2. Hazardous Emissions
The volume of emissions (gr/sec, t/year) of sulfur dioxide, carbon oxide, fuel oil ash (Vanadium equivalent), nitrogen oxides, soot, particulate matter and benzapyrene was calculated for a long-term period, according to the subject Options: in relation to boilers with a heating capacity over 25 MW - in compliance with the Standard Practice Technical Code (SPTC) 17.08-03-2006 “The Procedure of Estimation of Emissions at Incineration of Fuels in Boilers with a Capacity over 25 MW”, for boilers below MW – in compliance with the Standard Practice Technical Code (SPTC) 17.08-04-2006 “The Procedure of Estimation of Emissions at Incineration of Fuels in Boilers with a Capacity over 25 MW”.
Boiler Shop 1 of the Zhodino CHP
Hazardous emissions (gr/sec and t/year) from the existing boilers were determined for all Options according to the current SPTC codes.
The amount of NOx emissions for the GTU-16MW gas-turbine units to be installed in Boiler Shop 1 (Option 2A-2), was determined according to the values of concentration of nitrogen oxides in the GTU exhaust gases and in line the technical standard GOST 29328-92, and they are, at gas incineration:
NOx – 125 mg/nm3 ( O2 = 6%).
The CO values are based on the data of identical gas-turbine units and amount to 200 mg/nm3 О2 = 6%).
Boiler Shop 3 of the Zhodino CHP
Hazardous emissions (gr/sec and t/year) from the existing boilers (Options 4B-1, 4B-2) were determined in accordance with the current SPTC codes.
The amount NOx emissions for the GTU-28.4MW gas-turbine units to be installed in Boiler Shop 3 (Options 4A-1, 4B-1) and GTU-45MW (Options 4A-2, 4B-2) was determined according to the values of concentration of nitrogen oxides in the GTU exhaust gases and in line the technical standard GOST 29328-92, and they are:
NOx – 125 mg/nm3 ( О2 = 6%) – at incineration of gas;
NOx – 250 mg/nm3 ( О2 = 6%) – at incineration of diesel fuel.
According to the performance data of identical gas-turbine units, the CO values are:
200 mg/nm3( О2 = 6)% - at incineration of gas;
300 mg/nm3 ( О2 = 6%) – at incineration of diesel fuel.
3 Calculations of Ground Level Concentrations
The meteorological and climatic characteristics determining the conditions of dispersion of hazardous matter in the air, and used later on in calculation of ground level concentrations, are based on the data of the Republican Center for Radiation Control and Monitoring.
Table 3.1- Climatic and Meteorological Characteristics of the City
The values of background concentrations of hazardous matter (mg/m3) in the air are presented in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2 –Background Concentration Values
Substance
|
Values , mg/m3
|
Sulfur dioxide
|
0.020
|
Nitrogen dioxide
|
0.086
|
Carbon oxide
|
1.7
|
Dust (suspended matter)
|
0.252
|
In order to identify the maximum impact of the subject sources emission on the atmosphere, we calculated (with the Ekolog computer software) the ground level concentrations for the Options with ambient temperature of the coldest month (mode 2) and with an allowance for background contamination.
The calculation area was set at 8,000 meters wide and long, and with grid value on the X and Y axis at 250 meters.
Dispersion was calculated in relation to sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and monoxide, carbon oxide, suspended matter, fuel oil ash (in Vanadium equivalent), benzapyrene, soot and the partial summation group of SO2 + NO2 + NO + fuel oil ash (in Vanadium equivalent).
For the recommended Option 4A-2, air contamination was also identified with values of all urban heat sources.
The results of calculations of dispersion from the sources in review and in accordance with the Options, are presented in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3 – Dispersion Calculation Results
|
Ground Level Concentration Values, SPTC units
|
Substances
|
Options
|
|
4A-1
|
4A-2
(recommended)
|
4B-1
|
4B-2
|
Sulfur dioxide
|
0.27
|
0.48
|
0.19
|
0.17
|
Nitrogen dioxide
|
0.36
|
0.37
|
0.36
|
0.36
|
Nitrogen oxide
|
<0.01
|
<0.01
|
<0.01
|
<0.01
|
Carbon oxide
|
0.34
|
0.34
|
0.34
|
0.34
|
Fuel oil ash (in Vanadium equivalent)
|
<0.01
|
0.03
|
0.01
|
0.01
|
Benzapyrene
|
<0.01
|
<0.01
|
<0.01
|
<0.01
|
Soot
|
<0.01
|
0.01
|
<0.01
|
<0.01
|
Total:
|
0.51
|
0.72
|
0.49
|
0.48
|
(SO2 +NO2+NO+fuel oil ash)
|
|
|
|
|
The calculations indicate that air pollution with emission from the subject sources do not exceed the permissible values with an allowance for the background pollution.
|