Translations from Ukrainian into English language between 1991 and 2012 a study by the Next Page Foundation in the framework of the Book Platform project conducted by Nadiya Polischuk1

General review of Ukrainian literature translations into English allows us to note certain tendencies from the very first glance; they are different from translation process of any other national literature, which is first of all explained by historical and political factors. In their turn, these factors defined the nature of translations strictly by geographic principle, i.e. English-language translations performed on the European continent and beyond. Still, we can objectively state that the latter dominate over the former. In our opinion, there are solid reasons for that, as it is in the United States of America, Canada and Australia that powerful scientific centres and Ukrainian studies institutions are located; those were established thanks to the efforts of Ukrainian intellectuals emigrating to these parts of the world after World War II.

As for Europe, and the United Kingdom in particular, the interest towards Ukrainian studies has always been much weaker: despite the existence of the Institute of Ukrainian Studies and Department of Ukrainian Studies in National British Library (London), Ukrainian studies as such were established only recently, in 2008 in Cambridge University. Therefore, the number of translators working on translations of Ukrainian literature in the United Kingdom and the USA, Canada or Australia is different. The most famous British authors are Vira Rich and Steven Komarnitsky, Sarah Lukacs is already much less known; we can also mention Thomas Moore from Ireland and Robert Jamison from Scotland. If we look at translations from Ukrainian beyond Europe and only selectively, among the most well-known we can name Michael Naydan, Larysa Zaleska-Onyshkevych, Mariya Skrypnyk, Marko Tsarynnyk, Bohdan Boychuk, Yuriy Lutsky, Patricia Warren (Kylyna), Virlyana Tkach, Wanda Philips, Marko Pavlyshyn, Yuriy Tkach, Vitaliy Chernetsky, Roma Franko, Marko Andreychyk, Dzvina Orlovska, and others.

As Maxim Tarnawsky rightly points out, the history of translations of Ukrainian literature into English is rather short and uneven³ With the exception of publishing Ukrainian classical authors, in particular Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko, Lesya Ukrainka and several other writers, Ukrainian literature was published in English extremely rarely. As for translations in the UK, up until 2000 there had not been a single publication of Ukrainian book in English there. Still, it doesn’t undermine in any way several decades of work in poetry translation by one of the most famous British translators of Ukrainian literature, Vira Rich, whose texts were published abroad and in periodicals, especially during 1990s.⁴ In English-language space beyond Europe the situation has been somewhat different. Ukrainian literature has been translated, but the choice of authors has been sporadic and did not reflect the general state and main trends of Ukrainian literature development.⁵

That is why a period encompassing twelve years, from 2000 till 2013, was chosen as the subject of this research.

ІІ. Review of book publishing and translations market in the United Kingdom

Between 2000 and 2013, 20 titles of Ukrainian literature translated into English were published; all twenty publications belong to modern fiction. The books were issued by four publishers: two of them are leading British publishing houses “Vintage” and “Harvill Secker”, one is “Retailer”, and one more is joint British-Dutch publishing house “Glagoslav”. “Vintage” published nine books, “Harvill Secker” – six books, “The Harvill Press” and “Retailer” – one book each, and “Glagoslav” – three books.

If we compare the number of translations from Ukrainian literature published on the European continent and beyond between 2000 and 2013, we’ll observe the same tendency as in the period before 2000, i.e. quantitative domination of translations published in the USA, Canada and Australia over translations published in Europe.

It is worth noting that works translated in the United Kingdom in particular are designed mostly for wide readership; they include intellectual and psychological prose written in the genres of detective and adventure thriller and family drama. These are novels by Andriy Kurkov in translations by Amanda Love Darragh, Andrew Bromfield and George Bird (“The Milkman in the Night” (2011), “The President’s Last Love” (2009, 2007), “A Matter of Death and Life” (2010, 2005), “Penguin Lost” (2010, 2005, 2004), “The Case of the General’s Thumb” (2009, 2003), “Death and the Penguin” (2010, 2003, 2001), separate publication of novels (The Penguin Novels (2006)), “The Saraband of Sara’s Band” by Larysa Denysenko translated by Michael Naydan and Svitlana Barnes (2013), “The Lost Button” by Iryna Rozdobudko translated by Michael Naydan and Olga Tytarenko as well as “Hardly Ever Otherwise” by Maria Matios translated by Yuri Tkacz (both novels in 2012) were published in “Vintage”, “Harvill Secker” and joint British-Dutch publishing house “Glagoslav” respectively; a collection of poetry by Pavlo Tychyna was published in Austria in translation by Steven Komarnitsky (“Poetry Salzburg”, 2012); there was also a quatrilingual (English, French, Russian and Georgian) publication of his poem “Grieving Mother” (“Kalyna Language Press”).

Instead, translations of Ukrainian literature published and issued in the USA, Canada and Australia are more adequate in demonstrating its internal wealth and diversity integrated in problematic, genre and style dimensions: they include poetry, prose and drama, classical and modern fiction, children’s books, literature on religion and theology as well as scientific works (humanities).

An interesting phenomenon is the publication of Ukrainian literature (both classical and modern) in English conducted in Ukraine (mostly in Lviv in such publishing houses as “Litopys”, “Sribne slovo”, “Spolom”, “Klasyka”, “Kalvariya”, “Piramida”, “Vydavnytstvo Starogo Leva”; there are also two publishing houses in Kyiv, “Mystetstvo” and “Vydavnychy dim Burago”); they include both separate authors, mostly poets, and antologies, mono- and bilingual. Among those we can name the following:

а) monolingual publications: poetry collection by Ivan Franko “Withered Leaves” translated by Ivan Teply (2009); antology of works by the youngest generation of writers, in particular Lyubko Deresh, Irena Karpa, Kateryna Khinkulova, Svitlana Pyrkalo and Ostap Slyvynsky under the title “Half a Breath” (2009); fairy tales by Zirka Mentazyuk “Kyiv Fairy Tales” (2006);

b) bilingual publications of separate writers, in particular poets: “Autumn Stars” by Maksym Rylsky (2008); “Great Harmony” by Bohdan-Ihor Antonych (2007); “Flying Head and Other Poems” by Viktor Neborak (2006); “Memory Landscapes” by Lina Kostenko (2002); “Early Lyrics” by Pavlo Tychyna (2000) and collection of prose by Yuriy Vynnychuk “Windows of Frozen Time” (2000) translated by Michael Naydan (“Litopys” publishing house); poetry collections by Volodymyr Tsybulko “Eye on Bell Tower” and “Angels in the Pyramid” translated by Yuriy Tarnavsky (2005, 2001); Taras Shevchenko “Selected Poems. Paintings. Graphics” translated by Vira Rich (2007); small prose works by Vasyl Gabor “The Book of Exotic Dreams and Real Events” translated by Patrick Cornes, Nataliya Pomirko and Oksana Bunyo (2012);

c) bilingual antologies: “In Other Light” – antology of classical and modern poems translated by Virlyana Tkach and Wanda Phipps (2008) and “100 Years of Youth” – antology of Ukrainian poetry of the 20^th century translated by Michael Naydan and other authors.

If we analyze translations of Ukranian literature into English language, which were published beyond Europe, despite similar tendencies in publishing both separate books and antologies, texts for English readership are more complete and diverse in writers. They can be grouped in the following way:

а) separate book publications encompassing translations of both classical and modern literature, in particular: Oksana Zabuzhko (“Museum of Abandoned Secrets” translated by Nina Shevchuk-Murrey (2012), “Field Work in Ukrainian Sex” translated by Halyna Hryn (2011), “Milena” (2006), “Girls” translated by Askold Melnychuk (2005)), Yuriy Andrukhovych (“The Moscoviad” translated by Vitaliy Chernetsky (2008), “Perverzion” translated by Michael Naydan (2005)), a novel by Yurko Izdryk “Wozzeck” translated by Marko Pavlyshyn (2006), prose by Ihor Klekh “A Land the Size of Binocular” translated by Michael Naydan (2004); lyrics by Dmytro Pavlychko “Two Colors the Soul” and Bohdan-Ihor Antonych “Ecstasies and Elegies” translated by Michael Naydan (2012 and 2011 respectively), “The Enchanted Desna” by Oleksandr Dovzhenko translated by Dzvina Orlovska (2006), novel by Olga Kobylyanska “On Sunday Morning She Gathered Herbs” translated by Mariya Skrypnyk (2001), Volodymyr Vynnychenko (“Notes of a Pug-Nosed Mephistopheles” and “Selected Short Stories” translated by Teodor Prokopov (both 2001)), Anatoliy Dimarov “Broken Wings” translated by Roma Franko (2001); prose works by Ivan Franko translated by Roma Franko: “Beacons in the Darkness”, “Behind Decorum’s Veil”, “Fateful Crossroads”, “Winds of Change” published in 2006; novel by Fedir Odrach “Wave of Terror” translated by Erma Odrach (2006) and poetry collection by Lidia Paliy “Woman in the Window” (2002);

b) monolingual antologies of selected short stories, mostly from Ukrainian classics translated by Roma Franko and arranged by gender principle, which was reflected in the following series: “Ukrainian Male Prose: 1880s - 1920s” (“Down Country Lanes” (2008): selected short stories by Tymofiy Bordulyak, Mykola Chernyavsky, Ivan Franko, Bohdan Lepky, Dmytro Markovych, Les Martovych, Stepan Vasylchenko, Volodymyr Vynnychenko; “From Days Gone By” (2008): selected prose by Yuriy Fedkovych, Ivan Franko, Borys Hrinchenko, Hnat Khotkevych, Oleksandr Konysky, Panteleymon Kulish, Bohdan Lepky, Panas Myrny, Oleksa Storozhenko, Sydor Vorobkevych; “Passion’s Bitter Cup” (2004): selected prose by Mykola Chernyavsky, Ivan Franko, Hnat Khotkevych, Yevhen Mandychevsky, Mykhaylo Mohylyansky, Stepan Vasylchenko, Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Sylvestr Yarychevsky, Mykhaylo Zhuk; “Riddles of the Heart” (2004): selected prose by Mykola Chernyavsky, Ivan Franko, Hnat Khotkevych, Mykhaylo Kotsyubynsky, Osyp Makovey, Mykhaylo Mohylyansky, Panas Myrny, Leonid Pakharevsky, Valeryan Pidmohylny, Stepan Vasylchenko, Volodymyr Vynnychenko; one “mixed” antology of contemporary prose “A Hunger Most Cruel” (2002): selected prose by Anatoliy Dimarov, Yevhen Hutsalo and Olena Zvychayna) and “Female Voices in Ukrainian Literature” (“Warm the Children, O Sun” and “For a Crust of Bread” (both books (5 and 6) – 2000): selected small prose works by Olha Kobylyanska, Olena Pchilka, Nataliya Kobrynska, Lyubov Yanovska, Yevgeniya Yaroshynska, Hrytsko Hryhorenko, Lesya Ukrainka);

c) bilingual publication of poetry by Vasyl Makhno “Thread and Selected New York Poems” translated by Orest Popovych (2009);

d) bilingual poetry antology “Modern Poetry in Ukraine and Australia” (Ternopil-Sydney: Krok and Meus Press, 2011) with translations of texts by Sergiy Zhadan, Vasyl Herasymyuk, Yuriy Andrukhovych, Pavlo Hirnyk, Mykhaylo Hryhoriv, Oleh Lysheha, Iryna Shuvalova, Vasyl Makhno, Yuriy Zavadsky, Oleh Kotsarev, Mykola Shpakovsky, Viktor Neborak, Mirek Bodnar, Oksana Zabuzhko, Natalka Bilotserkivets, Kateryna Babkina, Hryhoriy Semenchuk, Petro Midyanka, Halyna Hevkiv and Kostyantyn Moskalets;

e) trilingual (Ukrainian, Russian and English) antology of poems by Ihor Pavlyuk and Yuriy Lazirko (Catching Gossamers. A Double Hot Trick in Poetry: Create-Space Independent Publishing Platform, 2011);

f) an original series of booklets “Modern Ukrainian Literature” translated by Marko Andreychyk: selected poetry and prose texts by Hryhoriy Chubay performed by Taras Chubay (2008), Viktor Neborak, Andriy Bondar, Yuriy Andrukhovych (all in 2009), Taras Prokhasko, Ivan Malkovych, Serhiy Zhadan (2010), Vasyl Gabor (2012).

The main book publications of Ukrainian literature in English on the European territory:

1. 
   Larysa Denysenko, The Sarabande of Sara’s Band. Translated by Michael M. Naydan and Svitlana Barnes. Amsterdam-London: Glagoslav Publishers, 2013. 153 p.
   

1. 
   Irene Rozdobudko, The Lost Button. Translated by Michael M. Naydan and Olha Tytarenko. Amsterdam-London: Glagoslav Publishers, 2012. 191 p.
   
2. 
   Maria Matios, Hardly Ever Otherwise. Translated by Yuri Tkacz. Amsterdam-London: Glagoslav Publishers, 2012. 176 p.
   
3. 
   Pavlo Tychyna, The Raspberry's Eyelash. Ttranslated and edited by Steve Komarnyckyj. Salzburg: Poetry Salzburg, 2012. 120 p. 
   
4. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Milkman in the Night. Translated by Amanda Love Darragh: Vintage, 2012. 480 p.
   

1. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Milkman in the Night. Translated by Amanda Love Darragh: Harvill Secker, 2011. 474 p.
   

1. 
   Andrey Kurkov, A Matter of Death and Life. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2010. 112 p.
   
2. 
   Andrey Kurkov, Penguin Lost. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2010. 256 p.
   
3. 
   Andrey Kurkov, Death and the Penguin. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2010. 228 p.
   

1. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The President’s Last Love. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2009. 448 p.
   
2. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Case of the General’s Thumb. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2009. 192 p.
   
3. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Good Angel of Death. Translated by Andrew Bromfield. London: Harvill Secker, 2009. 384 p.
   

1. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The President’s Last Love. Translated by George Bird. London: Harvill Secker, 2007. 440 p.
   

1. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Penguin Novels. Translated by George Bird. London: Retailer, 2006. 496 p.
   

1. 
   Andrey Kurkov, A Matter of Death and Life. Translated by George Bird. London: Harvill Secker, 2005. 112 p.
   
2. 
   Andrey Kurkov, Penguin Lost. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2005. 256 p.
   

1. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Case of the General’s Thumb. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2004. 192 p.
   
2. 
   Andrey Kurkov, Penguin Lost. Translated by George Bird. London: Harvill Secker, 2004. 256 p.
   

1. 
   Andrey Kurkov, Death and the Penguin. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2003. 228 p.
   
2. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Case of the General’s Thumb. Translated by George Bird. London: Harvill Secker, 2003. 192 p.
   

1. 
   Andrey Kurkov, Death and the Penguin. Translated by George Bird. London: The Harvill Press, 2001. 240 p.
   

The main publications of Ukrainian literature outside Europe are the following:

1. 
   Zirka Mentazyuk, Arnica. Amazoncom, 2013.
   

1. 
   An Anthology of Modern Ukrainian Drama. Compiler, Editor and Co-translator Larysa Zaleska-Onyshkevych. Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2012. 522 p.
   
2. 
   Oksana Zabuzhko, The Museum of Abandoned Secrets. Translated by Nina Shevchuk-Murray. Las Vegas: AmazonCrossing, 2012. 760 p.
   
3. 
   Two Colors the Soul: The Selected Poetry of Dmytro Pavlychko. Compiler, Editor, Co-translator Michael M. Naydan. Cervena Barva Press, 2012. 90 p.
   

1. 
   Oksana Zabuzhko, Field Work In Ukrainian Sex. Translated by Halyna Hryn. Las Vegas: AmazonCrossing, 2011. 168 p.
   
2. 
   Ihor Pavlyuk and Youri Lazirko, Catching Gossamers. A Double Hot Trick in Poetry: Create-Space Independent Publishing Platform, 2011. 172 p.
   
3. 
   Contemporary Poetry of Ukraine and Australia: AU/UA. Les Wicks, Yury Zavadsky and GrIhory Semenchuk, eds. Published as an ebook by Meuse Press and Krok Press, 2011. 126 p. Available at: http://meusepress.tripod.com/AUUA.pdf
   

1. 
   The Essential Poetry of Bohdan Ihor Antonych: Ecstasies and Elegies. Translated by Michael M. Naydan. Bucknell University Press, 2010. 173 p.
   

1. 
   Half a Breath: A Brief Anthology of Young Ukrainian Writers: TEKA Publishing House, 2009.
   
2. 
   Vasyl Makhno, Thread and Selected New York Poems. Tr. from the Ukrainian by Orest Popovych. New York City: Meeting Eyes Bindery, 2009. 126 p. A bilingual edition: poetry in Ukrainian and English.
   

1. 
   Yuri Andrukhovych, The Moscoviad. Tr. from the Ukrainian by Vitaly Chernetsky. New York City: Spuyten Duyvil, 2008. 185 p.
   
2. 
   Down Country Lanes: selected prose fiction by Tymofey Bordulyak, Mykola Chernyavsky, Ivan Franko, Bohdan Lepky, Dmytro Markovych, Les Martovych, Stepan Vasylchenko, Volodymyr Vynnychenko. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. Toronto: Language Lanterns Publications, 2008. 409 p. (Ukrainian short fiction in English).
   
3. 
   From Days Gone By: Selected prose fiction by Yuriy Fedkovych, Ivan Franko, Borys Hrinchenko, Hnat Khotkevych, Oleksander Konysky, Panteleymon Kulish, Bohdan Lepky, Panas Myrny, Oleksa Storozhenko, Sydir Vorobkevych. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. By Sonia Morris. Toronto: Language Lanterns Publications, 2008. 410 p. (Ukrainian short fiction in English).
   
4. 
   Fedir Odrach, Wave of Terror / Theodore Odrach. Tr. from Ukrainian by Erma Odrach. Introd. by T.F. Rigelhof. Chicago: Academy Chicago, 2008. xv, 326 p. (An Anita Miller book).
   
5. 
   Waine Miller, Kevin Prufer, New European Poets: Graywolf Press, 2008. 352 p.
   

1. 
   Oksana Zabuzhko I, Milena in: The Third Shore: Women's Fiction from East Central Europe (Writings from an Unbound Europe) by Agata Schwartz, Luise von Flotow. Northwestern University Press, 2006. 288 p.
   
2. 
   Oleksandr Dovzhenko, The Enchanted Desna / Alexander Dovzhenko. Tr. by Dzvinia Orlowsky. Marshfield, MA: House between Water, 2006. 61 p.
   
3. 
   Ivan Franko, Behind Decorum’s Veil. Selected prose fiction. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Toronto]: Language Lanterns, 2006. 406 p. (Ukrainian short fiction in English) (Ukrainian male authors, 1880–1920).
   
4. 
   Ivan Franko, Beacons in the Darkness. Selected prose fiction. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Toronto]: Language Lanterns, 2006. 430 p. (Turbulent Times; a trilogy, v. 2.) (Ukrainian fiction in English) (Ukrainian male authors, 1880–1920).
   
5. 
   Ivan Franko, Fateful Crossroads. A novel. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Toronto]: Language Lanterns, 2006. 373 p. (Turbulent Times, a trilogy, v. 3) (Ukrainian fiction in English) (Ukrainian male authors, 1849–1920).
   
6. 
   Ivan Franko, Winds of Change. Selected prose. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Toronto]: Language Lanterns, 2006. 334 p. (Turbulent Times, a trilogy. v. 1) (Ukrainian fiction in English) (Ukrainian male authors, 1880–1920).
   
7. 
   Iurii Izdryk, Wozzeck / Izdryk. Tr. and with an introd. by Marko Pavlyshyn. Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2006. xxi, 130 p.
   

1. 
   Yuri Andrukhovych, Perverzion. Tr. from the Ukrainian and with an introduction by Michael M. Naydan. Evanston, IL : Northwestern University Pres, 2005. xiv, 326 p. (Writings from an unbound Europe).
   
2. 
   Oksana Zabuzhko, Girls; a story by Oksana Zabuzhko translated from Ukrainian by Askold Melnyczuk. Boston: Arrowsmith, 8, 2005. 36 p.
   

1. 
   Passion’s Bitter Cup. Selected prose fiction by Mykola Chernyavsky, Ivan Franko, Hnat Khotkevych, Yevhen Mandychevsky, Mykhaylo Mohylyansky, Stepan Vasylchenko, Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Sylvester Yarychevsky, Mykhaylo Zhuk. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. Saskatoon, SK: Language Lanterns, 2004. 349 p. (Ukrainian short fiction in English). On cover: Ukrainian male authors, 1880–1920.
   
2. 
   Riddles of the Heart. Selected prose fiction by Mykola Chernyavsky, Ivan Franko, Hnat Khotkevych, Mykhaylo Kotsyubynsky, Osyp Makovey, Mykhaylo Mohylyansky, Panas Myrny, Leonyd Pakharvevsky [sic], Valeriyan Pidmohylny, Stepan Vasylchenko, Volodymyr Vynnychenko. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Saskatoon, SK]: Language Lanterns, 2004. 349 p. (Ukrainian short fiction in English). On cover: Ukrainian male authors, 1880–1920.
   
3. 
   Ihor Klekh, A Land the Size of Binocular. Tr. By Michael M. Naydan and Slava Yastremski. Northwestern University Press, 2004. 272 p.
   

1. 
   Ivan Franko, Fox Mykyta. Verses in free translation from Ivan Franko’s Ukrainian classic Lys Mykyta by Roman Bohdan Karpishka. Illus. by Edward Kozak. [Lviv; Montreal: Papuga Publishers, 2002]. 156, xii p. col. illus. A free verse translation of all twelve songs of Ivan Franko’s poem Lys Mykyta, with additional material added. A compact disk with narration by Roman B. Karpishka accompanies the printed book.
   
2. 
   A Hunger Most Cruel: Selected prose fiction by Anatoliy Dimarov, Yevhen Hutsalo, Olena Zvychayna. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. Saskatoon, SK: Language Lanterns, 2002. 284 p.
   
3. 
   Lydia Palij, Woman in the Window: A Collection of Poetic Images. Toronto: Libra Publishing, 2002. 47 p.
   

1. 
   Ol'ha Kobylians'ka, On Sunday Morning She Gathered Herbs. Tr. By Mary Skrypnyk. With an introd. by Maxim Tarnawsky. Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2001. xi, 168 p.
   
2. 
   Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Notes of a Pug-Nosed Mephistopheles. / Volodymyr K. Vynnychenko. Tr. by Theodore S. Prokopov. Godeffrey, N.Y.: Guymard Press, 2001. viii, 170 p.
   
3. 
   Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Selected Short Stories. Tr. from the Ukrainian by Theodore S. Prokopov. Godeffroy, N.Y.: Guymard Press, 2001. x, 120 p.
   
4. 
   Anatoliy Dimarov, Broken Wings. Selected prose fiction. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Saskatoon, SK]: Language Lanterns, 2001. 316 p. (Ukrainian short fiction in English).
   
5. 
   Yaroslav Stelmakh, Once in a Strange, Faraway Forest. Illus. by Anatoliy Vasylenko. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Saskatoon, SK]: Language Lanterns, 2001. 95 p. col. illus. (Ukrainian children’s literature).
   

1. 
   For a Crust of Bread: Selected prose fiction by Nataliya Kobrynska,Olena Pchilka, Lyubov Yanovska, Olha Kobylianska, Yevheniya Yaroshynska, Hrytsko Hryhorenko, Lesya Ukrainka. Tr. by RomaFranko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. Saskatoon, SK.: Language Lanterns, 2000. 471 p. (Women’s voices in Ukrainian literature, v.6).
   
2. 
   Warm the Children, O Sun: Selected prose fiction by Olha Kobylianska, Olena Pchilka, Nataliya Kobrynska, Lyubov Yanovska, Hrytsko Hryhorenko, Lesya Ukrainka. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. Saskatoon, SK.: Language Lanterns, 2000. 471 p. (Women’s voices in Ukrainian literature, v. 5).
   

religious and theological literature – 2 publications

1. 
   John-Paul Himka, Andryj Zayarnyuk, Letters From Heaven: Popular Religion in Russia and Ukraine: University of Toronto Press, 2006. 277 p.
   
2. 
   Paulina Lewin, Miracles and Monasteries of 17^th Century Ukraine: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, 2002. 570 p.
   

1. 
   Mark Andryczyk, The Intellectual as Hero in 1990s Ukrainian Fiction: University of Toronto Press, 2012. 176 p.
   
2. 
   Sarah D. Phillips, Women’s Social Activism in the New Ukraine: Indiana University Press, 2008. 206 p.
   
3. 
   Maryna Romanets, Andreas Umland, Anamorphosic Texts and Reconfigured Visions: Improvised Traditions in Contemporary Ukrainian and Irish Literature (Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society): Maryna Romanets Publisher, 2007. 238 p.
   
4. 
   Dominique Arel, Blair A. Ruble, Rebounding Identities: The Politics of Identity in Russia and Ukraine: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2006. 384 p.
   
5. 
   Nikolas Hayoz and Andrej Lushnycky, Ukraine At A Crossroads (Interdisciplinary Studies on Central and Eastern Europe, V.1): Peter Lang, 2005. 269 p.
   
6. 
   C. M. Hann, Paul Robert Magocsi, Galicia. A Multicultured Land: University of Toronto Press, 2005. 259 p.
   
7. 
   Irena Makaryk, Shakespeare in the Undiscovered Bourn: Les Kurbas, Ukrainian Modernism, and Early Soviet Cultural Politics: University of Toronto Press, 2004. 270 p.
   
8. 
   Karel C. Berkhoff, Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine under Nazi Rule: Harvard University Press, 2004. 480 p.
   
9. 
   Timothy Snyder, The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999: Yale University Press, 2004. 384 p.
   
10. 
    Elain Rusinko, Straddling Borders: Literature and Identity in Subcarpathian Rus’: University of Toronto Press, 2003. 576 p.
    
11. 
    Orest Subtelny, Ukraine: A History: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 888 p.
    
12. 
    Myroslav Shkandrij. Russia and Ukraine: Literature and the Discourse of Empire from Napoleonic to Postcolonial Times: Carleton University Press, 2001. 354 p.
    
13. 
    Anna Reid, Borderland: A Journey through the History of Ukraine: Colorado Westview Press, 2000. 272 p.
    

classical poetry – not a single publication between 2000 and 2013

1. 
   Ihor Pavlyuk and Youri Lazirko, Catching Gossamers. A Double Hot Trick in Poetry: Create-Space Independent Publishing Platform, 2011. 172 p.
   
2. 
   Contemporary Poetry of Ukraine and Australia: AU/UA. Les Wicks, Yury Zavadsky and GrIhory Semenchuk, eds. Published as an ebook by Meuse Press and Krok Press, 2011. 126 p. Available at: http://meusepress.tripod.com/AUUA.pdf
   
3. 
   Half a Breath: A Brief Anthology of Young Ukrainian Writers: TEKA Publishing House, 2009.
   
4. 
   Vasyl Makhno, Thread and Selected New York Poems. Tr. from the Ukrainian by Orest Popovych. New York City: Meeting Eyes Bindery, 2009. 126 p. A bilingual edition: poetry in Ukrainian and English.
   
5. 
   Lydia Palij, Woman in the Window: A Collection of Poetic Images. Toronto: Libra Publishing, 2002. 47 p.
   
6. 
   Two Colors the Soul: The Selected Poetry of Dmytro Pavlychko. Compiler, Editor, Co-translator Michael M. Naydan. Cervena Barva Press, 2012. 90 p.
   
7. 
   The Essential Poetry of Bohdan Ihor Antonych: Ecstasies and Elegies. Translated by Michael M. Naydan. Bucknell University Press, 2010. 173 p.
   

1. 
   Down Country Lanes: selected prose fiction by Tymofey Bordulyak, Mykola Chernyavsky, Ivan Franko, Bohdan Lepky, Dmytro Markovych, Les Martovych, Stepan Vasylchenko, Volodymyr Vynnychenko. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. Toronto: Language Lanterns Publications, 2008. 409 p.
   
2. 
   From Days Gone By: Selected prose fiction by Yuriy Fedkovych, Ivan Franko, Borys Hrinchenko, Hnat Khotkevych, Oleksander Konysky, Panteleymon Kulish, Bohdan Lepky, Panas Myrny, Oleksa Storozhenko, Sydir Vorobkevych. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. By Sonia Morris. Toronto: Language Lanterns Publications, 2008. 410 p.
   
3. 
   Passion’s Bitter Cup. Selected prose fiction by Mykola Chernyavsky, Ivan Franko, Hnat Khotkevych, Yevhen Mandychevsky, Mykhaylo Mohylyansky, Stepan Vasylchenko, Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Sylvester Yarychevsky, Mykhaylo Zhuk. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. Saskatoon, SK: Language Lanterns, 2004. 349 p.
   
4. 
   Riddles of the Heart. Selected prose fiction by Mykola Chernyavsky, Ivan Franko, Hnat Khotkevych, Mykhaylo Kotsyubynsky, Osyp Makovey, Mykhaylo Mohylyansky, Panas Myrny, Leonyd Pakharvevsky [sic], Valeriyan Pidmohylny, Stepan Vasylchenko, Volodymyr Vynnychenko. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Saskatoon, SK]: Language Lanterns, 2004. 349 p.
   
5. 
   Ivan Franko, Behind Decorum’s Veil. Selected prose fiction. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Toronto]: Language Lanterns, 2006. 406 p.
   
6. 
   Ivan Franko, Beacons in the Darkness. Selected prose fiction. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Toronto]: Language Lanterns, 2006. 430 p.
   
7. 
   Ivan Franko, Fateful Crossroads. A novel. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Toronto]: Language Lanterns, 2006. 373 p.
   
8. 
   Ivan Franko, Winds of Change. Selected prose. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Toronto]: Language Lanterns, 2006. 334 p.
   
9. 
   Ol'ha Kobylians'ka, On Sunday Morning She Gathered Herbs. Tr. By Mary Skrypnyk. With an introd. by Maxim Tarnawsky. Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2001. xi, 168 p.
   
10. 
    For a Crust of Bread: Selected prose fiction by Nataliya Kobrynska,Olena Pchilka, Lyubov Yanovska, Olha Kobylianska, Yevheniya Yaroshynska, Hrytsko Hryhorenko, Lesya Ukrainka. Tr. by RomaFranko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. Saskatoon, SK.: Language Lanterns, 2000. 471 p.
    
11. 
    Warm the Children, O Sun: Selected prose fiction by Olha Kobylianska, Olena Pchilka, Nataliya Kobrynska, Lyubov Yanovska, Hrytsko Hryhorenko, Lesya Ukrainka. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. Saskatoon, SK.: Language Lanterns, 2000. 471 p.
    

1. 
   Larysa Denysenko, The Sarabande of Sara’s Band. Translated by Michael M. Naydan and Svitlana Barnes. Amsterdam-London: Glagoslav Publishers, 2013. 153 p.
   
2. 
   Irene Rozdobudko, The Lost Button. Translated by Michael M. Naydan and Olha Tytarenko. Amsterdam-London: Glagoslav Publishers, 2012. 191 p.
   
3. 
   Half a Breath: A Brief Anthology of Young Ukrainian Writers: TEKA Publishing House, 2009.
   
4. 
   Maria Matios, Hardly Ever Otherwise. Translated by Yuri Tkacz. Amsterdam-London: Glagoslav Publishers, 2012. 176 p.
   
5. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Milkman in the Night. Translated by Amanda Love Darragh d: Vintage, 2012. 480 p.
   
6. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Milkman in the Night. Translated by Amanda Love Darragh: Harvill Secker, 2011. 474 p.
   
7. 
   Andrey Kurkov, A Matter of Death and Life. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2010. 112 p.
   
8. 
   Andrey Kurkov, Penguin Lost. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2010. 256 p.
   
9. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Good Angel of Death. Translated by Andrew Bromfield. London: Vintage, 2009. 384 p.
   
10. 
    Andrey Kurkov, Death and the Penguin. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2010. 228 p.
    
11. 
    Andrey Kurkov, The President’s Last Love. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2009. 448 p.
    
12. 
    Andrey Kurkov, The Case of the General’s Thumb. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2009. 192 p.
    
13. 
    Andrey Kurkov, The Good Angel of Death. Translated by Andrew Bromfield. London: Harvill Secker, 2009. 384 p.
    
14. 
    Andrey Kurkov, The President’s Last Love. Translated by George Bird. London: Harvill Secker, 2007. 440 p.
    
15. 
    Andrey Kurkov, The Penguin Novels. Translated by George Bird. London: Retailer, 2006. 496 p.
    
16. 
    Andrey Kurkov, A Matter of Death and Life. Translated by George Bird. London: Harvill Secker, 2005. 112 p.
    
17. 
    Andrey Kurkov, Penguin Lost. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2005. 256 p.
    
18. 
    Andrey Kurkov, The Case of the General’s Thumb. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2004. 192 p.
    
19. 
    Andrey Kurkov, Penguin Lost. Translated by George Bird. London: Harvill Secker, 2004. 256 p.
    
20. 
    Andrey Kurkov, Death and the Penguin. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2003. 228 p.
    
21. 
    Andrey Kurkov, The Case of the General’s Thumb. Translated by George Bird. London: Harvill Secker, 2003. 192 p.
    
22. 
    Andrey Kurkov, Death and the Penguin. Translated by George Bird. London: The Harvill Press, 2001. 240 p.
    
23. 
    Oksana Zabuzhko, The Museum of Abandoned Secrets. Translated by Nina Shevchuk-Murray. Las Vegas: AmazonCrossing, 2012. 760 p.
    
24. 
    Oksana Zabuzhko, Field Work In Ukrainian Sex. Translated by Halyna Hryn. Las Vegas: AmazonCrossing, 2011. 168 p.
    
25. 
    Oksana Zabuzhko I, Milena in: The Third Shore: Women's Fiction from East Central Europe (Writings from an Unbound Europe) by Agata Schwartz, Luise von Flotow. Northwestern University Press, 2006. 288 p.
    
26. 
    Oksana Zabuzhko, Girls; a story by Oksana Zabuzhko translated from Ukrainian by Askold Melnyczuk. Boston: Arrowsmith, 8, 2005. 36 p.
    
27. 
    Yuri Andrukhovych, The Moscoviad. Tr. from the Ukrainian by Vitaly Chernetsky. New York City: Spuyten Duyvil, 2008. 185 p.
    
28. 
    Yuri Andrukhovych, Perverzion. Tr. from the Ukrainian and with an introduction by Michael M. Naydan. Evanston, IL : Northwestern University Pres, 2005. xiv, 326 p. (Writings from an unbound Europe).
    
29. 
    Iurii Izdryk, Wozzeck / Izdryk. Tr. and with an introd. by Marko Pavlyshyn. Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2006. xxi, 130 p.
    
30. 
    Ihor Klekh, A Land the Size of Binocular. Tr. By Michael M. Naydan and Slava Yastremski. Northwestern University Press, 2004. 272 p.
    
31. 
    Fedir Odrach, Wave of Terror / Theodore Odrach. Tr. from Ukrainian by Erma Odrach. Introd. by T.F. Rigelhof. Chicago: Academy Chicago, 2008. xv, 326 p. (An Anita Miller book).
    
32. 
    Anatoliy Dimarov, Broken Wings. Selected prose fiction. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Saskatoon, SK]: Language Lanterns, 2001. 316 p. (Ukrainian short fiction in English).
    
33. 
    A Hunger Most Cruel: Selected prose fiction by Anatoliy Dimarov, Yevhen Hutsalo, Olena Zvychayna. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. Saskatoon, SK: Language Lanterns, 2002. 284 p.
    
34. 
    Oleksandr Dovzhenko, The Enchanted Desna / Alexander Dovzhenko. Tr. by Dzvinia Orlowsky. Marshfield, MA: House between Water, 2006. 61 p.
    
35. 
    Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Notes of a Pug-Nosed Mephistopheles. / Volodymyr K. Vynnychenko. Tr. by Theodore S. Prokopov. Godeffrey, N.Y. : Guymard Press, 2001. viii, 170 p.
    
36. 
    Volodymyr Vynnychenko, Selected Short Stories. Tr. from the Ukrainian by Theodore S. Prokopov. Godeffroy, N.Y.: Guymard Press, 2001. x, 120 p.
    

1. 
   Zirka Mentazyuk, Arnica. Amazoncom, 2013.
   
2. 
   Ivan Franko, Fox Mykyta. Verses in free translation from Ivan Franko’s Ukrainian classic Lys Mykyta by Roman Bohdan Karpishka. Illus. by Edward Kozak. [Lviv; Montreal: Papuga Publishers, 2002]. 156, xii p. col. illus. A free verse translation of all twelve songs of Ivan Franko’s poem Lys Mykyta, with additional material added. A compact disk with narration by Roman B. Karpishka accompanies the printed book.
   
3. 
   Yaroslav Stelmakh, Once in a Strange, Faraway Forest. Illus. by Anatoliy Vasylenko. Tr. by Roma Franko. Ed. by Sonia Morris. [Saskatoon, SK]: Language Lanterns, 2001. 95 p. col. illus. (Ukrainian children’s literature).
   

1. 
   An Anthology of Modern Ukrainian Drama. Compiler, Editor and Co-translator Larysa Zaleska-Onyshkevych. Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2012. 522 p.
   

Except translations of Ukrainian literature published as books, publication of texts in periodicals, both printed and electronic, is also productive and rather functional. Among printed periodicals on European continent publishing translations of fiction, poetry is the dominating genre.

Among British periodicals, “The Ukrainian Review” and “Modern Poetry in Translation” were the ones to allocate space for translations from Ukrainian most often. For example, “Modern Poetry in Translation” published translations of classical Ukrainian poetry performed by Steven Komarnitsky. In particular, there was one poem from each author of “Shot Renaissance” period: Mykhaylo Dray-Khmara, Mike Johanssen, Volodymyr Svydzynsky as well as two poems by Oleksa Vlyzko (MPT, Series 3, No. 15 “Poetry and the State”, April 2011); selected poems by Bohdan-Ihor Antonych (MPT, Series 3, No.14 “Poliphony”, October 2010), Pavlo Tychyna (MPT, Series 3, No. 12 “Freed Speech”, August 2009); instead, “The Ukrainian Review” (Winter 2000) published a selection of contemporary poetry translated by Michael Naydan and represented by Sergiy Zhadan, Maryana Savka, Andriy Bondar, Tymofiy Havryliv, Mariya Kryvenko, and Yaryna Senchyshyn. At the same time, poetry translations by Steven Komarnitsky, in particular a selection of lyrics by Pavlo Tychyna, were published in Austrian journal “Poetry Salzburg Review” (No. 16, Autumn 2009; No. 13, Spring 2008).

As for electronic periodicals publishing translations of modern Ukrainian poetry, the best is literary journal “Poetry International” issued in Rotterdam (The Netherlands) as a printed publication of annual International Poetry Festival. Ukrainian poetry is presented there by a selection from 13 authors (Yuriy Andrukhovych, Oleg Lyshega, Halyna Petrosanyak, Natalka Bilotserkivets, Vasyl Makhno, Mykola Ryabchuk, Andriy Bondar, Ivan Malkovych, Oksana Zabuzhko, Halyna Kruk, Sergiy Zhadan, Viktor Neborak, Dmytro Lazutkin) and a range of analytical articles on literary criticism and culture studies from Ukrainian writers and translators of their texts, in particular Michael Naydan, Vitaliy Chernetsky, Olena Jenning, Kateryna Botanova.“KalynaLanguagePress”, a British Internet publication, contains translations of the already mentioned Steven Komarnitsky – a poem by Pavlo Tychyna “Grieving Mother” (quatrilingual publication) and an excerpt from “The Black Raven”, a novel by Vasyl Shklyar. He also translated works by Ihor Pavlyuk, a modern poet (published in the journal of contemporary literature “The Apple Valley Review»” Vol. 7, Nо. 2, Fall 2012⁶ and in “Barnwood International Poetry Mag”⁷ along with poems by Bohdan-Ihor Antonych). Electronic literary journal «3:AM MAGAZINE» published in Paris (France) contains a selection of poems by Yuriy Andrukhovych translated by British poet and translator Sarah Lukacs⁸. Her translations of Andrukhovych’s poetry are published in Internet literary journals “Qarrtsiluni”⁹ with audio texts in the form of podcasts and “Madhatters’ Review”¹⁰.

As for periodicals outside Europe, both printed and electronic, Candada journal “Ukrainian Literature. A Journal of Translations” at http://www.utoronto.ca/elul/Ukr_Lit/ is the most representative; Maxim Tarnawsky is the editor. The journal is entirely targeted at English-speaking reader as it publishes works exclusively by Ukrainian writers giving preference to poetry and prose of contemporary times. In three issues (2004, 2007 and 2011) it published translations of works by Valeriy Shevchuk, Volodymyr Dibrova, Taras Shevchenko, Spyrydon Cherkasenko, Yevheniya Kononenko, Yurko Pokalchuk, Pavlo Tychyna, Borys Antonenko-Davydovych, Vasyl Gabor, Leonid Mosendz, Oleksandr Irvanets, Emma Andiyevska, Taras Prokhasko, Volodymyr Drozd, Ivan Franko, Yuriy Yanovsky, Yuriy Andrukhovych, Oleg Govda, Iryna Vilde, Oleksandr Zhovna, Kostyantyn Moskalets, Bohdana Matiyash, Ivan Kernitsky, Sergiy Zhadan, and Mykola Ryabchuk.

A significant contribution in presentation of Ukrainian literature in English-speaking world is made by a range of American journals concentrating on contemporary literature representatives, equally in poetry and prose. The most influential are “World Literature Today” (excerpts from “The Lost Button”, a novel by Iren Rozdobudko, and “The Moscoviad” by Yuriy Andrukhovych, a short story by Tetyana Malyarchuk “Demon of Hunger”, poetry by Yuriy Andrukhovych, Viktor Neborak, Oleksandr Irvanets), “Metamorphoses” (excerpts from novels “Sweet Darusya” by Mariya Matios and “Servant from Dobromyl” by Halyna Pahutyak, poems by Oles Ilchenko), “International Poetry Review” – its theme issue (IPR, Issue XXXVII 2, Fall 2010) edited by Michael Naydan was fully dedicated to Ukrainian poetry; there are also such journals as “Absinthe: New European Writing”, “AGNI” and many others where Ukrainian literature works are published in translations by Michael Naydan.

Among translations of Ukrainian literature into English, works by two writers were translated from Russian language; however, in this case it was not a Russian translation per se, but full-fledged functioning of Russian-speaking authors in Ukrainian literature, these writers being Andriy Kurkov and Ihor Klekh:

1. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Milkman in the Night. Translated by Amanda Love Darragh d: Vintage, 2012. 480 p.
   
2. 
   Andrey Kurkov, A Matter of Death and Life. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2010. 112 p.
   
3. 
   Andrey Kurkov, Penguin Lost. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2010. 256 p.
   
4. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Good Angel of Death. Translated by Andrew Bromfield. London: Vintage, 2009. 384 p.
   
5. 
   Andrey Kurkov, Death and the Penguin. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2010. 228 p.
   
6. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The President’s Last Love. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2009. 448 p.
   
7. 
   Andrey Kurkov, The Case of the General’s Thumb. Translated by George Bird. London: Vintage, 2009. 192 p.
   
8. 
   Ihor Klekh, A Land the Size of Binocular. Tr. By Michael M. Naydan and Slava Yastremski. Northwestern University Press, 2004. 272 p.
   

Work conditions of translators of Ukrainian literature into English are most important but very little studied and known. In comparison with other countries interested in spreading their national culture and literature beyond its borders Ukraine is extremely passive; any forms of stimulating translations such as grands, programs or scholarships are mostly initiatives of NGOs, private organizations or even individuals and have nothing to do with culture politics of the state as such.

In particular, one example of such activities is a grand program of Open Ukraine Fund, the Book Fund supporting translations of modern Ukrainian literature into foreign languages. Thanks to its financial help Maryana Savka, a Ukrainian poet and publisher, was able to participate in the 25^th International Literature Festival in Edinburgh (Scotland) in 2008; besides, an almanac Contemporary Ukrainian Literature: Review was published in 2009 familiarizing English-speaking readership with the names of leading contemporary Ukrainian writers of different generations: Yuriy Andrukhovych, Lyubko Deresh, Yurko Izdryk, Kseniya Kharchenko, Yevheniya Kononenko, Leonid Kononovych, Vasyl Kozhelyanko, Tanya Malyarchuk, Mariya Matios, Halyna Pahutyak, Taras Prokhasko, Valeriy Shevchuk, Vasyl Shklyar, Maryna Sokolyan, Oles Ulyanenko, Lesya Voronina, Yuriy Vynnychuk, Tetyana Vynokurova-Sadychenko, Oksana Zabuzhko, Sergiy Zhadan as well as literary criticism articles analyzing modern literary process in Ukraine.

Another example is the financial support from a patron and a businessman Dmytro Firtash provided to establish Ukrainian studies in Cambridge University (2008); those are to spread knowledge about Ukraine in the United Kingdom and all over the world focusing on promotion of Ukrainian literature and culture in modern English-speaking world.

Mostly it is still about various support of translations of Ukrainian literature into English provided outside Ukraine. One such example is publication of literary almanac of the youngest generation of Ukrainian writers (Half a Breath: A Brief Anthology of Young Ukrainian Writers: TEKA Publishing House, 2009): prose writers Lyubko Deresh, Irena Karpa, Kateryna Khinkulova, Svitlana Pyrkalo, and poet Ostap Slyvynsky. It became possible thanks to the support of British Council in Ukraine, Forum of Publishers NGO and International Literature Festival in Lviv.

An exhibition of private initiative is the creation of small publishing centers focused on Ukrainian literature translations into English. In the UK, it is an online publishing house «KalynaLanguagePress» founded by Steven and Susie Komarnitsky (it published a poem by Pavlo Tychyna “Grieving Mother” and an exceprt from “The Black Raven”, a novel by Vasyl Shklyar), and in Canada, a private publishing house “Language Lanterns Publications” where antologies and separate books of classical and modern Ukrainian prose were published. Thanks to financial support of Taras Shevchenko Research Association and personally its president, Professor Larysa Zalevska-Onyshkevych, a journal “Ukrainian Literature” with Maxim Tarnawsky as editor-in-chief was founded.

However, first of all the functioning of Ukrainian literature in English translations is possible thanks to unique – in the context of Ukrainian culture – dedicated and tireless, sometimes bordering on heroic, work of translators, including Vira Rich in the UK and Michael Naydan in the US who deserve the greatest honor and gratitude.

If we turn to the issue of translators at least in general, we must unfortunately state that the number of Ukrainian literature translators into English in the UK is extremely small, which explains such minute quantity of translation products in this country. The contribution of Vira Rich (died in 2009) is no doubt the greatest. Ms. Rich is a British poet, translator, journalist and editor of modern poetry journal Manifold. Her work was a real major sacrifice and continued for her whole life; mostly she engaged in poetry translations (both classical and modern poems). Rich’s poems were published in British journals “Manifold. A Magazine of New Poetry” and “The Ukrainian Review” as well as in Munich publication of “Ukrainian Herald: Underground Magazine from Ukraine”. Among a great number of Ukrainian poets whose works were translated by Vira Rich we can name Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko, Lesya Ukrainka (poetry dramas), Mykhaylo Orest, Olena Teliga, Vasyl Symonenko, Vasyl Stus, Ihor Kalynets, and Lina Kostenko; the analyzed period of fiction translations between 2000 and 2013 includes two bilingual publications of Vira Rich’s translations – a fundamental antology of Ukrainian poetry of the 20^th century “One Hundred Years of Youth” (2000) and a full collection of poems by Taras Shevchenko (2008). Among British authors of translations from Ukrainian poetry translation by Steven Komarnitsky also deserves our attention; thanks to his efforts, works by Pavlo Tychyna, Bohdan-Ihor Antonych, modern Ukrainian poet Ihor Pavlyuk were published in English. Poetic works of Yuriy Andrukhovych became available to the public thanks to translations of British poet and translator Sarah Lukacs. Ukrainian literature was also popularized in European English-speaking environment by Irish poet and translator Thomas Moore who translated poems by Ihor Pavlyuk and Scottish poet and translator Robert Jamison who rendered in English the poems by Oleg Lyshega, Ihor Rymaruk, Mykola Ryabchuk, Mykola Vorobyov, Vasyl Holoborodko, and Vasyl Stus. The works by Ukrainian writer Andriy Kurkov, who is popular in the UK, were translated by George Bird, Andrew Bromfield and Amanda Love Darragh.

Among translators of Ukrainian literature outside Europe, Michael Naydan, professor of Pennsylvania University USA) is the most productive. He is a translator of poetry collections by Bohdan-Ihor Antonych (2010, 2007), Maksym Rylsky (2008), Viktor Neborak (2005), Lina Kostenko (2002), Pavlo Tychyna (2000), “Perverzion” – a novel by Yuriy Andrukhovych (2005), a collection of short stories by Yuriy Vynnychuk (2000), a co-translator of novels by Larysa Denysenko (2013) and Iren Rozdobudko (2012), Ihor Klekh, poems by Dmytro Pavlychko (2012), a fundamental antology of Ukrainian poetry of the 20^th century “One Hundred Years of Youth”. Among his translations published in periodicals or antologies are poems by Vasyl Herasymyuk, Natalka Bilotserkivets, Halyna Petrusanyak, Oksana Zabuzhko, Yuriy Andrukhovych, Oleksandr Irvanets, Vasyl Makhno, short stories by Tanya Malyarchuk. His translations of “Sweet Darusya”, a novel by Mariya Matios, as well as prose by Yuriy Vynnychuk, poems by Atilla Mohyla, “Masterworks of Ukrainian Poetry” antology have already been prepared for publication; he is a co-author of translations of works by Hryhoriy Skovoroda, modern female prose, which became part of “Herstories: An Anthology of Ukrainian Women’s Prose”. Apart from translations of fiction, Michael Naydan is an editor, author of forewords and comments to many publications, numerous scientific articles on Ukrainian literature in periodicals, editor and publisher of “International Poetry Review” theme issue (Issue XXXVII. 2, Fall 2010).

As for other translators, we should also mention the names of Larysa Onyshkevych-Zaleska – an editor, author of foreword and co-translator of “An Anthology of Modern Ukrainian Drama” (2012), Marko Mavlyshyn, Yury Tkacz, Vitaliy Chernetsky, Askold Melnychuk, Virlyana Tkacz, Wanda Phipps, Roma Franko, Ulyana Pasichnyk, Patric Cornes; there is also a young generation of translators represented by Marko Andreychyk, Dzvina Orlovska, Olena Jenning, Yaryna Yakubyak, and Marta Bazyuk.

As for the possibility of translators’ professional training and exchange, it is still in the future, as presently such forms of cooperation are not available.

VI. Intermediaries

Among different forms of Ukrainian literature promotion in English-speaking word, the European continent is characterized by greater diversity. Despite a minimal number of Ukrainian literature translators in Europe, they are still more significant. In particular, thanks to several decades of dedicated and self-sacrificial work of Vira Rich, a British poet, translator and journalist, the British reader was able to get to know classical (with Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko and Lesya Ukrainka as its distinguished representatives) and modern poetry (encompassing the whole 20^th century). Apart from indirect familiarization with Ukrainian poetry through publication of translations, Vira Rich also presented it directly, thanks to a range of events dedicated to her translations. The events were conducted under a title “Ukraine: From Mazepa to Maydan” and were held in Oxford and Cambridge Universities as well as during the International Literature Festival in Edinburgh (Scotand) in 2007¹¹.

Ukrainian literature was also promoted among British readership by Steven Komarnitsky, as a cofounder (along with Susie Komarnitsky) of one’s own online publishing house «KalynaLanguagePress», which actively promotes selected names of Ukrainian literature; he also participated in literary readings of Ukrainian literature in English organized by editors of British publication “Modern Poetry in Translation” David and Helen Constantin in London in 2007.¹²

No doubt, an important role in popularizing translated literature is played by publishing houses. In case of Ukrainian literature, the most active – however, limiting themselves with only one author – are London publisher “Vintage” specializing in publication of high-quality modern fiction and “Harvill Secker”, giving preference to intellectual detective stories. They published novels by Andriy Kurkov, nine and six respectively. A certain contribution to promotion of Ukrainian literature on British book market has been made by a small joint British-Dutch publishing house “Glagoslav Publications” issuing translations of fiction and nonfiction belonging to Slavic (Ukrainian, Russian, Belarusian) literatures – as of 2013, three titles were published and four more are ready for publication.