful implementation of any programme requires public participation through awareness and motivation. With the objectives (keeping) in mind, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, State Mission Authority Manipur has taken a multimedia campaign to make the public aware, motivated and leading finally to the participation towards universalisation of elementary education which is the main objective of the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

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o far, various Trainings/Orientations/Workshops/Meetings have been taken up as a part of building capacity of SSA Key Functionaries of the state and district as well as of community awareness programme throughout the state. Block level sports and literacy competitions have been taken for effective mobilisation of community that opens up the school as a social institution to the community.

Training/orientation/workshop undertaken:

1st phase training programme on Capacity Building of VEC/BRP/CRP was conducted from 6-9 December, 2005 at Khuman Lampak Sports Complex Imphal by National Institute of Administrative Research, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie and SSA State Mission Authority Manipur.

2nd phase training programme on Capacity Building of VEC/BRP/CRP was conducted from 27-30 March, 2006 at Khuman Lampak Sports Complex Imphal by National Institute of Administrative Research, Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie and SSA State Mission Authority Manipur.



2. PLANNING & MIS :
Management Information System (MIS) :
Management Information System is the support system of the SSA Programmes. Under this activity, School-wise and Village-wise information are collected through DISE (District Information System in Education) 2005-06 and Entry of data to the Computer was completed by District staffs at the State Office. Reports were generated and incorporated in the preparation of AWP&B 2006-07. For further improvement of MIS, at the state as well as at the districts, Rs.68.67 lakhs has been provided.

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1. 3-Day Workshop on 32 participants Conference 16-18

Development of Self from State Project Hall of SCERT June, 2005

Learning Materials Office, District Project

(SLMs) for Distance Offices, SCERT, DIETs,

Education programme and BRCs.

2. 3-Day Workshop on 10 participants including Conference Hall 8-10 Sept.,

Finalisation of 12 Self SLM writters and subject of Dte. of Edn. 2005

Learning Materials experts. (S)

for Distance Education.

20 days in-service teacher training for 1411 Primary and Upper Primary Teachers had been conducted in the District level. Details of districtwise achievements are given at Annexure (enclosed).

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School Management, Maintenance & Teacher Grant sanctioned for 2005-06 :

Rs. 121.05 lakhs as Maintenance grant for 2421 Schools, Rs.70.00 lakhs as school Management grant for 3500 Schools and Rs.67.76 lakhs as Teachers grant for13543 Teachers in Primary and Upper Primary Schools have been distributed.

Rs. 121.05 lakhs as Maintenance grant for 2421 Schools, Rs.70.00 lakhs as school Management grant for 3500 Schools and Rs.67.76 lakhs as Teachers grant for13543 Teachers in Primary and Upper Primary Schools have been distributed.

4. Civil Works Progress :

2110.90 978.14 46.34

Sl. Name of Component Approved including Achievement

1. B.R.C. 17 102 17 102

2. C.R.C. 85 170 31 62

3. Buildingless PS 211 527.5 149 170.5

4. Buildingless UPS 61 183 61 183

5. Dilapidated PS 77 192.5 46 115

6. Dilapidated UPS 16 46 0 0

7. Addl. Class Room 292 436 0 0

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. Toilets/Urinals 1136 227.7 587 117.9

9. Water Facility 856 128.5 281 42.14

10. Boundary Wall 64 32 0 0

11. Separation Wall 315 15.75 22 1.1

12. Electrification 199 9.95 0 0

13. New PS 0 0 0 0

14. New UPS 20 40 0 0

Total 2110.9 978.14

5. INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES :

(a) Development of new methods and techniques has been encouraged to achieve Quantity and Quality aspects in elementary education under different activities like ECCE, Girls/SC/ST Education and Computer Education and Rs. 85.75 lakhs sanctioned for this purpose. Residential camps for girls were held at the district level. Pictorial charts were developed in the local dialect of deferent tribal communities as a programme of SC/ST education.

Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) and pre school learning are the most important part in improving the environment and participation of Children in formal school. In this part of life, foundation are laid down for all round development of motor, sensory, cognitive, language, social and personalities of a child.

The State Project Office had identified some new centers at the districts for setting up of new ECCE (AWC) centers at the places where there are no such centers.

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Need based training of AWC/pre-school teachers in all the Districts except Chandel District and Imphal East District have been given for improvement of ECCE.

As per norms of SSA, setting up of Balwadis Centres in uncovered areas are under progress. In some districts, like Senapati, Bishnupur, etc. such scheme is implemented in full swing.

In the meeting of all DPOs, it was discussed at length and resolved to take up necessary action for the following activities as per guidelines and norms of ECCE under SSA :

1. 
   Strengthening pre-school component in ICDS/ECCE centers by need based training of AWC at the district level.
   
2. 
   Setting up of Balwadi Centres in uncovered areas.
   
3. 
   Organising training programme of community leaders.
   
4. 
   Development of materials including TLM for ECCE related activities.
   
5. 
   Development of Database on pre-schooling.
   

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. Integrated Education for Disabled (IED):

1. Medical Assessment Camp has been completed in all 9 districts.

2. Identification of children with special needs (CWSN) have been completed in all 9 districts and so far 7411 children have been identified for the year 2006.

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4. A 2-Day orientation programme has been organized for general school teachers at District level in order to orient teachers for effective dealing with disabled children.

5. We have conducted district level one-day workshop in all 9 – Districts for Awareness and Sensitization campaign of IED to BRP/CRP/VEC/ Teachers.

6. Aids and Appliances have been distributed to 551 children with special needs of 5 hill districts. Further, distribution of aids and appliances to 498 identified children with special needs (CWSN) four valley districts is underway.

Under SSA, there is a provision of providing free text books for the SC/ST and Girls Students reading in Classes I - VIII within an upper ceiling of Rs. 150/- (Rupees one hundred and fifty) only per child/student. So, SSA cannot provide all the text books with this small amount. In the year, 2005-06 as many as 2,71,770 SC/ST and Girls Students have been provided free text books under this scheme.

Text books for Classes I – VIII are printed / published only in Manipuri and English medium Some tribal organizations desire to publish text books in their tribal languages but the State Government has no such provision at present. Text books are distributed a bit late in the year 2005-06 due to law and order problem in the State.
8. RESEARCH EVALUATION MONITORING AND SUPERVISION (REMS) :

(a) Data collection on Household Survey as on 30^th Sept. 2005.

To improve the quality and effectiveness of Educational Planning and Management by collecting various data at a time in the prescribed formats, maintenance of the following Database is absolutely necessary for MIS at State and District levels.

(a) Child Database

(b) School Database.

(c) General Database: Village profile, School Mapping & other required Information.

Meeting :

On 5^th August, 2005 a meeting of State Co-ordinators of REMS and MIS with District Co-ordinators of the same Intervention was held at DE(S) Office, Lamphelpat, Imphal in connection with the Household survey and DISE Data collection.

The Format has some modifications from the model format:1 collection of household information ( Module-9: Micro-Planning NIEPA-New Delhi) after a thorough discussion on the contents of the format and the requirements of information in the context of the state.

Printing of formats has been done at the districts. The number of copies was based on the electoral roll 2005/ the census report 2001 with 10% wastage .

Training- cum- workshop for the district functionaries was held on 22^nd August, 2005 to give a final shape to the arrangement of the survey and thereafter the training of district functionaries was conducted by the District co-ordinators in collaboration with the state officials in the respective districts in the last week of August, 2005 and distribution of the Household Format was done on the day of the training.

The officers mentioned below were assigned the work of liaison for different districts for successful conduction of Household Survey.
1. T. Binodini Devi S.C. ( Plg/ MIS ) Thoubal & Imphal East.

2. L Thoiba Singh S.C ( EGS / AIE) Bishnupur

3. N. Jit Singh S.C ( Com. Mob. ) Chandel

4. T. Guno Singh S.C ( IED ) Ukhrul

5. N. Subon Singh S.C ( Quality Improvement ) Tamenlong

6. L. Ibomcha Singh S.C (ECCE ) Senapati

7. L. Sagor Singh A S.C ( EGS/AIE ) Churachandpur

8. Dr. T. Geetchandra Sharma S.C (REMS ) Imphal West

be done due to lack of manpower.

AIE is implemented in the State mainly in the NGO sector. 60 (Sixty) NGOs have been involved in the implementation of AIE programme. 40(Forty) Residential Bridge Course Centres have been covered. 1008 Non Residential Bridge Course (NRBC) Centres have been opened and 26030 children have been covered. Names of the NGO’s are given below.