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Review of Globally Important Ecosystems and Their Biodiversity of the Lower Mekong Basin


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Birds


The Lower Mekong Basin is critically important for a number of globally-threatened waterbird species. These wetlands are believed to support one Globally Critically Endangered species, 4 Globally Endangered species and 10 species classified as Vulnerable. Over 20 species are listed on various Appendices of CITES. Ranked by geopolitical units (210) according to the number of threatened species, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia are ranked as 10th, 12th, 27th and 37th most important countries for bird conservation in the world, although not all such species are wetland species.

      1. Globally important endangered species


The Critically Endangered Giant Ibis Pseudibis gigantea, long thought to be extinct, was re-discovered in 1993 along the Xe Kong floodplain in southern Laos. Small nongs and traepangs, along the Xe Kong in Attepeu Province in southern Laos and near the Se San and Srepok Rivers in Stoeng Treng, are vitally important for this species. The total world population of this species may be less than 100 individuals.
The population of the Globally Endangered White-winged Duck Cairina scutulata in southern Lao and northern Cambodia is one of the largest remaining in the world.
The Globally Endangered Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos dubius and White-shouldered Ibis Pseudibis davisoni occur in the dipterocarp forest and wetland mosaic of northern Cambodian and southern Lao PDR. These areas are also vital for the Globally Vulnerable Green Peafowl Pavo muticus.
The Globally Endangered Bengal Florican Houbaropsis bengalensis is found in Tram Chim on the Plain of Reeds and in the seasonally flooded grasslands of Lake Tonle Sap. Similar habitats are important for Globally Threatened -Vulnerable Sarus Crane Grus antigone, which in the wet season migrates to northern Cambodia and southern Lao to seek out non-flooded grasslands.
Globally Vulnerable species relying on the riverine habitats of the Mekong and its larger tributaries include the Indian Skimmer Rynchops albicollis and Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda.
Other Globally Vulnerable species depending on a variety of wetland habitats in the Lower Mekong Basin include the Masked Finfoot Heliopais personata, Pallas's Fish-Eagle Haliaeetus leucoryphus, Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga, Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis, Milky Stork Mycteria cinerea and the Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus.
A list of endangered, threatened bird and protected bird species reliant on wetlands is provided below in Table 2.
Table 2: Globally threatened species of birds dependant upon wetlands in the Lower Mekong Basin

English Name

Species

Global Status

CITES Appendix

Giant Ibis

Pseudibis gigantea

GT-CR




Greater Adjutant

Leptoptilos dubius

GT-EN




White-shouldered Ibis

Pseudibis papillosa davisoni

GT-EN




White-winged Duck

Cairina scutulata

GT-EN

1

Bengal Florican

Houbaropsis bengalensis

GT-EN

1

Nordmann's Greenshank

Tringa guttifer

GT- EN

1

Spot-billed Pelican

Pelecanus philippensis

GT-VU




Milky Stork

Mycteria cinerea

GT-VU

1

Lesser Adjutant

Leptoptilos javanicus

GT-VU




Greater Spotted Eagle

Aquila clanga

GT-VU

2

Green Peafowl

Pavo muticus

GT-VU

2

Masked Finfoot

Heliopais personata

GT-VU




Black-bellied Tern

Sterna acuticauda

GT-VU




Indian Skimmer

Rynchops albicollis

GT-VU




Oriental Darter

Anhinga melanogaster

G-NT




Great-billed Heron

Ardea sumatrana

G-NT




Painted Stork

Mycteria leucocephala

G-NT




Asian Openbill

Anastomus oscitans

G-NT




Black-headed Ibis

Threskiornis melanocephalus

G-NT




Grey-headed Fish-Eagle

Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus

G-NT

2

Sarus Crane

Grus antigone

G-NT

2

Grey-headed Lapwing

Vanellus cinereus

G-NT




Asian Dowitcher

Limnodromus semipalmatus

G-NT




Malaysian Plover

Charadrius peronii

G-NT




Asian Golden Weaver

Ploceus hypoxanthus

G-NT




Comb Duck

Sarkidiornis melanotos




2

Brahminy Kite

Haliastur indus




2

Greater Flamingo

Phoenicopterus ruber




2

Osprey

Pandion haliaetus




2

Black Kite

Milvus migrans lineatus




2

White-bellied Sea-Eagle

Haliaeetus leucogaster




2

Black-shouldered Kite

Elanus caeruleus




2

Western Marsh Harrier

Circus aeruginosus




2

Pied Harrier

Circus melanoleucos




2

Brown Fish Owl

Ketupa zeylonensis




2

Buffy Fish Owl

Ketupa ketupu




2


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