Table 1. Medical uses of six different plants in the regions of Siby and Dioila; Mali.
Consensus, as percentages and number of citations, is written in parenthesis for the medicinal indications for each plant (including the Loranthus spp.).
Indications
|
Plants parts used
|
Mode of preparation
|
Added substances
|
Mode of administration
|
Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch. (Oxalidaceae)
|
Cerebral malaria (58.1 % =18 )
|
Plant (15)
|
Powder (9)
|
Mixed with shea-butter / water / oil (8).
|
The mixture is applied onto the body.
|
|
|
|
|
Water and shea-butter (1)
|
Split into 2 parts. Infusion in water, body wash and mix with shea-butter, apply onto the body.
|
|
|
|
Decoction and powder (4)
|
Mixed with shea-butter / water / oil.
|
Oral and/or body bath and the mixture is applied onto the body.
|
|
|
|
Decoction (2)
|
Combretum glutinosum Hochst. ex A.Rich. (optionally).
|
Oral and body bath.
|
|
|
Leaves and Plant (2)
|
Decoction and powder
|
Shea-butter / oil.
|
Body bath. The mixture is applied onto the body.
|
|
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath. If infants are ill, wash the mother’s breasts.
|
Pain (9.7 % = 3):
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Pain when urinating
|
Plant
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral
|
|
-Stomachache (children)
|
Plant
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral
|
|
-Muscle pain
|
Unknown
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Bite (6.5 % = 2):
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Snakebite (wound healing)
|
Plant
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral, wash of bite
|
|
-Insect- / Snakebite
|
Plant
|
Powder
|
Oil
|
Wash of bite
|
Scared children / sleeplessness (6.5 % = 2)
|
Plant
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral, eye wash
|
Aphrodisiac
(3.2 % =1)
|
Plant
|
Powder
|
Salt and water (optionally).
|
Oral
|
Diarrhoea / weakness (3.2 % =1)
|
Plant
|
Infusion
|
|
Oral
|
Increase appetite (3.2 % =1)
|
Plant
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body wash
|
Measles (3.2 % =1)
|
Plant
|
Powder
|
|
Oral and body wash
|
Teething (3.2 % =1)
|
Plant
|
Powder
|
Water
|
Oral
|
Tonic (children) (3.2 % =1)
|
Plant
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body wash (large amounts are needed).
|
Cola cordifolia Sim. (Sterculiaceae)
|
Pain (35.1 % = 13):
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Headache (6):
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Severe headache (4)
|
Leaves and Loranthus spp.(2)
|
Decoction Powder
|
|
Inhale steam, wash head and throw powder into fire, inhale smoke.
|
|
|
Leaves and stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral
|
|
|
Stem bark and Loranthus spp.
|
Powder
|
|
Thrown into fire, inhale smoke.
|
|
*Headache (2)
|
Stem bark (from N-, E-, S-, W-side of the tree)
|
Decoction
|
Sea salt (optionally)
|
Wash head or steam bath of head
|
|
-General pain (3)
|
Stem bark (from E- and W-side of the tree)
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and/or body bath
|
|
-Chest pain (2)
|
Stem bark (from N-, E-, S-, W-side of the tree)
|
Decoction
|
|
Body bath and apply a piece of stem bark to the chest.
|
|
|
Branches
|
Burned
|
Butter from Butyrospermum parkii Kotschy.
|
Mixture of ash and butter is applied.
|
|
-Backache
|
Stem bark
|
Powder
|
Butter from Butyrospermum parkii Kotschy.
|
Mixture is massaged into the painful areas.
|
|
-Stomachache
|
Stem bark (from E- and W-side of the tree)
|
Decoction
|
Sea salt
|
Oral
|
Fever (adults and children) (13.5 % = 5)
|
Stem bark (2)
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and/or body bath
|
|
|
Leaves and stem bark (E-side of the tree)
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
|
Leaves, roots and stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
|
Leaves and stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
Diarrhoea
(10.8 % = 4):
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Diarrhoea (and coughing ) (3)
|
Stem bark (2)
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
|
Leaves and stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
-Diarrhoea (children)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
Malaria (2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Body bath
|
Old wounds
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
2 parts: 1) soaked in water 2) burned
|
|
Wound is washed with water and then covered with ash.
|
Asthma (2.7 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Soaked in water for 7 days
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
Prevention of death of children
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Decoction
|
(Is used to prevent that another child dies if a child have died when it was carried at the mothers back).
|
Body wash
|
Prevention of death of premature children (2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Powder
|
Stem bark from the Baba tree and water. Food.
|
Body wash, consume
|
Low semen production
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark (E- and W-side of tree)
|
Powder
|
Sea salt and water.
|
Oral
|
Oedema (2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Powder
|
Water, patient should not eat sugar, salt or milk during the treatment.
|
Oral
|
Schistosomiasis
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Roots (E- and W-side of tree)
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body wash
|
Swelling of the testis (2.7 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
Leaves from an unknown plant.
|
Steam bath of the testis
|
Quicker recovery after childbirth
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark (E- and W-side of tree)
|
Decoction
|
|
Steam bath, oral and body bath.
|
Loranthus spp. of Cola cordifolia
|
Weight loss and malnutrition or patient sleeps a lot
(5.4 % = 2)
|
Loranthus spp.
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral or steam bath and body bath
|
Cerebral malaria
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Loranthus spp.
|
Powder
|
Water
|
Oral and body bath.
|
Old wounds
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Loranthus spp.
|
Powder
|
Mud.
|
The wound is washed and the mixture is applied onto the wound.
|
Female infertility
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Loranthus spp.
|
Powder
|
Drink
|
Oral
|
Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don. (Combretaceae)
|
Malaria
(62.5 % = 25):
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malaria (23)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction (18)
|
|
Oral and/or body bath and/or steam bath
|
|
|
|
Decoction (2)
|
Leaves from Nauclea latifolia Blanco. (optionally).
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
|
|
Decoction
|
Leaves from Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Baill.
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
|
|
Decoction
|
4 sliced lemons.
|
Oral
|
|
|
|
Decoction
|
Leaves from Combretum micranthum G.Don. and stem bark from Khaya senegalensis A.Juss.
|
Oral
|
|
Malaria in children (2)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
|
Leaves and stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral
|
Pain (12.5 % = 5):
|
|
|
|
|
|
Chest pain
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
Chest pain in malaria
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
Generalized pain
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Steam bath, oral and body bath
|
|
Headache
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Steam bath and body bath.
|
|
Stomachache
|
Leaves
|
Powder
|
Root from Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Baill.
|
Oral
|
Impotence
(2.5 % = 1)
|
Root bark and root
|
Powder
|
Sea salt, drink.
|
Oral
|
Madness / Aggressive behavior
(2.5 % = 1)
|
Leaves and roots
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
Schistosomiasis
(2.5 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Soaked in water
|
|
Oral
|
Vomiting (2.5 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral. If the patient has joint pains, body bath.
|
Loranthus spp. of Combretum molle
|
Headache
(7.5 % = 3)
|
Loranthus spp.
|
Powder
|
|
The powder is thrown into the fire before bedtime and the smoke is inhaled
|
Malaria (2.5 % = 1)
|
Loranthus spp.
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
Infertility (2.5 % = 1)
|
Loranthus spp.
|
Powder
|
Water (optionally)
|
The powder is either thrown into the fire and the smoke inhaled or used in body bath.
|
Nightmare
(2.5 % = 1)
|
Loranthus spp.
|
Powder
|
Water (optionally)
|
The powder is either thrown into the fire and the smoke inhaled or used in body bath.
|
Opilia celtidifolia Endl. ex Walp (Opiliaceae)
|
Dermatitis:
(51.6 % = 16)
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Dermatitis (10)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction (7)
|
|
Body wash
|
|
|
|
Decoction
|
Roots / leaves / flowers from an unknown plant
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
|
|
Powder (2)
|
Oil
|
The mixture is applied onto the body.
|
|
-Dermatitis with small wounds (6)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction (3)
|
|
Body wash (and oral)
|
|
|
|
Decoction and powder (3)
|
|
Body wash (and oral) and apply powder to wounds.
|
Flatulence
(6.5 % = 2)
|
Roots
|
Powder
|
Water
|
Oral. Side effect: Diarrhoea.
|
|
Leaves and roots
|
Decoction or powder
|
Food.
|
Oral and body wash or consume. Side effect: Diarrhoea and vomiting.
|
Internal worm
(6.5 % = 2)
|
Plant
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral. Overdose => Diarrhoea
|
|
Leaves
|
Decoction or powder
|
Milk or bananas
|
Oral
|
Malaria (6.5 % = 2)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral
|
Pain (6.5 % = 2):
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Muscle pain
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Body wash
|
|
-Stomachache / constipation
|
Roots
|
Powder
|
|
Oral
|
Anorexia (3.2 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body wash
|
Fever (3.2 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Body wash. Do not drink => side effect: Diarrhoea.
|
Icterus (3.2 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral
|
Oedema (3.2 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction or powder
|
Water
|
Steam bath and body bath or body bath
|
Rheumatism
(3.2 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
-Body wash with a traditional soap before body wash with decoction.
|
Tonic (3.2 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body wash.
|
Wound healing
(3.2 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction and powder
|
|
Body wash and apply powder to wounds.
|
Parkia biglobosa Benth. (Leguminosae)
|
Wounds
(16.2 % = 6):
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Gastric ulcer (2)
|
Stem bark
|
Powder
|
Water (optionally)
|
Oral
|
|
-Wound healing (2)
|
Stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Wash the wounds
|
|
-Internal wounds
|
Stem bark
|
Powder
|
|
Oral
|
|
-Cold sore
|
Unknown
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Pain (10.8 % = 4):
|
|
|
|
|
|
Backache (2)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Steam bath of sore area.
|
|
|
Stem bark
|
Decoction
|
Root of Entada africana Guill. & Perr.
|
Oral and body bath.
|
|
Chest pain (children)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath.
|
|
Muscle pain
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and massage onto the sore area.
|
Fungal infection
(8.1 % = 3)
|
Stem bark (E- and W-side from tree)
|
Decoction
|
Stem bark from Butyrospermum parkii Kotschy. (E- and W-side from both trees) (Optionally)
|
Oral or Oral and wash of anus or Oral and wash of infected area.
|
Throat infection
(5.4 % = 2)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
Sea salt
|
Sea salt is placed on the back of the tongue. Steam bath of mouth.
|
|
|
|
Powder
|
Water
|
Gargle
|
Liver infection
(5.4 % = 2)
|
Stem bark (and root)
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
Malaria (5.4 % = 2)
|
Fruit
|
Powder
|
Water
|
A paste is made
|
|
|
Stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
Polymenorrhea
(5.4 % = 2)
|
Sap
|
Burned, powder
|
|
Oral
|
|
|
Stem bark (from E- and W-side of tree)
|
Decoction
|
White cola nut.
|
Oral
|
Amenorrhea
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark and old fruits
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body bath
|
Caries (2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Mouthwash
|
Chronic constipation
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Decoction
|
3-4 pieces of lemon (squeezed)
|
Oral
|
Cough / short of breath after work
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Powder
|
Stem bark from Butyrospermum parkii Kotschy. Sea salt, water.
|
Oral
|
Dysentery
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Decoction
|
Sea salt.
|
Oral
|
Headache
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Powder
|
|
Powder is thrown into fire and smoke inhaled.
|
Hemorrhoids
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Powder
|
Hot water
|
Drink 1 part and fill en enema with the other part.
|
Hiccups (2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Powder
|
|
Oral
|
Malnutrition (children)
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Body wash
|
Prevent epidemic (children)
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral and body wash
|
Prophylaxis against infection / diseases (2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Body bath
|
Protection against airborne diseases (children)
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Leaves (from a young tree)
|
Decoction
|
|
Body bath
|
Sexual infection
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Stem bark
|
Powder
|
Stem bark from Alternanthera repens (L.) Link. Water and butter (optionally).
|
Oral and genital wash. If itch mix some powder with butter and apply.
|
Swelling of genitals (2.7 % = 1)
|
Sap
|
Burned, powder
|
Butter from Butyrospermum parkii Kotschy.
|
The mixture is applied to the swollen parts.
|
Unknown disease (2.7 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Steam bath and body bath
|
Loranthus spp. of Parkia biglobosa
|
Gastric ulcer
(2.7 % = 1)
|
Loranthus spp.
|
Powder
|
Root from Lannea microcarpa Engl. & K.Krause. Water.
|
Oral
|
Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)
|
Throat infection (12.8 % = 5)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
Sea salt (optionally), Chilli-powder (optionally).
|
Sea salt and chilli are placed on the back of the tongue. Steam bath of mouth (and oral)
|
Malaria
(12.8 % = 5):
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Malaria (2)
|
Root bark
|
Powder
|
|
Oral
|
|
|
Root
|
Powder
|
|
Oral
|
|
-Cerebral malaria (3)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
Leaves from Sida spp.
|
Oral and body bath
|
|
|
Leaves and stem bark
|
Decoction
|
|
Wash head and oral
|
|
|
Leaves and roots
|
Decoction
|
|
Steam bath and oral
|
Dysmenorrhoea (10.3 % = 4)
|
Roots
|
Powder (2)
|
Water
|
Oral
|
|
|
|
|
Fruit from Aframomum melegueta K.Schum. Sea salt.
|
Add to drink
|
|
|
|
Decoction (2)
|
Roots from Bridelia ferruginea Benth., Cassia sieberiana DC., Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen. and Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Baill. Sea salt and rice.
|
Oral
Oral and body bath
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anxiety (7.8 % = 3)
|
|
|
|
|
|
-Anxiety / nervousness (2)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
Sea salt
|
Oral or sea salt is placed on the back of the tongue. Inhale steam
|
|
-Nightmare / anxiety in children
|
Root or the Loranthus spp.
|
Powder
|
|
Body bath
|
Caries (5.1 % = 2)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Steam bath of mouth and mouth wash.
|
Schistosomiasis
|
Root
|
Powder
|
Water
|
Oral
|
|
(5.1 % = 2)
|
Root bark
|
Powder
|
Water
|
Oral
|
Stomachache
|
Root
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral
|
|
(5.1 % = 2)
|
|
Powder
|
Water
|
Oral
|
Amenorrhoea
(5.1 % = 2)
|
Root
|
Mashed, divided into 2. Sundry one part – decoction. Shadow-dry one part - powder
|
Part 2 in drink
|
Oral
|
Constipation
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Powder
|
Water
|
Oral
|
Diarrhoea
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Powder
|
Cultured milk.
|
Oral
|
Dysentery
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Powder
|
Drink
|
Oral
|
Eye infection
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Face wash
|
Flatulence
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Root bark
|
Powder
|
Sea salt
|
Oral
|
Gastric ulcer
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Powder
|
|
Oral
|
Genital-itching
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Powder
|
Fruit from Aframomum melegueta K.Schum. Sea salt.
|
Oral
|
Hemorrhoids
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Burned, ash
|
Butter
|
1 part oral and 1 part is mixed with butter and applied on/around rectum.
|
Hiccups
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Leaves
|
Decoction
|
|
Inhalation of steam and oral
|
Incontinence
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Powder
|
Fruit from Aframomum melegueta K.Schum. Sea salt.
|
Oral
|
Female infertility
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Decoction
|
|
Oral
|
Liver infection
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Powder
|
|
Oral
|
Swelling of head and legs (2.6 % = 1)
|
Root
|
Sundried, powder
|
Butter from Butyrospermum parkii Kotschy.
|
Mixture is massaged onto the swollen areas. If wounds, cover the wounds with mixture.
|
Loranthus spp. of Ximenia americana
|
Night fever
(2.6 % = 1)
|
Loranthus spp.
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2 ways: 1) Powder 2) Decoction
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1) Powder in fire, fill room with smoke and inhale smoke. 2) Oral and body bath.
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Unknown disease
(2.6 % = 1)
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Loranthus spp.
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Decoction
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The Loranthus spp. of Cola cordifolia.
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Body bath
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Page of
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Yüklə 205 Kb.