Table A2-1: Assumed ash or dry weight conversion factors (expressed as ash or dry weight as a fraction of fresh weight) taken from Beresford et al. 2008b
Terrestrial Organism
|
Dry weight fraction
|
Ash weight fraction
|
Grass/herb
|
0.25
|
-
|
Shrub (wood)
|
0.5
|
0.013
|
Shrub (other parts)*
|
0.1
|
0.003
|
Tree (wood)
|
0.5
|
0.013
|
Tree (other parts)*
|
0.1
|
0.003
|
Small mammals (whole organism)
|
0.3
|
-
|
Mammal (bone)
|
0.8
|
0.5
|
Mammal (muscle)
|
0.25
|
-
|
Bird (whole organism)
|
0.3
|
-
|
* These were not considered to be appropriate for application to shrubs/trees from the arid/desert regions of Australia. A dry weight:fresh weight fraction of 0.6 was applied to shrubs from arid/desert. This was based on data presented in references 12 and 26 (Appendix 1).
Table A2-2: Assumed dry weight to fresh weight conversion factors (expressed dry weight as a fraction of fresh weight) for aquatic organisms taken from Hosseini et al. 2008.
Aquatic Organisms
|
Dry weight fraction
|
Freshwater
|
|
Phytoplankton
|
0.2
|
Vascular plant
|
0.25
|
Bivalve mollusc, crustacean, insect larvae
|
0.25
|
Amphibian (whole organism)
Fish
|
0.21
0.18
|
Australian Whole-organism CR – Current
Table A3-1: Concentration ratio (CRwo-soil) values for mammals inhabiting Australian terrestrial ecosystems included in the WTD compared to IAEA summary values (www.wildlifetransferdatabase.org)
Wildlife Group
(Terrestrial)
|
CR wo-soil
(Bq kg-1 fw whole organism/Bq kg-1 dw soil)
|
N
|
Reference (Appendix 1)
|
AM
|
AMSD
|
IAEA Mammal-Uranium
|
5.78 x 10-3
|
6.83 x 10-3
|
22
|
44
|
Red-kangaroo (arid)
|
2.12 x10-2
|
3.76 x10-3
|
2
|
12
|
Red-kangaroo (arid)
|
7.99 x10-4
|
7.52 x10-4
|
4
|
26
|
Eastern grey kangaroo (arid)
|
8.53 x10-3
|
|
3
|
27
|
Red fox (arid)
|
1.6 x10-2
|
|
2
|
27
|
Rabbit (arid)
|
1.22 x10-2
|
2.59 x10-3
|
3
|
27
|
Mouse (arid)
|
6.5 x10-4
|
|
1
|
18
|
Wallaby (tropical)
|
1.25 x10-3
|
1.68 x10-3
|
3
|
14
|
Wild boar (tropical)
|
8.93 x10-4
|
|
1
|
15
|
Water Buffalo (tropical)
|
3.42 x10-4
|
|
1
|
15
|
IAEA Mammal-Radium
|
0.047 x 10-3
|
1.21 x 10-1
|
84
|
44
|
Red-kangaroo (arid)
|
7.6 x10-1
|
2.43 x10-1
|
2
|
12
|
Red-kangaroo (arid)
|
5.38 x10-2
|
|
4
|
26
|
Wallaby (tropical)
|
5.49 x10-3
|
4.10 x10-3
|
3
|
14
|
Wild boar (tropical)
|
1.63 x10-2
|
|
1
|
15
|
Water Buffalo (tropical)
|
1.35 x10-2
|
|
1
|
15
|
IAEA Mammal-Lead
|
3.8 x 10-2
|
3.6 x 10-2
|
515
|
44
|
Red-kangaroo (arid)
|
2.22 x10-2
|
|
4
|
26
|
Wild boar (tropical)
|
2.73 x10-4
|
|
1
|
15
|
Water Buffalo (tropical)
|
1.91 x10-3
|
|
1
|
15
|
IAEA Mammal-Polonium
|
8.6 x 10-2
|
2.10 x 10-1
|
67
|
44
|
Red-kangaroo (arid)
|
1.06 x 100
|
5.8 x10-1
|
2
|
12
|
Eastern grey kangaroo (arid)
|
2.9 x10-2
|
|
3
|
27
|
Red fox (arid)
|
1.9 x10-2
|
4.8 x10-3
|
2
|
27
|
Mouse (arid)
|
7.5 x10-4
|
|
1
|
18
|
Wallaby (tropical)
|
2.99 x10-2
|
2.41 x10-2
|
3
|
14
|
Wild boar (tropical)
|
9.8 x10-2
|
|
1
|
15
|
Water Buffalo (tropical)
|
9.49 x10-3
|
|
|
15
|
AM = Arithmetic Mean; AMSD = AM standard deviation; N=Number of samples contributing to the mean biota concentration
Table A3-2: Concentration ratio (CRwo-soil) values for reptiles inhabiting Australian terrestrial ecosystems included in the WTD compared to IAEA summary values (www.wildlifetransferdatabase.org)
Wildlife Group
(Terrestrial)
|
CR wo-soil
(Bq kg-1 fw whole organism/Bq kg-1 dw soil)
|
N
|
Reference (Appendix 1)
|
AM
|
AMSD
|
IAEA Reptile-Uranium
|
1.5
|
3.1
|
21
|
44
|
Reptile (arid)
|
2.5
|
3.7
|
13
|
18
|
IAEA Reptile-Thorium
|
0.20
|
0.5
|
18
|
44
|
Reptile (arid)
|
0.27
|
0.55
|
13
|
18
|
IAEA Reptile-Lead
|
0.37
|
1.0
|
45
|
44
|
Reptile (arid)
|
1.2
|
1.6
|
13
|
18
|
IAEA Reptile-Polonium
|
9.5
|
23
|
15
|
44
|
Reptile (arid)
|
11
|
24
|
13
|
18
|
AM = Arithmetic Mean; AMSD = AM standard deviation; N=Number of samples contributing to the mean biota concentration
Table A3-3: Concentration ratio (CRwo-water) values for crustaceans inhabiting Australian freshwater ecosystems included in the WTD compared to IAEA summary values (www.wildlifetransferdatabase.org)
Wildlife Group
(Freshwater)
|
CR wo-water
(Bq kg-1 fw whole organism/Bq L-1 filtered water)
|
N
|
Reference
|
AM
|
AMSD
|
IAEA Crustacean - Uranium
|
200
|
314
|
5
|
44
|
Crustacean (tropical)
|
200
|
314
|
5
|
15
|
IAEA Crustacean - Radium
|
270
|
444
|
5
|
44
|
Crustacean (tropical)
|
270
|
444
|
5
|
15
|
IAEA Crustacean - Lead
|
39
|
47
|
5
|
44
|
Crustacean (tropical)
|
39
|
47
|
5
|
15
|
IAEA Crustacean - Polonium
|
8293
|
7008
|
12
|
44
|
Crustacean (tropical)
|
1240
|
500
|
5
|
15
|
AM = Arithmetic Mean; AMSD = AM standard deviation; N=Number of samples contributing to the mean biota concentration
Table A3-4: Concentration ratio (CRwo-water) values for reptiles inhabiting Australian freshwater ecosystems included in the WTD compared to IAEA summary values (www.wildlifetransferdatabase.org)
Wildlife Group
(Freshwater)
|
CR wo-soil
(Bq kg-1 fw whole organism/Bq L-1 filtered water)
|
N
|
Reference (Appendix 1)
|
AM
|
AMSD
|
IAEA Reptile-Uranium
|
116
|
96
|
8
|
44
|
Goanna (tropical)
|
50
|
|
1
|
15
|
File Snake (tropical)
|
92
|
8
|
3
|
15
|
Snapping turtle (tropical)
|
194
|
197
|
2
|
15
|
Freshwater crocodile (tropical)
|
45
|
|
1
|
15
|
IAEA Reptile-Thorium
|
1028
|
638
|
7
|
44
|
Goanna (tropical)
|
244
|
|
1
|
15
|
File Snake (tropical)
|
1520
|
621
|
3
|
15
|
Snapping turtle (tropical)
|
962
|
96
|
2
|
15
|
Freshwater crocodile (tropical)
|
470
|
|
1
|
15
|
IAEA Reptile-Radium
|
798
|
1518
|
18
|
44
|
Goanna (tropical)
|
180
|
|
1
|
15
|
File Snake (tropical)
|
270
|
88
|
3
|
15
|
Snapping turtle (tropical)
|
3990
|
2520
|
2
|
15
|
Freshwater crocodile (tropical)
|
3310
|
|
1
|
15
|
IAEA Reptile-Lead
|
440
|
623
|
12
|
44
|
Goanna (tropical)
|
81
|
|
1
|
15
|
File Snake (tropical)
|
36
|
15
|
3
|
15
|
Snapping turtle (tropical)
|
1100
|
59
|
2
|
15
|
Freshwater crocodile (tropical)
|
233
|
|
1
|
15
|
IAEA Reptile-Polonium
|
3634
|
2260
|
7
|
44
|
Goanna (tropical)
|
4720
|
|
1
|
15
|
File Snake (tropical)
|
1490
|
622
|
3
|
15
|
Snapping turtle (tropical)
|
4470
|
23
|
2
|
15
|
Freshwater crocodile (tropical)
|
7310
|
|
1
|
15
|
AM = Arithmetic Mean; AMSD = AM standard deviation; N=Number of samples contributing to the mean biota concentration
Table A3-5: Concentration ratio (CRwo-water) values for fish inhabiting Australian freshwater ecosystems included in the WTD compared to IAEA summary values (www.wildlifetransferdatabase.org)
Wildlife Group
(Freshwater)
|
CR wo-soil
(Bq kg-1 fw whole organism/Bq L-1 filtered water)
|
N
|
Reference (Appendix 1)
|
AM
|
AMSD
|
IAEA Fish-Uranium
|
31
|
101
|
1294
|
44
|
Fish (tropical)
|
215
|
266
|
15
|
15
|
IAEA Fish-Thorium
|
675
|
4575
|
64
|
44
|
Fish (tropical)
|
157
|
81
|
8
|
15
|
IAEA Fish-Radium
|
171
|
504
|
277
|
44
|
Fish (tropical)
|
1106
|
1408
|
23
|
15
|
IAEA Fish-Lead
|
255
|
697
|
379
|
44
|
Fish (tropical)
|
70
|
64
|
20
|
15
|
IAEA Fish-Polonium
|
2029
|
6636
|
203
|
44
|
Fish (tropical)
|
5577
|
12250
|
38
|
15
|
AM = Arithmetic Mean; AMSD = AM standard deviation; N=Number of samples contributing to the mean biota concentration
Table A3-6: Concentration ratio (CRwo-water) values for molluscs inhabiting Australian freshwater ecosystems included in the WTD compared to IAEA summary values (www.wildlifetransferdatabase.org)
Wildlife Group
(Freshwater)
|
CR wo-soil
(Bq kg-1 fw whole organism/Bq L-1 filtered water)
|
N
|
Reference (Appendix 1)
|
AM
|
AMSD
|
IAEA Molluscs-Radium
|
24294
|
34785
|
43
|
44
|
Mussels (tropical)
|
70950
|
41051
|
14
|
2, 9, 19
|
IAEA Molluscs-Lead
|
6035
|
14664
|
32
|
44
|
Mussels (tropical)
|
23550
|
|
8
|
9, 19
|
IAEA Molluscs-Polonium
|
123505
|
51896
|
147
|
44
|
Mussels (tropical)
|
22950
|
|
8
|
9, 19
|
AM = Arithmetic Mean; AMSD = AM standard deviation; N=Number of samples contributing to the mean biota concentration
Note: Concentration ratio (CRwo-sediment) values for vascular plants inhabiting Australian freshwater ecosystems have been reported to the WTD however these values are not included in this Appendix for comparison to the IAEA summary values as the IAEA values reflect the CRwo-water.
-
Table A4-1: Summary of Wildlife Groups and Habitats for which new CR data has been identified during this project
Habitat - Wildlife Group
|
CR wo-soil
Available for the following nuclides
|
References from Appendix 1
|
Terrestrial: arid/desert – Shrubs
These include (but are not limited to the following species: Rhagodia sp, Acacia sp, Tecticornia sp, Maireana sp, Atriplex sp) and includes other mixed halophyte shrubs
|
U, Th-230, Ra-226, Pb 210, Po-210
|
11, 12, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 32-43
|
Terrestrial: arid/desert – Grasses
Mixed species of ephemeral grasses and herbs
|
U, Th-230, Ra-226, Pb 210, Po-210
|
11, 12, 26, 27, 28
|
Terrestrial: tropical wetland – Grasses
Sedge and para grasses
|
Ra-226, Pb-210
|
3, 4
|
Terrestrial: arid/desert – Trees
Melaleuca sp, Eucalyptus sp (dry weight only)
|
U, Th-230, Ra-226, Po 210
|
11, 26, 27
|
Terrestrial: wetland – Trees
Melaleuca sp, Eucalyptus sp (dry weight only)
|
Ra-226, Pb-210
|
3, 4
|
Terrestrial: arid/desert – Reptile
|
Th-230, Ra-226, Pb 210, Po-210
|
21-23
|
Terrestrial: wetland – Bird
|
U, Th, Ra-226, Pb 210, Po-210
|
14, 3
|
Freshwater: arid/desert hot springs
vascular plants
|
U, Ra-226, Pb-210
|
26, 27
|
Freshwater: tropical - vascular plants
|
U, Ra-226, Pb-210
|
3, 29
|
Freshwater: arid hot springs – algae
|
U, Ra-226,
|
27
|
Freshwater: tropical – Reptile
|
U, Ra-226,
|
3, 4
|
Freshwater: tropical – Molluscs
|
U, Ra-226,
|
3
|
Freshwater: tropical – Fish
|
U, Ra-226, Po-210
|
1, 3, 4
|
Table A4-2: Example of new whole-organism CRs for radium in Terrestrial Shrubs from arid/desert regions compared to the IAEA summary CRs
Wildlife Group
(Terrestrial)
|
CR wo-soil
(Bq kg-1 fw whole organism /Bq kg-1 dw soil)
|
N
|
Reference
|
AM (GM)
|
AMSD (GMSD)
|
IAEA Shrubs - Radium
|
1.01 (0.54)
|
1.61 (3.07)
|
504
|
44*
|
Shrubs - Yeelirrie
|
0.15 (0.08)
|
0.27 (3.25)
|
76
|
26
|
Shrubs - Manyingee
|
0.09
|
0.06
|
11
|
12
|
Shrub – Lake Way
|
0.17
|
0.12
|
3
|
11
|
Shrub – Wiluna (Acacia)
|
0.05
|
0.03
|
12
|
21-23
|
Shrub – Wiluna (Samphire)
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
11
|
21-23
|
AM = Arithmetic Mean; AMSD = AM standard deviation; N=Number of samples contributing to the mean biota concentration
*No Australian data included in the estimation of the IAEA summary value
|
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