S. naval, usa. Terrorist Group Profiles: Index of Groups
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People Against Gangsterism and Drugs (PAGAD)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2000. United States Department of State, April 2001. Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State 
Description PAGAD was formed in 1996 as a community anticrime group fighting drugs and violence in the Cape Flats section of Cape Town but by early 1998 had also become antigovernment and anti-Western. PAGAD and its Islamic ally Qibla view the South African Government as a threat to Islamic values and consequently promote greater political voice for South African Muslims. The group is led by Abdus Salaam Ebrahim. PAGAD's G-Force (Gun Force) operates in small cells and is believed responsible for carrying out acts of terrorism. PAGAD uses several front names, including Muslims Against Global Oppression (MAGO) and Muslims Against Illegitimate Leaders (MAIL), when launching anti-Western protests and campaigns. Activities PAGAD is suspected of conducting recurring bouts of urban terrorism--particularly bomb sprees--in Cape Town since 1998, including nine bombings in 2000. Bombing targets have included South African authorities, moderate Muslims, synagogues, gay nightclubs, tourist attractions, and Western-associated restaurants. PAGAD is believed to have masterminded the bombing on 25 August 1998 of the Cape Town Planet Hollywood. Strength Estimated at several hundred members. PAGAD's G-Force probably contains fewer than 50 members. Location/Area of Operation Operates mainly in the Cape Town area, South Africa's foremost tourist venue. External Aid Probably have ties to Islamic extremists in the Middle East. 61. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism. United States Department of State Publication 10321 Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
DescriptionOn 9 September 1993, in letters to Israeli Prime Minister Rabin and Norwegian Foreign Minister Holst, PLO Chairman Arafat committed the PLO to cease all violence and terrorism. On 13 September 1993, the Declaration of Principles between the Israelis and Palestinians was signed in Washington, DC. We have no information that any PLO element under Arafat's control was involved in terrorism from that time through 1995. (There were two incidents in 1993 in which the responsible individuals apparently acted independently.) One group under the PLO umbrella, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), suspended its participation in the PLO in protest of the agreement and continues its sporadic campaign of violence. The US Government continues to monitor closely PLO compliance with its commitment to abandon terrorism and violence. 62. Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-Special Command (PFLP-SC)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism. United States Department of State Publication 10321 Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
DescriptionMarxist-Leninist group formed by Abu Salim in 1979 after breaking away from the now defunct PFLP-Special Operations Group. ActivitiesHas claimed responsibility for several notorious international terrorist attacks in Western Europe, including the bombing of a restaurant frequented by US servicemen in Torrejon, Spain, in April 1985. Eighteen Spanish civilians were killed in the attack. Strength50. Location/Area of OperationOperates out of southern Lebanon, in various areas of the Middle East, and in Western Europe. External AidProbably receives financial and military support from Syria, Libya, and Iraq. 63. Popular Struggle Front (PSF)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism. United States Department of State Publication 10321 Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
DescriptionRadical Palestinian terrorist group once closely involved in the Syrian- dominated Palestinian National Salvation Front. Led by Dr. Samir Ghosheh. Rejoined the PLO in September 1991. Group is internally divided over the Declaration of Principles signed in 1993. ActivitiesTerrorist attacks against Israeli, moderate Arab, and PLO targets. StrengthFewer than 300. Location/Area of OperationMainly Syria and Lebanon, and elsewhere in the Middle East. External AidReceives support from Syria and may now receive aid from the PLO. 64. Puka Inti (Sol Rojo, Red Sun)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism. United States Department of State Publication 10321 Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
DescriptionSmall but violent subversive group probably formed from dissident members of AVC guerrilla organization, which made peace with the Ecuadoran Government in 1989. Believed to be anti-US. ActivitiesSeries of bombings of government buildings have been attributed to Puka Inti, but group appears to lack resources to expand much beyond current strength. StrengthVery small, perhaps fewer than 50. External AidNone. 65. Red Army Faction (RAF)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism. United States Department of State Publication 10321 Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
DescriptionThe small and disciplined RAF is the successor to the Baader-Meinhof Gang, which originated in the student protest movement in the 1960s. Ideology is an obscure mix of Marxism and Maoism; committed to armed struggle. Organized into hardcore cadres that carry out terrorist attacks and a network of supporters who provide logistic and propaganda support. Has survived despite numerous arrests of top leaders over the years. ActivitiesBombings, assassinations, kidnappings, and robberies. With decline of world communism, has had trouble recruiting replacements for jailed members. Now concentrating on domestic targets, particularly officials involved in German or European unification and German security and justice officials. Carried out one operation in 1993, destroying a new prison with 600 pounds of commercial explosives. Police shootout with two members ended in death of GSG-9 officer and group member Wolfgang Grams. Group temporarily gaivanized afterward. RAF has targeted US and NATO facilities in the past. During Gulf war, RAF shot up US Embassy in Bonn with assault rifle rounds. There were no casualties, however. StrengthTen to 20, plus several hundred supporters. Location/Area of OperationGermany. External AidSelf-sustaining, but during Baader-Meinhof period received support from Middle Eastern terrorists. East Germany gave logistic support, sanctuary, and training during the 1980s. 66. Red Brigades (BR)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism. United States Department of State Publication 10321 Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
DescriptionFormed in 1969, the Marxist-Leninist BR seeks to create a revolutionary state through armed struggle and to separate Italy from the Western Alliance. In 1984 split into two factions: the Communist Combatant Party (BR-PCC) and the Union of Combatant Communists (BR-UCC). ActivitiesOriginal group concentrated on assassination and kidnapping of Italian Government and private-sector targets; it murdered former Prime Minister Aldo Moro in 1978. [Extreme leftist sympathizers have carried out several small-scale terrorist attacks to protest the presence and foreign policies of both the United States and NATO, ] kidnapped US Army Brig. Gen. James Dozier in 1981, and claimed responsibility for murdering Leamon Hunt, US chief of the Sinai Multinational Force and Observer Group, in 1984. The group had been largely inactive since Italian and French authorities arrested many of its members in 1989. [With limited resources and followers to carry out major terrorist acts, the group is mostly out of business.] StrengthProbably fewer than 50, plus an unknown number of supporters. Location/Area of OperationBased and operates in Italy. Some members probably living clandestinely in other European countries. External AidCurrently unknown; original group apparently was self-sustaining but probably received weapons from other Western European terrorist groups and from the PLO. 67. Red Hand Defenders (RHD)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2000. United States Department of State, April 2001. Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
Description Extremist terrorist group composed largely of Protestant hardliners from loyalist groups observing a cease-fire. RHD seeks to prevent a political settlement with Irish nationalists by attacking Catholic civilian interests in Northern Ireland. Activities RHD has carried out numerous pipe bombing and arson attacks against "soft" civilian targets such as homes, churches, and private businesses to cause outrage in the republican community and to provoke IRA retaliation. RHD claimed responsibility for the car-bombing murder on 15 March of Rosemary Nelson, a prominent Catholic nationalist lawyer and human rights campaigner in Northern Ireland. Strength Up to 20 members, some of whom have considerable experience in terrorist tactics and bomb-making. Location/Area of Operation Northern Ireland. External Aid None. 68. Revolutionary People's Struggle (ELA)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2000. United States Department of State, April 2001. Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
Description Extreme leftist group that developed from opposition to the military junta that ruled Greece from 1967 to 1974. Formed in 1971, ELA is a self-described revolutionary, anticapitalist, and anti-imperialist group that has declared its opposition to "imperialist domination, exploitation, and oppression." Strongly anti-US and seeks the removal of US military forces from Greece. Activities Since 1974 has conducted bombings against Greek Government and economic targets as well as US military and business facilities. In 1986 stepped up attacks on Greek Government and commercial interests. Raid on a safehouse in 1990 revealed a weapons cache and direct contacts with other Greek terrorist groups, including 1 May and Revolutionary Solidarity. In 1991, ELA and 1 May claimed joint responsibility for more than 20 bombings. Greek police believe they have established links between ELA and Revolutionary Organization 17 November. Although ELA has not claimed an attack since January 1995, other groups have emerged with similar modus operandi. Of these, Revolutionary Nuclei (a.k.a. Revolutionary Cells) appears most likely to be the successor group to ELA. Strength Unknown. Location/Area of Operation Greece. External Aid Received weapons and other assistance from international terrorist Carlos during 1980s. Currently no known foreign sponsors. 69. Revolutionary United Front (RUF)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2000. United States Department of State, April 2001.
Description The RUF is a loosely organized group--but an effective guerrilla force because of its flexibility and brutal discipline--seeking to topple the current government of Sierra Leone and to retain control of the lucrative diamond-producing regions of the country. The group funds itself largely through the extraction and sale of diamonds obtained in areas of Sierra Leone that it controls. Activities The RUF uses guerrilla, criminal, and terror tactics, such as murder, torture, and mutilation, to fight the government, intimidate civilians, and keep UN peacekeeping units in check. In 2000 they held hundreds of UN peacekeepers hostage until their release was negotiated, in part, by the RUF's chief sponsor Liberian President Charles Taylor. The group also has been accused of attacks in Guinea at the behest of President Taylor. Strength Estimated at several thousand fighters and possibly a similar number of supporters and sympathizers. Location/Area of Operation Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea. External Aid A UN experts panel report on Sierra Leone said President Charles Taylor of Liberia provides support and leadership to the RUF. The UN has identified Libya, Gambia, and Burkina Faso as conduits for weapons and other materiel for the RUF. 70. Sikh TerrorismFrom: Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1999. United States Department of State, April 2000. Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
Description Sikh terrorism is sponsored by expatriate and Indian Sikh groups who want to carve out an independent Sikh state called Khalistan (Land of the Pure) from Indian territory. Active groups include Babbar Khalsa, International Sikh Youth Federation, Dal Khalsa, Bhinderanwala Tiger Force, and the Saheed Khalsa Force. Activities Attacks in India are mounted against Indian officials and facilities, other Sikhs, and Hindus; they include assassinations, bombings, and kidnappings. Attacks have dropped markedly since 1992, as Indian security forces have killed or captured numerous senior Sikh militant leaders and have conducted successful Army, paramilitary, and police operations. Many low-intensity bombings that might be attributable to Sikh extremists now occur without claims of credit. Strength Unknown. Location/Area of Operation Northern India, western Europe, Southeast Asia, and North America. External Aid Militant cells are active internationally, and extremists gather funds from overseas Sikh communities. Sikh expatriates have formed a variety of international organizations that lobby for the Sikh cause overseas. Most prominent are the World Sikh Organization and the International Sikh Youth Federation. 71. Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism, 2000. United States Department of State, April 2001 Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
Description Traditional Marxist-Leninist revolutionary movement formed in 1983 from remnants of the Movement of the Revolutionary Left, a Peruvian insurgent group active in the 1960s. Aims to establish a Marxist regime and to rid Peru of all imperialist elements (primarily US and Japanese influence). Peru's counterterrorist program has diminished the group's ability to carry out terrorist attacks, and the MRTA has suffered from infighting, the imprisonment or deaths of senior leaders, and loss of leftist support. Several MRTA members also remain imprisoned in Bolivia. Activities Previously conducted bombings, kidnappings, ambushes, and assassinations, but recent activity has fallen drastically. In December 1996, 14 MRTA members occupied the Japanese Ambassador's residence in Lima and held 72 hostages for more than four months. Peruvian forces stormed the residence in April 1997, rescuing all but one of the remaining hostages and killing all 14 group members, including the remaining leaders. The group has not conducted a significant terrorist operation since and appears more focused on obtaining the release of imprisoned MRTA members. Strength Believed to be no more than 100 members, consisting largely of young fighters who lack leadership skills and experience. Location/Area of Operation Peru with supporters throughout Latin America and Western Europe. Controls no territory. External Aid None 72. Tupac Katari Guerrilla Army (EGTK)From: Patterns of Global Terrorism. United States Department of State Publication 10321 Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
DescriptionIndigenous, anti-Western Bolivian subversive organization. ActivitiesFrequently attacks small, unprotected targets, such as power pylons, oil pipelines, and government offices. Has targeted Mormon churches with firebombings and attacked USAID motorpool in 1993. StrengthFewer than 100. Location/Area of OperationBolivia, primarily the Chapare region, near the Peru border, and the Altiplano. External AidNone. 73. Al UmmahFrom: Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1998. United States Department of State, April 1999. Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
DescriptionRadical Indian Muslim group founded in 1992 by S.A. Basha. ActivitiesBelieved responsible for the Coimbatore bombings in Southern India in February 1998. Basha and 30 of his followers were arrested and await trial for those bombings. StrengthUnknown. No estimate available. LocationSouthern India. External AidUnknown. 74. ZviadistsFrom: Patterns of Global Terrorism, 1999. United States Department of State, April 2000. Comments on the content of the material should be sent to the U.S. Department of State
Description Extremist supporters of deceased former Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Launched a revolt against his successor, Eduard Shevardnadze, which was suppressed in late 1993. Some Gamsakhurdia sympathizers formed a weak legal opposition in Georgia, but others remain opposed to Shevardnadze's rule and seek to overthrow him. Some Gamsakhurdia government officials fled to Russia following Gamsakhurdia's ouster in 1991 and were using Russia as a base of operations to bankroll anti-Shevardnadze activities. Activities Conducted bombings and kidnappings. Attempted two assassinations against Shevardnadze--in August 1995 and in February 1998. Took UN personnel hostage following the attempt in February 1998 but released the hostages unharmed. Zviadists conducted no violent activity in 1999. Strength Unknown. Location/Area of Operation Georgia, especially Mingrelia, and Russia. External Aid May have received support and training in Chechen terrorist training camps. Chechen mercenaries participated in the assassination attempt against Shevardnadze in February 1998. Konec rešerše |