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Phakopsora euvitis – grapevine rust Why Recent taxonomic studies partly clarified the situation of Phakopsora species causing grapevine rust. It now appears that the pathogen which is responsible for grapevine rust in Asia is Phakopsora euvitis (and not P. ampelopsidis nor P. vitis which are restricted to other host plants). As P. euvitis can cause a serious grapevine disease, the EPPO Secretariat adds it to the Alert List. Where Asia: Bangladesh, China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hong Kong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan), India (Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh), Indonesia (Java), Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyu islands, Shikoku), Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Malyasia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. There is one record in the Russian Far East.
On which plants Vitis (mainly V. labrusca, V. vinifera, but also V. amurensis, V. coignetiae, V. ficifolia, V. flexuosa). P. euvitis is a heteroecious rust. Pycnidia and aecia have only been observed in Japan on Meliosma myriantha. In most other areas, only uredia and telia are produced on grapevine. Damage On grapevine, yellowish to brownish lesions of various shapes and sizes appear on the leaves. Yellowish orange masses of urediniospores are produced on the lower leaf side, with dark necrotic spots on the upper surface. Heavy infection causes early senescence of the leaves and premature leaf fall. The disease can cause poor shoot growth, reduction of fruit quality and yield loss. On Meliosma myriantha, pale yellowish, circular or orbicular lesions appear of the leaves. Small orange-brown dots appear on the underside of the leaf with black lesions on the upper surface. Transmission Spores of P. euvitis can easily be transported by wind and air-currents. Mycelium may persist in grapevine shoots during winter and then urediniospores formed on these shoots become the primary infection source. Pathway Plants for planting of Vitis from countries where P. euvitis occurs. However, in many European countries, the import of Vitis material from outside the region is prohibited. Possible risks Grapevine is an important crop in many European countries, and the possible introduction of a new disease requiring additional treatments should be avoided. P. euvitis occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical areas and it is reported that it is more serious in these areas than in temperate areas. More data is needed on the situation of this disease in temperate areas (e.g. in USA). More data is also needed on its distribution in the Americas, as it has not yet been clarified yet what was the fungus species present there due to previous taxonomic confusions. Control methods are apparently available (use of tolerant or resistant cultivars) and application of fungicides. Source(s) CABI draft datasheets on Phakopsora ampelopsidis, P. euvitis, and P. vitis. Leu, L.S. (1988) Rust. In: Compendium of grapevine diseases (ed. by Pearson, C.R.; Goheen, A.C.) pp 28-30. APS, St Paul, Minnesota, USA. Souza, NS de (2004) [Occurrence of grape rust in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil.]. Fitopatologia Brasileira 29(2), p 226 (abst.). Tessmann DJ, Dianese JC, Genta W, Vida JB, May de Mio LL (2004) Grape rust caused by Phakopsora euvitis, a new disease for Brazil. Fitopatologia Brasileira 29(3), p 338 (abst.). INTERNET ProMed postings. http:// www.promedmail.org. Phakopsora euvitis, leaf rust, grapes - Australia (NT) (2001-08-03) and Australia fights to save vineyards from fatal fungus (2002-11-04) Department of Business, Industry and Resource Development of Australia Web site .Grapevine leaf rust. http://www.nt.gov.au/dpif/plants/plant_health/litchfield.shtml EPPO RS 2002/030, 2003/007, 2006/076 Panel review date 2007-03 Entry date 2002-02 |