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Review of the reptilia of the triassic


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(1) E. FRAAS, Die schwäbischen Trias-Saurier, Stuttgart, 1896, 13, 14.

(2) Palaeontographica, 1867, vol. 15, 261 pp., pl. 40.

(3) I have seen such ones in the Museo Civico, Milan, but without precise details of the localities.

(1) Inostrancevia AMALITZKY ms. is a lycosaur that was discovered in the great excavation in the Suchena in the area of the Dvina River, North Russia, in supposedly Permian beds. Prof. AMALITZKY had the kindness to show me his still-undescribed treasures in Warsaw.

(2) Whether Dimetrodon possesses a hyposphene could not be recognized definitely in the material available to me.

(1) See below on Mesosauria.

(1) Zeitschr. d. deutsch. geol. Gesellschaft, 1893, 352.

(2) R. OWEN, Descr. and Illustr. Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia in South Africa in the Collection of the British Museum, 1876, pl. 21, fig. 1; pl. 22, fig. 4.

(1) Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 186, 1895, fig. 20, p. 115.

(1) Ann. des Sc. géol. 1882, 14, art. no. 3, 1-44, pl. 6-9.

(1) R. OWEN, Descr. and Illustr. Catalogue, etc. (loc. cit.), 1876, pl. 65, fig. 5.

(1) Jen. Zeitschr., N. F., vol. 27, 1900, 633 pp.

(1) Proc. Roy. Irish Academy, ser. 2, II, 1875, 177 ff.

(1) The femur of Thalassochelys caretta is relatively the most similar, which struck me in a specimen in the Vienna Hofmuseum.

(1) In one of the 29 Iguanodon skeletons in Brussels, and elongated ossification is present between the coracoids, which Dr. DOLLO very kindly pointed out to me.

(1) Quart. Journ. 1891, 44, pp.166-170. But in 1894 (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 185, p. 711) SEELEY himself expresses the suggestion that it could perhaps even be an anomodont femur built after the type of Rhopalodon.

(2) Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. XXIV, 1887, p. 214.

(1) As occurs in Sauropoda.

(2) Mem. Geol. Surv. Monogr. III, 1877, pl. 8, fig. 4.

(1) A very elongated snout also occurs among the “Rhynchocephalia”, which on the whole have short skulls, in Simoedosaurus GERV. (= Champsosaurus COPE) of the Upper Cretaceous and Eocene. Certainly there the narial openings lie in front at the point of the snout as in the gavials. Such elongated snouts are found as phenomena of adaptation mainly in such animals which, living in rivers or swamps, must seek their food deep from the mud. Belodon was designed particularly practically for this with its narial openings lying posteriorly. A similar result is attained later in the gavials because the choanae open right behind into the throat, and so they were easily closed by the soft palate found there. In swimming animals like the gavials, and probably also Simoedosaurus, the narial openings placed at the tip give a great advantage, in that for breathing the animal did not always need to come right to the surface of the water. Belodon may have lived more on dry land.

(2) However, SEELEY has again doubted his own determination (Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., CLXXXV, 1894, 711.

(3) The remains consist of a splenial, proximal and distal caudal vertebrae, a humerus, two ulnae, parts of the radius, a femur, the proximal end of a tibia, the distal end of a fibula, a calcaneum, and several armor plates.

(1) Trans. Geol. Soc. London, V, 1840, pl. V, fig. 1.

(2) Quart. Jour., 1895, 158.

(3) Ibidem.

(1) I am indebted to the Hon. BLEZINGER of Crailsheim for it.

(2) From COPE’s description, which unfortunately lacks figures, some similarity with Tanystrophaeus longicollis COPE could exist, in that the proximal end is also strongly curved inward and the fourth trochanter is almost completely missing. But from a cast of the original, for which the Tübingen Collection is indebted to Prof. OSBORN of New York, it is obvious at once that no great similarity exists between the two.

(1) Neues Jahrb. f. Min., 1859, 12.

(2) Zur Fauna der Vorwelt, Bd. 3, 1860, 10-89, pl. 8, figs. 9 and 10.

(3) Neues Jahrb. f. Min., 1858, 645.

(4) Zur Fauna der Vorwelt, Bd. 3, 1860, 10-89, pl. 8, fig. 11.

(5) Quart. Journ., 20, 1864, 399-409.

(6) Paléontol. et Zoolog. française, pl. 51, figs. 14-17.

(1) According to a friendly communication from F. PLIENINGER, all Liassic forms, even those described by QUENSTEDT as Pterodactylus, would have been long-tailed.

(1) E. africanus LYDD.

* i.e., systematic position uncertain.



(1) Perhaps Saurodesmus is to be classified beside Aetiosaurus and Crurosaurus in the Anomodontia (cf. above in text).

* i.e., systematic position uncertain.



(1) This is a new genus standing between Thecodontosaurus and Coelurus, which has nothing to do with the German Tanystrophaeus. Prof. OSBORN was kind enough to send excellent casts of COPE’s originals to Tübingen. This genus will be described soon.

(2) See e.g. E. FRAAS, Jahresh. Ver. f. Naturk. Württemberg, 57, 1901, 318.

(1) From my own opinion and confirmed by Dr. TRAQUAIR of Edinburgh and Mr. TAYLOR of Elgin.

(2) Locality: Cuttie’s Hillock.

(3) Localities: Lossiemouth, Spynie, and Findrassie.

(1) Cymatosaurus differs from Eurysaurus only by the greater extent of the nasals.

(2) Abhandl. der Naturf. Ges. zu Halle, 20, pls. 16 and 17.

(1) A mastodonsaur also occurs in the Grenzdolomit of Backleben near Halle am Saale.

(1) In addition to the other genera, also Diadectognathus MIALL.

(2) Trans. Geol. Soc. London, ser. II, 6. 1844, 545ff.

(1) Trans. Geol. Soc. London, ser. II, 6. 1841, 538, pl. 16, figs. 1-5.

(2) CORNALIA, Fossiles de l’Azzarola (Infralias), pp. 35 and 36, pl. 1, figs. 1 and 2; in STOPPANI, Paléontologie Lombarde. Milan, 1860-1865.

(3) Quart. Jour., 16, 1880, 492-497.

(4) DAWKINS, Rhaetic beds and white Lias, Quart. Jour., 20, 1864, 41: (3 fig.).

(5) In case Triglyphus does not represent the upper jaw teeth of the same reptile.

(1) In the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris is found a half vertebra that could belong to a parasuchian or a dinosaur. It bears only the label “Streptospondylus Mongolia”, thus comes from unknown, probably Triassic or Jurassic beds, of an unnamed locality in Mongolia. In the same museum there is a bone that could be interpreted as a sacral rib of a parasuchian; it was sent to Paris together with the Euskelosaurus remains described by FISCHER by Mr. BROWN from South Africa. Thus it is possible that Parasuchia may also occur in the upper Karroo of South Africa.

Lower jaw and rhachitomous vertebrae that R. OWEN previously assigned to Rystidosteus. Quart. Jour., 46, 1890.



(2) Pristerodon HUXLEY is not, as HUXLEY believed, a crocodile, but, according to SEELEY, an anomodont that seems to be very closely related to Endothiodon.

(3) Sur les fouilles de 1859 de débris de vertébrés dans les dépôts permiens de la Russie du Nord. Varsovie, 1900, 25 pp. and 5 pls. (Trav. Soc. Imp. Nat. St. Petersburg, 31; 1, 1900, 201-222).

(4) As opposed to the former (loc. cit.) report that Deuterosaurus and Rhopalodon are very common.
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