Реализация принципа коммуникативной направленности при обучении английскому языку через обращение к теме современного киноискусства

По сравнению с другими видами искусства, кино существует не долгий период времени. Однако самая юная муза развивалась очень быстро и заняла важное и достойное место в жизни людей.

Кино оказывает огромное влияние на зрителей, особенно на молодое поколение: становление личности подростков, их характера и мировоззрения, возникновение особых интересов, предпочтений и образа жизни часто во многом обусловлено воздействием киноискусства. Иногда молодые люди выбирают определенный род деятельности, будущую профессию после просмотра интересного фильма на соответствующую тему.

Значение кинематографа в жизни современного общества трудно переоценить. В кинофильмах всегда можно проследить возникновение новых тенденций, основных приоритетов в развитии той или иной страны в конкретный исторический период. Зачастую фильмы являются отражением господствующей идеологии. В настоящий момент приоритетом в основных сферах жизни российского общества является воспитание чувства патриотизма, гордости за свою страну в сочетании с толерантным отношением к проявлениям иных культур. Наряду с этим наблюдается тенденция к интеграции в мировое сообщество по всем направлениям с соблюдением принципов гуманизма. Все перечисленные моменты находят свое отражение в отечественном кинематографе, в котором героизм, личная ответственность, семейные узы выступают как главные общечеловеческие ценности.

В настоящий момент создается много интересных отечественных фильмов, в которых задействованы российские и американские актеры, реализуются масштабные международные кинопроекты. В некоторых фильмах мы можем видеть популярных российских актеров, владеющих английским языком. Этот факт служит показательным примером и стимулом для дальнейшего изучения данного иностранного языка учащимися.

Мы полагаем, что российско-американское сотрудничество в кинематографии является актуальной темой исследования. В представленной разработке урока предпринята попытка определения отношений между Россией и США в сфере кино: являются ли эти страны соперниками или участниками единого процесса по преодолению барьеров из предубеждений и условностей, существовавших между ними на протяжении длительного отрезка времени?

Повторить лексику и речевые образцы по теме: «Способы выражения своего мнения».

Совершенствовать навыки чтения с полным пониманием содержания текста.

Развивать навыки устной речи (монологической и диалогической формы).

Способствовать формированию навыков ведения дискуссии по теме.

Воспитывать чувство патриотизма, а также толерантное отношение к проявлению иноязычной культуры.

1. 
   Организационный момент.
   

II. Речевая зарядка T- P1, P2, P3.

Who invented cinematography? (The French, the Lumiere brothers)

When and where was the first film demonstrated? (in December 1895, Paris)

What was it called? (Arrival of the train)

When was the first film shown in Russia? (In May 1896)

What is the greatest cinema empire? (Hollywood)

Where is Hollywood? (The USA, California, Los Angeles)

What cinema genres do you know? (Westerns, action films, comedies, horror films etc)

What are the biggest film companies in Hollywood? (MGM, Paramount, 20^th Century Fox, Columbia Pictures, Warner Bros., Universal).

III. Презентация : Российско-американское сотрудничество в кино.

Now we are going to review some facts about modern cinema.

IV. Активизация употребления речевых образцов: «Способы выражения своего мнения».

Try to express your opinion of the above-mentioned films using the following words and expressions:

In my opinion I think, I suppose, I believe In this connection, I` d like to say I` m fond of … I like… I` m keen on… I don` t like… I dislike… I hate…

They are (it is) interesting, pretty good, marvelous,

outstanding, sensational, superb, up-to-date
terrible, totally dreadful, really boring, awful, not interesting at all, out-of-date

V. Практика чтения текста с полным пониманием: “The Best Not from the West”.

Read the text and try to understand what it is about.

The Best Not From the West

The MTV movie Awards has nothing in common with the Oscar Ceremony except maybe the nominations and the traditional red carpet. Thus, while those attending the Oscars are wearing Prada, MTV fashion victims prefer Vivienne Westwood. A sense of humor is a must here.

To start with, the atmosphere at the event was rather posh: celebrities arrived one by one, and each time somebody famous crawled out of his or her car, the fans responded with yelps and photos.

The Best Actress Award was given to the famous Russian pop-singer Zhanna Friske, who has recently begun her acting career. She got the award for the role of a sexy witch in “Day Watch”, who falls in love with a young vampire (Aleksei Chadov); he, in his turn, took The Best Actor Award for “The 9^th Company”, Bondarchuk` s drama based on a true story about the war in Afganistan.

Speaking frankly, there was hardly another alternative for these nominations. “Day Watch” and “The 9^th Company” are the two movies that monopolized Russian cinemas in 2005-06. Expensive, touching, featuring special effects and talented actors, these movies proved sensations while films like “Shadowboxing” and “The Turkish Gambit” were less impressing and what is even more important nowadays – less promoted.

Arthur Smolyaninov, the star of “The 9^th Company”, got The Breakthrough Award. The young man who` s just graduated from the university was surprised: “It is not the first leading role I act and not my first experience in movies.” Anyway, “The 9^th Company” made famous at least three actors, because this movie is a real breakthrough in itself. Fedor Bondarchuk, the son of a famous director Sergei Bondarchuk, tried and worked hard during the four months filming period.

The Best Movie Award was given to “Day Watch”, because when a red Mazda is driving to The Cosmos Hotel and the Ostankino Tower presents a magnificent view… there` s nothing else you can do about it.

Answer the questions about the text:

1) How would you describe the atmosphere of the American MTV Movie Awards?

2) What are the two movies that monopolized Russian cinemas in 2005-06?

3) Which film was given The Best Movie Award? Why?

4) Who won The Best Actress Award?

5) Who became The Best Actor?

1. 
   What films were less impressive? Why?
   

Some students of our group have prepared reports on the theme “Russian-American Cooperation in Cinema”. We are going to listen to their stories and then discuss the information.

R. Kochkin, A. Babich, S. Dukhin have prepared a project: “Russian – American Cooperation in Cinema”.

The twentieth century may be called the century of film making. Cinema and TV films have become an important part of our lives.

We have chosen "Russian-American cooperation in cinema" as the subject of our report because we find it noteworthy. We believe that it's a matter of current interest. Cinema makes a great influence on people's character, interests, their actions, preferences and lifestyle. Children spend a lot of free time watching their favorite films. Boys and girls try to copy their characters in what they say, how they act, in their gestures, hairstyles, clothes and so on.

Nowadays scores of young girls and women go in for aerobics. Over the last few years it has become popular with young girls and women. Aerobics helps them to be slim, healthy and strong. The interest for it greatly increased thanks to Jane Fonda, a prominent American actress, the founder of this kind of sport. This woman may serve as an impressive example of inexhaustible health, cheerfulness and beauty. Being a great enthusiast of aerobics she has been trying to initiate many women all over the world into this sport.

Thanks to B. Lee, Chuck Norris, S. Stallone and other actors, fighting sports spread in many countries of the world and a lot of young people followed the footsteps of their characters. Police series and detectives have inspired young men to become policemen and lawyers. Children often decide to choose a career of a doctor or a teacher after watching an interesting film about people of these professions. So we can’t deny the role of the cinema in our life.

Not long ago cinema screens in our country were dominated by films produced in the USA. But now the situation in Russian cinematography has changed: we can watch more good home-produced films.

Now let us turn to the history of the greatest film-making empire Hollywood. Just few people know that there were many Russian actors at the beginning of American films. The first Russian actors came to Hollywood even before 1917, at first they acted in silent films. When sound films appeared, the opportunities of Russian actors got seriously complicated: the language barrier became insurmountable for many of them. On the whole, the list of Russian actors in Hollywood is big enough (they were Glebov, Borovsky, Cherkassky, Mariyevsky, Razumny, Kinsky, Uspenskaya, etc) however, few of them performed key roles. In most cases, Russian actors played just bit parts or were supernumerary: they performed cavalrymen, waltz or mazurka dancers. There were many Russian actors in the first colour film, Robin Hood (1937), they performed knights. In 1936 the Trade Union of Russian actors was created, but it soon broke up because of the strongest competition with the Americans. Russian actors then often worked as consultants in films.

The film “The Mission to Moscow” (the Warner Brothers studio) based on a then-famous book by America's Ambassador to Moscow, Davis, was a great success. That was not the first film dedicated to Russia by the director of the film, Michael Kortez. But Russian actors didn't play key roles in this film telling about Russia. At the same time, the films: “The Young Man from Stalingrad”, “The Girl from Leningrad” were shot in America and almost the whole of the Russian community took part in the shooting. Some of them performed key roles, but the majority was employed in crowd scenes.

The film “Russia's Song” (1943) by Grigory Ratov also enjoyed great success in America. Actress Karabanova told later: "The film is actually in the Russian spirit. Art director Vazyan created a whole Russian village with a church, which certainly inspired the Russian actors for good work."

In Grigory Ratov's film “Rossiya”, Mikhail Chekhov and Leonid Mostovoy performed the key roles; almost all Russian actors of Hollywood also took part in this film. David Lishin staged wonderful dances; the music was performed by Sergey Malovsky. A great number of Russian artists also took part in film shooting. For instance, newspaper “Novaya Zhizn” (New Life) wrote about Russian artist A.Tolubeyev: "It would take much time to mention all films with the sets of this author. It's enough to say that all of them presented an accurate picture of the Russian life, and were also of a high artistic value. America's popular journal “Saturday Evening Post” published an article describing A.Tolubeyev as the most outstanding art-director in Hollywood.

But by the year of 1947, Russians were no longer a fashionable subject in Hollywood, as a period of cooler relations between the USSR and the USA began. Soon after that, Russian directors and actors lost their authority in Hollywood.

Later, when a period of cooler relations between the USSR and the USA began, Russian and American film makers could meet mainly during the international film festivals. It was a good chance to exchange their views on cinema, experience in film making, watch the best foreign films.

The first Russian International Film Festival was held in April 2003 in Hollywood. It was established with an aim to promoting Russian film makers and their product worldwide. The Russian International Film Festival was the first major retrospective of Russian film masterpieces abroad. Hollywood`s very prestigious Arc Light cinema centre on Sunset Boulevard served as the main venue of the festival.

“…It is highly symbolical that the Russian film retrospective is going to be held at the very heart of the world cinema industry, Hollywood. “I’m positive that the festival will not only unveil to the American viewers masterpieces by such leading 20^th century filmmakers as Sergey Eisenstein, Grigory Chukhray and Andrey Tarkovsky but will also give them a chance to familiarize themselves with the grand traditions of Russian culture and art,” President Vladimir Putin wrote in an official letter of greeting saluting the Russian International Film Festival.

Film director and producer Francis Ford Coppola: “My advice to filmmakers and filmgoers everywhere is not to miss out on this one of a kind festival of the best Russian films…”

“The Russian cinema has had a considerable influence on moviemakers everywhere,” said Christian Gains, director of Festival Programs with AFI, - this collection is a rare treat for cinema lovers everywhere. The Institute is happy to be taking part in the organization of this festival which, in its turn, is a part of our international cinema cooperation boosting programme.”

The festival`s programme was very diverse running the gamut from such masterpieces of Soviet silent films as “Bed and Sofa” by Abram Room, “Jewish Happiness” by Alexei Granovsky, “By the Law” by Lev Kuleshov, “Ivan the Terrible” and “Battleship Potyomkin” by Sergei Eisenstein, to the world-renowned film classics – “The Mirror” by Andrei Tarkovsky, “Cranes Are Flying” by Mikhail Kalatozov, “The Diamond Arm” by Leonid Gaidai, “White Sun of the Desert “ by Vladimir Motyl, “An Unfinished Play for the Mechanical Piano” by Nikita Mikhalkov etc.

The festival was attended by thousands of cinemagoers, among them local university and film school students, producers, directors and ordinary people. All the participants and guests were handed gift kits of festival booklets, T-shirts, posters bearing the festival’s logo, albums and books about Russian cinema and a Russian and English-language catalogue complied and published especially for the festival.

While reading books, newspapers and magazines about films and actors, we discovered for ourselves a new exciting world, the world of cinematography. People making films are real experts, native talents, devoted to their work.
Another report is made by A. Pozhidaev. It is devoted to a Russian TV serial “Russians in Los Angeles”

While talking about Russian-American cooperation in film making we can't but mention a TV serial "Russians in Los Angeles" by R. Nakhapetov. It appeared on Russian TV screens in January 2003.

R. Nakhapetov is a Russian actor and director who lives and works in the USA. But he made this serial especially for the Russian audience. In his interview to the radio station "Echo of Moscow" he said that he wanted to shoot a film in which he could use the skills and the knowledge he got from his staying in the USA.

This serial doesn't contain any stereotypes of the Russians living in America.

It is R. Nakhapetov's own view on different life situations and people. In his film Nakhapetov wanted to give a true picture of America with her living characters. So the plot of the film is very realistic.

R. Nakhapetov is the screenwriter, the director and an actor who stars in this film. He plays the role of Andrei Somov, a Russian detective who falls in love with an American dancer and later they move to the USA. He tries to find a job at the police but fails to do it. So he has to do some small jobs such as washing dishes, looking after the sick, cleaning, cooking, walking dogs and so on. His only goal at that time is to survive. But eventually his dream comes true and he becomes the best detective in Los Angeles.

The main idea of this film is that the Russians will survive everywhere: in the desert, in the sea and ... even in America. They will learn to do anything and they can teach a lot of lessons to Americans. In this film R. Nakhapetov showed a person in an unknown, unfamiliar situation.

As a lot of episodes of the film were made in the USA, Nakhapetov invited such American film stars as Eric Roberts, Harry Biusy, Shon Yang, Lane Davis and some others to star in the film. After reading the script, American actors agreed at once to take part in the project. For some of them it was their first experience of performing roles in a Russian film. Eric Roberts was the only actor who had cooperated with another Russian director, Andrei Konchalovsky. So it was easier for him to communicate with his Russian partners.

R. Nakhapetov said that there was little difference in the approach to work between American and Russian actors. He highly appreciated not only the work of his American partners, but also their personal traits. He admitted that they were friendly, open to cooperation and easy to get along with. In conclusion R. Nakhapetov said that he was satisfied with his work and would like the serial to be continued.

I watched the TV serial "Russians in Los Angeles" some years ago. I think that the film is really good. It is true to life. It has a dynamic story. The film teachers people to defend the week and offended. I enjoyed the acting of the Russian actors who performed their roles wonderfully and spoke good English in lots of episodes. I felt proud of the fact, that Russian actors spoke the same language that I studied. For me it was a great motivation in learning English even harder than before. I think the film is worth watching.

2) Дискуссия на тему: «Российские и американские кинематографисты: соперничество или сотрудничество? Учащиеся выражают свою собственную точку зрения по обозначенной проблеме, опираясь на ранее изученные речевые образцы.

Now we are going to find out what Russian and American film makers

сhoose today: competition or cooperation? While speaking use the following words and expressions:

It is said; it is thought; it is stated; it is believed; it is known; it is reported

Similarly, likewise

Hence, therefore, on the contrary

Nevertheless, still, yet

Besides, also, again, in addition, further-more

In short, in brief

In the past years, in the recent years

To sum up, in general, in particular

In this connection I would like to say…

I find the question of … very important because…

Examples: Student 1. Hollywood is believed to be the greatest cinema empire in the world. Its well-known film companies are NGM, 20^th Century Fox, Columbia Pictures, Paramount, Warner Bros, and Universal. Their films have been shown for years all over the world. They have always enjoyed great popularity everywhere. Therefore, I think that nothing can beat Hollywood films. Besides, the first full-length colour films were made there.

Our countries have always been rivals in politics, economics and each country wanted to prove its leadership in the world. In this connection, I would like to say that, to my mind, there will always be strong competition between Russia and America in every sphere of life.

Student 2. I am of the other opinion. First of all, I would like to say that I find the question of Russian-American cooperation in film making very important. In the recent years the contacts between the two countries have increased. Cinema reflects everything that is happening nowadays not only in our own country but everywhere in the world. And, as it is stated, there is a tendency of integration and humanization worldwide. Film makers take part in exciting joint projects. As it was reported earlier, Russians and Americans make films together. I think it is a good sign and a reason of talking about Russian-American cooperation in cinema.

VII. Домашнее задание: You are going to read a TV ad about cinema. A young film director, Aleksei German, Jr., is expressing his feelings about the process of shooting a film. What impression does it make on you?

Don` t you think that such words are related to the cinema in general? Can you feel that there is something consolidating all the creative people in the words? Try to translate the story from Russian into English.

Алексей Герман-младший.

Для меня кино – это, прежде всего, сам съемочный процесс. В нем есть такой момент, когда кадр уже выстроен, все отрепетировано, готово к работе, и нужно только дождаться команды для начала съемок. Остается еще несколько секунд, поправляется грим, проверяется техника, концентрируются на роли актеры.

С волнением ты ждешь, что через мгновение придуманный тобою мир станет реальностью. Набор заученных действий превратится в живую историю. Важно, чтобы каждый кадр был убедительным, внушал доверие, заставлял сопереживать. Значение имеет даже самая маленькая деталь, едва уловимый штрих – во всем должна чувствоваться искренность, правда. Заканчивается ожидание, ускоряется время, включается камера. Возникает ощущение, что не было этих долгих часов подготовки и неуверенности. Кадр становится живым существом, со своим характером, настроением, идеей. Так на твоих глазах рождается кино.

Today we have spoken about Russian and American films, actors, film directors. We have exchanged our views about modern cinematography and have tried to solve the problem if Russian and American film makers choose competition or cooperation. We have come to the conclusion that both Russian and American film making is original and has specific features. For a long time our countries have been isolated from each other, but we are glad to announce that there is a tendency to cooperation.

Cinema is a real art. It appeals to our souls. It touches various areas of our life. It examines people's feelings and their emotions. It shows that people all over the world are different and similar at the same time.

Cinema has a huge power of influencing and changing people's lives, because it can show the way out from difficult situations, it can help to find the real values of our existence.

We hope that Russian-American cooperation in cinematography will help our countries to join their efforts in the struggle against vices of the contemporary society such as: drug addiction, crime, violence. There is too much evil in the world. And the moral duty of those who posses the power of influencing other people is to stop displaying violence on our screens. We think one way out is not to defeat the evil, but to create the good and show how beautiful and exciting it is. It will help people to choose good over bad.
Представленный урок привлек внимание учащихся, так как соответствовал их познавательным интересам. Материал урока являлся мотивирующим стимулом для возникновения речемыслительной деятельности и проявления коммуникативных способностей учащихся. Неподдельный интерес вызвало содержание урока, новизна и актуальность выбранной темы.

В настоящее время можно увидеть много фильмов как отечественного, так и зарубежного производства, в которых российские актеры говорят по-английски. Обращение к этой теме является показательным примером и огромным стимулом для возникновения заинтересованности ребят в изучении английского языка. Учащиеся убеждаются в эффективности использования иностранного языка в коммуникативных целях популярными российскими представителями киноискусства.

Таким образом, на уроке были достигнуты все поставленные цели: активизирован лексический материал по изучаемой теме, были повторены и нашли свое применение в новой ситуации речевые образцы «Способы выражения своего мнения» и другие. В плане реализации воспитательной направленности урока пристального внимания был удостоен факт признания достижений российского киноискусства, успешной его интеграции в мировое сообщество кинематографии. Содержание урока способствовало усилению чувства патриотизма, с одной стороны, а также возникновения ощущения единства обеих стран в осознании общечеловеческих ценностей.

Литература:

1. Белоусов, Ю.А. Я познаю мир: Детская энциклопедия: Кино / Ю.А. Белоусов. – М.: «Издательство Астрель», «Олимп», «Фирма Издательство АСТ», 2000. – 432с.

2. Герман, А. Кино… / А.Герман // National Geographic. –2008 – июль - С. 6-7

3. Голушкова, Н.М. Развитие психических аспектов личности и учащихся на уроках ИЯ / Н.М. Голушкова // Иностранные языки в школе. – 2008. - №2. – С. 2-8.

4. Максимова, В.Н. Межпредметные связи в процессе обучения / В.Н. Максимова. – М.: Изд-во Просвещение, 1988. – 192с.

5. Озар, А. The Best Not From the West / А. Озар // Московские новости на английском языке. – 2006. - №15. – С.16.