The identification of leaf-mining lepidoptera introduction

səhifə	3/6
tarix	24.06.2016
ölçüsü	178.5 Kb.

1 2 3 4 5 6

COTONEASTER

Lyonetiidae

Mine a long sinuous gallery, often whitish in appearance and often crossing midrib. The egg is laid inside the leaf being injected through the epidermal layer. This feature helps to distinguish it from a Nepticulid mine where the egg is laid on the surface of the leaf [5+7+9-10]……..…………………………………….………….….Lyonetia clerkella 263

Gracillariidae

Blister over midrib, silvery [7+10-4] .…….........................Phyllonorycter leucographella 332a

COWBERRY

Nepticulidae

Mine long, slender gallery with linear black frass leaving clear margins leading to large blotch in centre of leaf, frass heaped in middle [8-5] .……….……Ectoedemia weaveri 43

Gracillariidae

Mine underside of leaf, drawing edges down arching upper surface, occupying most of leaf; upper surface mottled [7+10-4]…………………………..Phyllonorycter junoniella 328

DOGWOOD

Heliozelidae

Mine starts as a short gallery along leaf edge, abruptly changing to a blotch, finally the

larva cuts out an oval hole 5.5 to 7mm along the longer axis. N.B. before the egg is laid

the female makes several ‘practice’ slits, which helps to separate this from the following

species [7-8] .……………………………………………….…….Antispila metallella 158

Mine as above, but oval hole in blade of leaf measuring 4 to 5.5mm along the longer

Axis. There are no ‘practice’ slits at the egg site [8-10].…..….Antispila treitschkiella 159

ELM

Nepticulidae

Mine under bark in small branches, giving vein like appearance along branch [possible two year life cycle] …………………………………….…….…….Ectoedemia amani 41a

Mine compressed into gut like arcs; larvae green [8-9]…………………..……..Stigmella viscerella 95

Frass linear then variable; larvae green, exit hole underside of leaf [8-9] .……………….. ……………………………………………………...…..………….Stigmella ulmivora 80

Frass dispersed, sometimes coiled; larvae yellow, exit hole on top of leaf [7+9-10] ..….... ……………………………………..…....…..………...………….Stigmella lemniscella 63

N.B. S. lemniscella can also make mines similar to S. viscerella. To distinguish between these mines the initial S. viserella mine has a zigzag start whereas the mine of S. lemniscella starts with concentric circles. Also the colour of the larvae is different; S. viscerella is green and S. lemniscella yellow.

Bucculatricidae

Mine a slender gallery with linear frass leaving clear margins; there are two to four frass free projections from gallery which end abruptly. After leaving mine larva eats out windows from underside of leaf [7-9] ……………………….Bucculatrix albedinella 271

Mine contorted at start filled with black frass, may double back on itself forming a small blotch. Mine then straightens, often along vein, finally turning away at an angle. After leaving mine larva eats out windows from underside [5-7+8-10] …(In Britain, at present it is found only at Farnham, Surrey) …………………………Bucculatrix ulmifoliae 274a
Gracillariidae

Mine underside of leaf, subcircular, strongly inflated. Larvae yellow, gut green, pupae in a cocoon usually light green and cigar shaped loosely attached to upper epidermis, often becomes loose when mine opened [7+9-10]…………… Phyllonorycter schreberella 352

Mine underside tubular usually between two veins. Larvae pale whitish green, pupae in an olive green cocoon, remains firmly attached to lower epidermis when mine opened [7+9-10] .…………………………………………………Phyllonorycter tristrigella 356

Lyonetiidae

Mine a long sinuous gallery, often whitish in appearance and often crossing midrib. The

egg is laid inside the leaf being injected through the epidermal layer. This feature helps to

distinguish it from a Nepticulid mine where the egg is laid on the surface of the leaf

[5+7+9-10]……..…………………………………….………….….Lyonetia clerkella 263

ENCHANTER’S NIGHTSHADE

Momphidae

Mine starts as an irregular gallery leading to a blotch with black frass. Larva changes leaf making a short gallery before returning to blotch feeding [6-7] ….Mompha langiella 880

Mine starts as a narrow gallery forming circles and/or semi-circles round egg site. Larva leaves mine making a new mine of large pale blotches on same leaf or adjacent leaf [8-9]

…………………………………………………..……………….Mompha terminella 881

FAT HEN, GOOSEFOOT AND ORACHE

Gelechiidae

Mine a contorted gallery which often forms a gut like formation with green or black frass. The gallery may merge with early workings forming a blotch. Egg on upperside of leaf, most probably near mid-rib. Larva can change leaves if original leaf completely mined out [7-8+9] …………………….Chrysoesthia drurella 746

Mine a slender gallery leading to a whitish blotch; most of the frass is ejected from the mine. Egg on underside of leaf. Larva can change leaves if original leaf completely mined out [6+9-10] ….………………..Chrysoesthia sexguttella 747

GORSE

Gracillariidae

Mine long in epidermis of green bark of a thin twig, mine surface with longitudinal folds; very difficult to find [9-5] .………………………………... Phyllonorycter uliciolella 339

GUELDER ROSE

Gracillariidae

Mine underside between two lateral veins, a strong pucker in upperside of leaf [7+9-4]

…………………………………………….………….……..Phyllonorycter lantanella 331
Hairy greenweed

Gracillariidae

Mine upperside, folding upwards resembling a pod almost concealing mine; frass packed at tip of leaf (Cornwall only) [5-6+7-8+9-10]…Phyllonorycter staintoniella 340a

HAWTHORN

Lyonetiidae

Mine a brown circular blotch with the frass forming darker spiral markings in the centre. Egg laid well away from margin [8-9]…………..………….…Leucoptera malifoliella 260

Mine a fine gallery with reddish frass leading to a large blotch where frass is dispersed. Blotch may be separated from mine, occasionally on a different leaf. Not recorded in Britain since 1902. [7-8] …………………………………..…. Lyonetia prunifoliella 262

Mine a long sinuous gallery, often whitish in appearance and often crossing midrib. The egg is laid inside the leaf being injected through the epidermal layer. This feature helps to distinguish it from a Nepticulid mine where the egg is laid on the surface of the leaf [5+7+9-10] .…………………………………………..…………….Lyonetia clerkella 263
Bucculatricidae

Mine short contorted, linear black frass, close to a major vein. Later the larva eats out windows from upperside [7-8]………………………..…….Bucculatrix bechsteinella 275

Gracillariidae

1 Creased mine under leaf lower epidermis green (c. 9mm long) [7+9-10] ……………….. ……………………….….….. ……………………………Phyllonorycter oxyacanthae 323

Creased mine under leaf lower epidermis brown, (c. 6mm long) later edge of leaf turned under & silk visible, often both stages of mine on same leaf [7+8-9] ................................ ……………………………………………………………………..Parornix anglicella 303

Blister on top of leaf …………………………….……….……………………………….2

2 Blister anywhere on upper surface of leaf, flecked with blackish frass [7+9-10] ……..…..

……………………………………………….…………..Phyllonorycter corylifoliella 332

Blister over midrib, silvery [7+10-4] .………………..Phyllonorycter leucographella 332a

Nepticulidae

No	Name	Position of egg	Mine	Larvae
82	Stigmella paradoxa	Underside - about 1mm form tip of lobe	A more or less circular blotch, with frass in a black central mass [7+10-4]	Greenish white; head dark brown.
79	Stigmella perpygmaeella	Usually on top beside the midrib. Difficult to find.	Gallery slender; broken linear frass following rib or leaf margin usually reverses direction; may go down petiole. Makes a false blotch, compact frass near the beginning of blotch, may be coiled. [7+10]	Pale yellow, head brown
100	Stigmella oxyacanthella	Underside, usually close to a rib.	Long slender gallery following rib or leaf margin with linear frass sometimes going down petiole. Mine becomes broad filled with coiled reddish frass. Mine long, not forming blotch, but often making hairpin bends. [9-10]	Bright green, head pale brown to dark grey.
108	Stigmella crataegella	Underside, usually near midrib at base of leaf.	Mine starts slender with linear frass, usually following rib or leaf margin or along petiole. Gallery broadens abruptly with now coiled frass filling the gallery, before finishing with a central line. Gallery doubles back on itself forming a false blotch. [6-8]	Bright green, head green.
99	Stigmella hybnerella	Almost always underside beside a vein away from the margin.	Starts as a slender more or less direct gallery, with black linear frass and narrow clear margins. Larva now changes to blotch feeding, usually near leaf margin. [5-6+8-9]	Whitish with faint yellow tinge, head brown.
107	Stigmella regiella	Underside near margin	Narrow gallery with reddish frass following leaf margin expands abruptly into blotch with blackish frass deposited irregularly in centre. Blotch often absorbing earlier workings. [8-11]	Yellow, head pale brown. Cephalic ganglia conspicuous.
29	Ectoedemia atricollis	Underside	Starts as an erratic gallery zigzagging to and fro in a small area near the egg. The mine then usually follows the leaf margin, filled with frass which leads to a blotch with the frass scattered. [8-10]	Whitish, gut dark green or reddish

HAZEL

Gracillariidae

Blister on top of leaf [7+9-10] .………………………………. Phyllonorycter coryli 342

Small subrectangular mine (c. 10mm long) larvae feeds later in a rolled leaf edge [7+9] ..

………………………………………………………….………..Parornix devoniella 304

Long mine between veins (15-20mm) with strong central fold [7+9-10]………………….

……………………………………………………….………..Phyllonorycter nicellii 359

HAZEL AND HORNBEAM

Eriocraniidae (May)

A blotch mine eating out all the parenchyma, frass black in long inter-twining threads,

late April to early June [4-6] .………………………….…….Eriocania chrysolepidella 7

Nepticulidae

Mine highly contorted, staining leaf brown, leading to large blotch with early mine in

Corner [7-9]..…………………………………………….….....Ectoedemia minimella 35

Early mine with greenish frass later irregular and wider than larvae [6-7+9-10]…………

…………………………………………………………….…….Stigmella floslactella 75

Early mine with black linear frass tending to follow veins width of larvae [6-7+9-11] ….. …………………………………………………….…….…..Stigmella microtheriella 111

HORNBEAM

Gracillariidae

1 Mine on upperside of leaf [7+9-10] .…………………….…Phyllonorycter esperella 343

Mine on underside of leaf ………………………………..………………………………2
2 Mine subrectangular, distinctly inflated with a strong central crease, epidermis mottled; all parenchyma consumed but nervures remain, larva feeds later in a folded leaf-edge usually making two such folds [6-7+9-10] ..…………..………...Parornix carpinella 302a

Mine elongate between veins, strongly spun and arched; without reticulated appearance;

lower epidermis green [6-7+9-10] .…………………..…….. Phyllonorycter tenerella 318
HONEYSUCKLE

Gracillariidae

Mine underside, large occupying whole of leaf, strong folds in lower epidermis puckering leaf [7+9-10] ……………………………..…….…..Phyllonorycter emberizaepenella 354

Mine underside, small, occupying part of leaf which is often twisted into a cone; also may produce a mine on upperside of leaf, but this is a rare aberration [3-4+7-8+10] ………….

………………………………………………………..…… Phyllonorycter trifasciella 361

1 2 3 4 5 6