Supporting table 1 Introduction to phenological data used in the study
Site
|
Location
|
Species
|
Year with
Observation
|
Year with the second bloom
|
Harbin
|
45°45′N,
126°40′E,
146m
|
Rhododendron dauricum L. (R D)
|
1984-1991, 2003-2006
|
2003, 2005, 2006
|
Prunus triloba Lindl. (P T)
|
1964, 1965, 1973-1975,
1978, 1979, 1983-1991,
2003-2006
|
|
Syringa oblata var. alba
(S O var. alba)
|
1973-1975, 1978, 1979,
1983, 1985-1991, 2003-2006
|
|
Mudanjiang
|
44°26′N,
129°40′E,
300m
|
Rhododendron dauricum L. (R D)
|
1983-1987, 1989-1996
|
|
Prunus triloba var. truncata
(P T var. truncata)
|
1979-1993, 1995, 1996
|
1987
|
Syringa oblata var.alba
(S O var. alba)
|
1978-1996
|
1989, 1994
|
Changchun
|
43°52′N,
125°20′E,
215m
|
Syringa oblata Lindl. (S O)
|
1986-1991, 1993-1995,
2003-2006
|
2003, 2004
|
Shenyang
|
42°05′N,
123°00′E,
50m
|
Forsythia viridissima Lindl. (F V)
|
1964, 1966, 1973-1976,
1978-1983, 2004-2006
|
1979, 2004
|
Syringa oblata Lindl. (S O)
|
1963-1967, 1973-1976,
1978-1984, 1986-1988,
2003-2006
|
|
Beijing
|
40°01′N,
116°20′E,
50～60m
|
Forsythia suspensa Vahl (F S)
|
1968, 1972-1988, 1991, 2003-2006
|
1973, 1976, 1978, 1980, 2004-2006
|
Syringa oblata Lindl. (S O)
|
1963-1968, 1972-1988,
1990-1996, 2003-2006
|
1995
|
Malus micromalus Makino (M M)
|
1963-1968, 1972-1996,
2003-2006
|
1995
|
Liaocheng
|
36°28′N,
115°58′E,
31～32m
|
Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. (P F)
|
1971-1976, 1978, 1979,
1983-1991, 1993, 1994
|
1973
|
Yancheng
|
33°21′N,
120°06′E,
1.8m
|
Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge (P B)
|
1978-1996
|
|
Yangzhou
|
32°25′N,
119°25′E,
8m
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P P)
|
1963, 1965-1968, 1973-1975, 1978-1980,
1983-1988, 1990, 1991,
1993, 1995, 1996
|
1967
|
Malus halliana Koehne (M H)
|
1978, 1980, 1982-1988,
1990, 1991, 1993-1995
|
1984, 1986, 1991
|
Cercis chinensis Bunge(C C)
|
1963, 1965-1968, 1973-1975, 1977-1980,
1982-1991, 1993-1996
|
1966, 1977, 1984, 1989
|
Shanghai
|
31°12′N,
121°00′E,
5m
|
Forsythia viridissima Lindl. (F V)
|
1981-1984, 1986-1996,
2004-2006
|
2004, 2005
|
Magnolia denudata Desr. (M D)
|
1981-1996, 2003-2006
|
|
Nnanchang
|
28°46′N,
115°50′E,
50m
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P P)
|
1983-1991, 2003-2006
|
1988
|
Cercis chinensis Bunge (C C)
|
1964, 1965, 1983-1991,
2003-2006
|
2003, 2005
|
Michelia figo Spreng. (M F)
|
1984, 1986-1991, 2003-2006
|
2004, 2006
|
Liriodendron chinense Sarg. (L C)
|
1983-1991, 2003-2006
|
2005
|
Ganxian
|
25°52′N,
115°00′E,
110m
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P P)
|
1978-1984, 1986-1990,
1992-1996
|
1980, 1988, 1992
|
Hohhot
|
40°49′N,
111°41′E,
1063m
|
Forsythia suspensa Vahl (F S)
|
1991-1996, 2003-2006
|
1993, 2005
|
Prunus davidiana Franch. (P D)
|
1979-1996, 2003-2006
|
|
Luoyang
|
34°40′N,
112°25′E,
155m
|
Forsythia suspensa Vahl (F S)
|
1966, 1967, 1973, 1977-1996
|
1983, 1987-1989, 1992, 1993
|
Xi'an
|
34°13′N,
108°58′E,
438m
|
Forsythia suspensa Vahl (F S)
|
1979-1996, 2003-2006
|
1979, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1991, 2003, 2006
|
Cerasus tomentosa Thunb. (C T)
|
1979-1988, 1990,1991, 1993-1996, 2003-2006
|
1984, 1991, 1993, 2003
|
Prunus triloba var. plena
(P T var. plena )
|
1964-1968, 1973-1988, 1990,1991, 1993-1996, 2003-2006
|
1982, 1990, 1991, 1994
|
Syringa oblata Lindl. (S O)
|
1963-1968, 1973-1996, 2003-2006
|
1991
|
Wuhan
|
30°38′N,
114°04′E,
30m
|
Magnolia denudata Desr. (M D)
|
1963-1967, 1982-1986, 1988-1996, 2003-2006
|
1986
|
Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge (P B)
|
1982-1986, 1988-1995,
2003-2006
|
1982
|
Renshou
|
30°30′N,
106°38′E,
250m
|
Prunus salicina Lindl. (P S)
|
1973-1977, 1979-1991, 1994
|
1988, 1990
|
Pyrus communis L. (P C)
|
1973, 1975, 1979-1991,
1994
|
1988, 1990
|
Chongqing
|
29°49′N,
106°20′E,
250m
|
Magnolia denudata Desr. (M D)
|
1963-1967, 1973-1996, 2003-2006
|
1965, 2005
|
Magnolia liliflora Desr. (M L)
|
1980-1996, 2005, 2006
|
2005
|
Changde
|
28°40′N,
110°20′E,
43.9m
|
Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. (P F)
|
1973-1981, 1983-1991
|
|
Changsha
|
28°15′N,
112°50′E,
80m
|
Magnolia denudata Desr. (M D)
|
1965,1973, 1974, 1983-1991, 2003-2006
|
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P P)
|
1963-1965, 1973,1974, 1983-1991, 2003-2006
|
|
Guiyang
|
26°25′N,
106°40′E,
1095m
|
Forsythia viridissima Lindl. (F V)
|
1979-1991, 1993-1995, 2003-2006
|
1979, 1982, 1985
|
Malus micromalus Makino (M M)
|
1986-1991, 1993-1995, 2003-2006
|
1987
|
Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. (P F)
|
1980-1991, 1993-1995, 2003-2006
|
1987, 2003, 2004
|
Guilin
|
25°11′N,
110°12′E,
155m
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P P)
|
1964-1967, 1973-1991, 1993-1995, 2003-2006
|
1974
|
Prunus salicina Lindl. (P S)
|
1964-1967, 1973-1991, 1993
|
1973, 1975, 1977
|
Liuzhou
|
24°28′N,
109°23′E,
97.6m
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P P)
|
1964,1965, 1973-1991, 1993-1995
|
1977, 1981-1983, 1985-1988, 1990, 1991, 1993-1995
|
Supporting Table 2 Statistics for First Bloom Dates (FBD) and Yearly Second Bloomd (YSB)
Sites
|
Species (abbreviation)
|
Mean FBD
~1989
(m-dd)
|
Mean FBD
1990~
(m-dd)
|
Significance level for FBD
1990~ vs 1989
|
Frequency of SB
~1989
|
Frequency of SB
1990~
|
Significance level for Frequency of SB
1990~ vs 1989
|
Harbin
|
Rhododendron dauricum L. (R.D.)
|
4-27
|
4-22
|
0.118
|
0/6
|
3/6
|
0.095
|
Prunus triloba Lindl.(P.T.)
|
5-07
|
4-29
|
0.061
|
|
|
|
Syringa oblata var. alba (S.O.V)
|
5-10
|
5-05
|
0.163
|
|
|
|
Mudanjiang
|
Rhododendron dauricum L. (R.D.)
|
4-29
|
4-28
|
0.676
|
|
|
|
Prunus triloba var. truncata (P.T.V)
|
5-04
|
5-03
|
0.776
|
1/11
|
0/6
|
0.847
|
Syringa oblata var. alba (S.O.V)
|
6-08
|
6-09
|
0.667
|
1/12
|
1/7
|
0.849
|
Changchun
|
Syringa oblata Lindl. (S.O.)
|
5-04
|
4-30
|
0.346
|
0/4
|
2/9
|
0.601
|
Shenyang
|
Forsythia viridissima Lindl. (F.V.)
|
4-21
|
4-17
|
0.147
|
1/12
|
1/3
|
0.260
|
Syringa oblata Lindl. (S.O.)
|
4-30
|
4-26
|
0.358
|
|
|
|
Beijing
|
Forsythia suspensa Vahl (F.S)
|
4-03
|
3-27
|
0.016
|
4/18
|
3/5
|
0.135
|
Syringa oblata Lindl. (S.O.)
|
4-13
|
4-09
|
0.038
|
0/23
|
1/11
|
0.299
|
Malus micromalus Makino(M.M.)
|
4-17
|
4-13
|
0.025
|
1/26
|
2/13
|
0.260
|
Liaocheng
|
Paulownia fortuneii Hemsl. (P.F.)
|
4-12
|
4-14
|
0.480
|
1/15
|
0/4
|
0.775
|
Yancheng
|
Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge(P.B.)
|
4-02
|
3-28
|
0.020
|
|
|
|
Yangzhou
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P.P.)
|
3-30
|
3-28
|
0.568
|
1/17
|
0/5
|
0.795
|
Malus halliana Koehne (M.H.)
|
4-04
|
4-01
|
0.392
|
2/9
|
1/5
|
0.994
|
Cercis chinensis Bunge(C.C.)
|
4-05
|
4-06
|
0.684
|
4/20
|
0/6
|
0.475
|
Shanghai
|
Forsythia viridissima Lindl. (F.V.)
|
3-17
|
3-09
|
0.091
|
0/8
|
2/10
|
0.333
|
Magnolia denudata Desr. (M.D.)
|
3-16
|
3-12
|
0.172
|
|
|
|
Nanchang
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P.P.)
|
3-18
|
3-20
|
0.686
|
1/7
|
0/6
|
0.590
|
Cercis chinensis Bunge(C.C.)
|
3-22
|
3-17
|
0.465
|
0/9
|
2/6
|
0.150
|
Michelia figo Spreng. (M.S.)
|
4-08
|
4-06
|
0.769
|
0/5
|
2/6
|
0.295
|
Liriodendron chinense Sarg. (L.C.)
|
4-22
|
4-12
|
0.214
|
0/7
|
1/6
|
0.445
|
Ganxian
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P.P.)
|
2-19
|
2-19
|
0.891
|
2/11
|
1/6
|
0.916
|
Hohhot
|
Prunus davidiana Franch.(P.D.)
|
4-15
|
4-10
|
0.055
|
|
|
|
Forsythia suspensa Vahl (F.S.)
|
|
4-13
|
|
|
2/11
|
|
Luoyang
|
Forsythia suspensa Vahl (F.S.)
|
3-14
|
3-11
|
0.230
|
3/16
|
2/7
|
0.866
|
Xi'an
|
Forsythia suspensa Vahl (F.S.)
|
3-20
|
3-17
|
0.243
|
6/11
|
3/11
|
0.220
|
Cerasus tomentosa Thunb. (C.T.)
|
3-24
|
3-22
|
0.509
|
1/10
|
3/10
|
0.305
|
Prunus triloba var. plena (P.T.V)
|
3-31
|
3-27
|
0.158
|
1/21
|
3/6
|
0.098
|
Syringa oblata Lindl. (S.O.)
|
4-06
|
4-01
|
0.040
|
0/23
|
1/11
|
0.295
|
Wuhan
|
Magnolia denudata Desr. (M.D.)
|
3-01
|
3-02
|
0.834
|
1/12
|
0/11
|
0.560
|
Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge (P.B.)
|
3-27
|
3-26
|
0.937
|
1/7
|
0/10
|
0.375
|
Renshou
|
Prunus salicina Lindl. (P.S.)
|
3-04
|
3-03
|
0.699
|
1/16
|
1/3
|
0.193
|
Pyrus communis L.(P.C.)
|
3-09
|
3-08
|
0.870
|
1/13
|
1/3
|
0.247
|
Chongqing
|
Magnolia denudata Desr. (M.D.)
|
3-03
|
3-04
|
0.692
|
1/22
|
1/11
|
0.545
|
Magnolia liliflora Desr. (M.L.)
|
3-12
|
3-11
|
0.333
|
0/10
|
1/9
|
0.478
|
Changde
|
Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. (P.F.)
|
3-26
|
4-05
|
0.215
|
|
|
|
Changsha
|
Magnolia denudata Desr. (M.D.)
|
2-27
|
3-01
|
0.686
|
|
|
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P.P.)
|
3-20
|
3-19
|
0.703
|
|
|
|
Guiyang
|
Forsythia viridissima Lindl. (F.V.)
|
2-22
|
2-13
|
0.200
|
3/11
|
0/9
|
0.160
|
Malus micromalus Makino (M.M.)
|
3-07
|
3-12
|
0.543
|
1/4
|
0/9
|
0.247
|
Paulownia fortunei Hemsl. (P.F.)
|
3-24
|
3-19
|
0.279
|
1/10
|
2/9
|
0.525
|
Guilin
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P.P.)
|
3-03
|
2-28
|
0.413
|
1/21
|
0/9
|
0.975
|
Prunus salicina Lindl. (P.S.)
|
2-25
|
3-02
|
0.389
|
3/21
|
0/3
|
0.895
|
Liuzhou
|
Prunus persica Stockes. (P.P.)
|
2-18
|
2-21
|
0.632
|
8/19
|
5/5
|
0.016
|
Supporting Fig. 1 The variation of the temperature of (a) growing season (the duration with daily temperature ≥10℃ steadly) and (b) annual mean temperature in China averagely during 1961-2000.
 
Year
Supporting Fig. 2 Autumn temperature anomalies for each observational phonological site with second bloom and their regional differences. Notes: NE: Northeast China; NC: North China and the east part of Northwest China; SE: Southeast China; SW: Southwest and South Central China; Average: the mean date of the whole studied area.
|
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