Appendix S1 Table 2 Descriptive statistics of species richness, endemic and legume species and bryophytes cover (%) between the four lmt

1 - Unmanaged; 2 - Extensive grazing by sheep with rotation crops; 3 - Extensive grazing by cattle and sheep with rotation crops; 4 - Frequent tillage without grazing. ( c - calcareous, s - siliceous).

Frequency classes: V: 80-100% of the relevés, IV: 60-80%, III: 40-60%, II: 20-40%, I: 10-20%. Species presents only in one column with frequency above 10% were not displayed in synoptic table. 1 - Unmanaged; 2 - Extensive grazing by sheep with rotation crops; 3 - Extensive grazing by cattle and sheep with rotation crops; 4 - Frequent tillage without grazing.

Land management types	1	2	3	4	4
Substrate type (s-siliceous, c-calcareous)	s	s	s	c	s
Number of relevés	21	42	22	13	12
Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of land management type 1
Agrostis castellana	V **	I	I	0	I
Briza maxima	IV **	I	0	0	0
Andryala integrifolia	III **	I	I	0	0
Asphodelus aestivus	II **	0	0	0	0
Serapias cordigera	II **	I	0	0	0
Serapias lingua	II **	I	0	0	0
Tolpis barbata	IV	III	III	0	I
Gaudinia fragilis	IV	II	III	0	I
Holcus annuus subsp. annuus	III	II	I	0	0
Rumex acetosella subsp. angiocarpus	II	I	I	0	0
Constant and dominant species of land management type 2
Avena barbata subsp. barbata	III	III	II	II	II
Agrostis pourretii	I	II	III	0	0
Vulpia bromoides	II	II	II	0	I
Bromus diandrus	I	I	II	0	I
Astragalus pelecinus subsp. pelecinus	0	I	0	0	0
Bromus hordeaceus	II	III	III	0	I
Constant and dominant species of land management type 3
Echium plantagineum	I	II	IV	0	III
Leontodon taraxacoides subsp. longirostris	II	II	III	II	0
Ornithopus compressus	I	II	III	0	III
Coleostephus myconis	II	I	III	0	II
Chamaemelum mixtum	I	II	III	0	III
Vulpia geniculata	I	III	III	0	I
Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of land management type 4 in calcareous soils
Brachypodium distachyon	I	I	0	V **	I
Echinops strigosus	0	0	0	IV **	I
Trifolium scabrum	0	I	I	IV **	0
Aegilops geniculata	I	I	0	III**	0
Atractylis cancellata subsp. cancellata	0	0	0	III **	I
Crupina vulgaris	0	0	0	III **	I
Linum strictum	0	0	0	III **	I
Medicago minima	0	0	0	II **	0
Convolvulus arvensis	I	I	0	II**	0
Daucus crinitus	0	I	0	II**	0
Ononis pubescens	0	0	0	II**	0
Tragopogon dubius	0	0	0	II**	0
Trifolium stellatum	0	I	0	II**	I
Diagnostic, constant and dominant species of land management type 4 in siliceous soils
Rumex bucephalopharus subsp. gallicus	I	II	II	0	IV**
Spergula arvensis	0	I	0	0	III**
Geranium dissectum	0	0	0	0	II**
Others with frequency higher than 10%
Plantago lagopus	I	II	II	II	0
Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. raphanistrum	I	I	II	0	III
Silene gallica	I	I	II	I	II
Vulpia myuros	I	I	I	II	I
Crepis capillaris var. capillaris	II	II	II	0	0
Hypochaeris radicata	II	I	I	I	I
Sherardia arvensis	I	II	0	II	I
Stachys arvensis	I	II	I	I	I
Aira caryophyllea	I	I	I	II	0
Carlina racemosa	I	II	I	I	0
Daucus carota subsp. maximus	I	I	0	I	II
Euphorbia exigua	II	I	0	II	0
Hedypnois cretica	0	I	I	II	I
Plantago coronopus subsp. coronopus	0	I	II	I	I
Pulicaria paludosa	II	I	I	0	I
Sesamoides purpurascens	II	I	I	I	0
Anthoxanthum aristatum subsp. aristatum	I	I	I	0	I
Bromus madritensis	I	I	I	I	0
Briza minor	I	II	I	0	0
Chamaemelum nobile	II	I	I	0	0
Hypericum perfoliatum	II	I	I	0	0
Jasione montana var. gracilis	II	I	I	0	0
Lotus hispidus	I	I	I	0	I
Ornithopus pinnatus	I	I	I	0	I
Spergularia purpurea	0	I	I	0	II
Trifolium campestre	I	II	I	0	0
Trifolium cherleri	0	I	0	II	I
Tuberaria guttata	II	I	I	0	0
Vulpia ciliata	I	I	II	0	0
Aegilops triuncialis	I	I	0	0	I
Anagallis arvensis subsp. arvensis	I	I	I	0	0
Bromus lanceolatus subsp. lanceolatus	I	I	0	II	0
Bromus rigidus	0	I	I	0	I
Cerastium glomeratum	I	I	I	0	0
Chaetopogon fasciculatus subsp. fasciculatus	I	0	I	0	I
Galium parisiense subsp. parisiense var. parisiense	I	I	I	0	0
Holcus lanatus	I	I	0	0	I
Illecebrum verticillatum	I	I	I	0	0
Lathyrus angulatus	I	I	0	0	I
Linum bienne	I	I	I	0	0
Lolium multiflorum	0	I	I	0	I
Lolium perenne	I	I	I	0	0
Molineriella laevis	I	I	I	0	0
Ornithopus sativus subsp. sativus	I	I	I	0	0
Parentucelia viscosa	I	I	I	0	0
Petrorhagia nanteuilii	0	I	0	II	0
Plantago lanceolata	I	I	I	0	0
Rumex conglomeratus	I	I	0	0	I
Sanguisorba verrucosa	I	I	I	0	0
Senecio jacobaea	I	I	I	0	0
Taeniatherum caput-medusae	I	I	0	I	0
Teesdalia nudicaulis	I	0	0	II	0
Trifolium bocconei	0	I	I	0	I
Trifolium dubium	I	I	I	0	0
Trifolium glomeratum	I	I	I	0	0
Trifolium resupinatum	0	I	I	0	I
Vicia benghalensis var. perennis	I	I	I	0	0
Vulpia muralis	I	I	I	0	0
Arrhenatherum album subsp. album	I	0	I	0	0
Bromus rubens	0	I	0	0	I
Bromus tectorum	I	I	0	0	0
Calendula arvensis	0	I	0	0	I
Carthamus lanatus	0	I	0	0	I
Chamaemelum fuscatum	0	I	0	0	I
Cleonia lusitanica	0	I	0	0	I
Crepis vesicaria subsp. haenseleri	0	I	I	0	0
Cynodon dactylon	I	I	0	0	0
Cynosurus echinatus	I	I	0	0	0
Dactylis glomerata subsp. hispanica	I	I	0	0	0
Dactylis glomerata subsp. lusitanica	0	I	I	0	0
Dipcadi serotinum subsp. serotinum	I	I	0	0	0
Diplotaxis catholica	0	I	0	0	I
Eryngium campestre	0	I	0	0	I
Galium aparine subsp. spurium var. vaillantii	0	I	I	0	0
Galium verrucosum subsp. verrucosum	I	0	I	0	0
Gynandriris sysirinchium	0	I	I	0	0
Holcus mollis subsp. mollis	I	I	0	0	0
Hordeum geniculatum	0	I	0	0	I
Hordeum murinum subsp. leporinum	0	I	I	0	0
Hymenocarpus lotoides	0	I	0	0	I
Hypericum linariifolium	I	I	0	0	0
Hypochaeris glabra	0	I	I	0	0
Juncus capitatus	I	I	0	0	0
Juncus rugosus	I	I	0	0	0
Linum trigynum	I	I	0	0	0
Logfia gallica	I	I	0	0	0
Lolium rigidum	0	I	I	0	0
Lolium temulentum	0	I	I	0	0
Lotus pedunculatus	0	I	0	0	I
Medicago polymorpha	0	I	0	0	I
Mentha pulegium	I	I	0	0	0
Narcissus triandrus subsp. pallidulus	I	I	0	0	0
Oenanthe crocrata	I	I	0	0	0
Phalaris minor	I	0	I	0	0
Plantago afra	0	I	0	I	0
Plantago bellardii	0	I	I	0	0
Poa trivialis subsp. trivialis	0	I	I	0	0
Psirulus incurvus	0	I	0	I	0
Rumex pulcher subsp. woodsii	I	I	0	0	0
Scirpoides holoschoenus	I	I	0	0	0
Scorpiurus muricatus	0	I	0	0	I
Silene scabriflora subsp. scabriflora	0	I	I	0	0
Trifolium angustifolium	0	0	I	0	I
Trifolium arvense	0	I	I	0	0
Trifolium cernuum	0	I	I	0	0
Trifolium striatum subsp. striatum	0	I	I	0	0
Trifolium subterraneum subsp. subterraneum	0	I	I	0	0

1 - Unmanaged; 2 - Extensive grazing by sheep with rotation crops; 3 - Extensive grazing by cattle and sheep with rotation crops; 4 - Frequent tillage without grazing. (c - calcareous, s - siliceous).