Rival presence leads to reversible changes in male mate choice of a desert dwelling ungulate
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Rival presence leads to reversible changes in male mate choice of a desert dwelling ungulateTorsten Wronski1,2*, David Bierbach3, Lara-Marlene Czupalla3, Hannes Lerp3, Madlen Ziege3, Peter L. Cunningham1,2 and Martin Plath3 1 Zoological Society of London, Conservation Programs, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY, United Kingdom 2 King Khalid Wildlife Research Center, Saudi Wildlife Commission, P.O. Box 61681, Riyadh 11575, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 3 Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Frankfurt, Siesmayerstrasse 70a, D-60054 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Additional analysesOur main analyses reveal that male sand gazelles alter their mate choice behavior during the 1st hour upon presentation of an audience, but are highly consistent in mate choice when considering the entire 24 hrs observation phase (see ‘Results’ in main manuscript). We tested whether the former effect would disappear directly after the first hour of audience presentation and thus, repeated our analysis (ANOCOVA, see main manuscript) while analyzing the period between the second and third hour of the tests on day 1 and day 2. In neither case was the interaction term (‘fraction day 1 x treatment’) significant (Table S1), suggesting that slopes did not differ significantly between the audience and control treatment (Figure S1). A significant effect of the covariate in the analysis on times spent in the vicinity of the stimulus females suggests high consistency of male preferences between day 1 and day 2 (Table S1b). In other words: audience-induced changes in male mate choice are evident during the first hour after presentation of the audience male only, after which focal males rapidly turn back to exhibiting “normal” mate choice behavior. Table S1 Results from ANCOVA on arcsine-(square root)-transformed percentages of (a) times focal males spent facing the preferred female, (b) times spent in the vicinity of, and (c) numbers of approaches towards that female during day 2 (dependent variable), using fractions of the same behaviors during day 1 as the covariate, and treatment (with or without audience male on day 2) as a fixed factor. This additional analysis was conducted using the period between the second and third hour of the experiment on day 1 and day 2. Significant effects are highlighted in bold.
Figure S1 Correlation between percentages of (a) times focal males spent facing the preferred female, (b) times spent in the vicinity of, and (c) numbers of approaches towards that female during day 2 and the corresponding values on day 1 while analyzing the second to third hour of the experiment. |