Radioactivity Neutralization Methods
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5. Organization of tests A HTCS disk was ordered from a CAN superconductor producer44. Material is melt textured YBa2Cu3O7-x with Y2BaCuO5 excess. Critical temperature 90 K. Diameter is 56 mm. Height is 16 mm. See Fig. 1. 
Figure 1. HTCS disk Cooling of the HTCS was performed by liquid nitrogen. The HTCS disk was placed in a plastic tank and immersed in nitrogen vapors. See Fig. 2. 
Figure 2. One of the plastic tanks with the HTCS disk 
Figure 3. Cooling by liquid nitrogen The detection of weight changes was made by digital scales HL-100 with accuracy 0.01 gram. Balance rod with mass difference about 20 grams were located in a stable place of laboratory where any vibrations were minimized. The loads are 50 grams and 70 grams. In another experiment two loads were equal to 500 grams and balanced with small (about 20 grams) difference. See Fig. 4. The loads were made of plastic. 
Figure 4. Balance scales The HTCS disk was mechanically rotated by a 3.000 rpm electromotor. See Figure 5. In this experimental setup the HTCS disk that was placed in the rotor and cooled by liquid nitrogen could be used in a superconductive state only during a period of 20-30 seconds. Due to this problem many measurements on rotational tests could not be reported here as reliable data. 
Figure 5. Electromotor and rotating plastic tank for HTCS disk 6. Logbook June 23, 2007. Reproduction of Schnurer experiment with balance scales. There were no visible effects for the phase transition from superconductive state to non-superconductive. It was planned to build a more precise rotational detector for more precise measurements. Production of low-frequency and high-frequency generators and the experimental setup to rotate a HTCS disk was started. Another experiment was organized June 23: High-voltage discharge to an HTCS disk, which was immersed in liquid nitrogen, See Fig, 6. 
Figure 6
June 30, 2007. Test with rotational detector. See Fig. 7. 
Figure 7. Rotational detector The detector is made of wooden rods and plastic loads. Small glass plate in central point of the horizontal rod reflect a red laser beam to the wall of the laboratory placed at 2 meters distance that allowed detection of small angle oscillations of the horizontal rod. The vertical axis was made of tungsten wire 0.05 mm diameter. All parts of the detector were placed under glass bell to avoid air flow interferences. Experiment: cooled in plastic tank HTCS disk was placed near the detector. After 30-40 seconds when the disk was changing to non-superconductive state the attraction of mass to the disk was detected. After 3-5 min the detector is turning back to previous stable position. Maximum of the effect was measured if the HTCS disk was oriented by its flat side to the detector. Experiment was reproduced 4 times. It seems to be impossible provide any quantitative data on this effect and future testing is necessary. Possible mistakes here related with heat and cold flows, i.e. thermogravitation theory. To confirm or disprove this idea new tests with cold non-superconductive mass were organized. Metal disk of mass, which is equal to mass of tested HTCS disk, was cooled by liquid nitrogen and placed near of the rotational detector. Small effect of attraction of the load to the cold mass also was detected in this case. Values of effects for HTCS disk and simple metal disk are different. Conclusion: Future testing is necessary to confirm if phase transition in superconductor generate gravity wave and produce attraction/repulsion of the detector. July 2, 2007. Experiment with permanent magnet installed near of rotating HTCS disk. This experiment was planned to test if Lorenz force can be the reason for the gradient in Bose condensate that changes its density and generates gravity a wave. Fig. 8 is the case of radial magnetic field, and Fig. 9 shows the axial superposition of the permanent magnet (Faraday disk). 
Figure 8. Superconductive disk and radial magnetic field 
Figure 9. Superconductive disk and axial magnetic field 
Fig.10 Radial permanent magnet installed near rotating HTSC disk The mass of the loads for this case was 50 grams (above the HTCS disk) and 70 grams (on the weight scales). The rotation velocity was about 2000 rpm. The magnet of the 1T field is made of NdFeB material. The cylinder was 25 mm in diameter and 24 mm in height. The distance from magnet to HTCS disk was about 7 mm. Weight changes were detected as 0.02 gram only in experiments with axial superposition of the magnet (see Fig. 9). It is equal to 0.04% mass change; that is too small to be considered as reliable data. July 4, 2007 Tests with low-frequency magnetic fields were organized both for the case of stationary HTCS disk and for the case of rotation of the disk. Sinusoidal input signal with frequency from 10 Hz up to 1 kilohertz was connected to transistor current amplifier loaded on an output coil. For frequencies between 10 Hz – 100 hertz the coil was made of 500 turns of 1 mm wire on a U-shape transformator metal core. See Fig. 11. 
Figure 11. Low-frequency tests Frequencies from 100 Hz up to 10 KHz were tested with another output coil and ferrite core – see Fig.12 and Fig.13. 
Figure 12 
Figure 13 A small positive result was detected for the case of rotation in the field of 1 kiloHertz frequency. Weight changes were detected as 0.02 gram for mass of the load 500 gram. It probably was a measurements mistake since percent ratio of the mass changes here is 0.004% only. July 9, 2007 Tests for frequencies from 10 KHz up to 3 MHz were organized with an air core output coil placed above the HTCS disk, Fig. 14 and Fig. 15. 
Figure 14 
Figure 15 All tests in this case were negative. That is it was not confirmed that the electromagnetic field in this case produced significant weight changes. Both stationary and rotational HTCS disks were tested. July 12, 2007 A high-frequency generator was designed. See Fig. 16 and Fig.17 for tests of 3 MHz – 40 MHz frequency band. The output power was about 10-30 watts. 
Figure 16 
Figure 17 Weight changes were detected as 0.06 gram for the case of stationary disk. The frequency was about 30 MHz. A high-frequency generator was installed above the HTCS disk, which was immersed in liquid nitrogen. It seems to be strange that the weight changes were stable after the electromagnetic generator was OFF. Quantitative data: This weight change is about 0.01% only. The case of rotation of the disk in high-frequency electromagnetic field also was tested but without estimated effects – see Fig. 18. Perhaps that in this case important data was missed due to the short time of superconductive state of the disk placed in the rotor. Another possible reason is that a high-frequency electromagnetic field was dissipated in metal parts of the rotor. 
Figure 18 7. Conclusions 7.1. Experiments were organized with low-power electromagnetic fields. Due to the short time of superconductivity state of rotating HTCS disk, reported effects for rotation tests can not be considered as reliable data and additional experimenting can be necessary. 7.2. There are positive effects in the case of rotation of the HTCS disk in permanent magnet field oriented cross the disk axially. If this effect is not a mistake then it can be explained by consideration of conditions created by this design for local gradient of Bose condensate density in the disk due to Lorenz force. Oscillations of this density due to rotation for the disk can generate gravity wave in axial (vertical) directions above and below the permanent magnet. 7.3. The main task of the project was to find resonance effects in the 10-100 MHz frequency range. Some effects were detected for 1 KHz and 30 MHz frequencies. To get more reliable data it is necessary to increase the power of the electromagnetic field. 8. Planning of the future experiment Rotation or motion of HTCS matter in future tests is not planned. It is planned to test superconductor films instead of solid-state disks. Instead of high-frequency electromagnetic field producing induction currents in the HTCS it is planned to use high-frequency electric fields, which allows creating high-frequency oscillations of Bose condensate and by this way to change its density to find reliable experimental data on resonance frequencies predicted in45. Source: Alexander V. Frolov is owner and director of the research firm Faraday Lab, Russia, since 2001. He develops alternative energy and advanced aerospace projects. The publication of this article can be useful to find partners and investors for the next stage of experiments. 
Mr. Alexander V. Frolov Director, Faraday Lab Ltd, Russia http://www.faraday.ru http://alexfrolov.narod.ru email: a2509@yahoo.com, phone 7-920-794-4448 +7 910 9482509 Skype alexfrolov2509 Alexander Frolov’s References 1. Radioactive Waste Treatment Methods 1.1. Frolov's method using waves of density of aether was tested in 2006. The customer of research was my Faraday Lab Ltd. company, The contractor was St. Petersburg University. Result is 20% decrease of environmental radioactivity in the area around a generator of waves of density of aether during 10 hours of experimentation. http://www.faraday.ru/radioactivity.pdf 1.2. Gravimagnetic field, experiments by Frolov of 2007. Application is Radioactive Waste Treatment http://www.faraday.ru/gravimagnetic_superconductor.pdf
To: David Crockett Williams Date: Monday, April 05, 1999 Subject: Re: RadWaste Remediation ACTION OPPORTUNITY
Dr. M's telephone # is: 613-238-4437. I don't think he has an email address. I have just moved recently and I have hundreds of boxes to go through. However, the patent I referred to has to do with putting whatever you want to get rid of (including radioactive waste) into special large containers that have fins. These are put on container ships and sent to the trenches (like the Mariana Trench). The ocean trenches are really big cracks in the mantel of the earth that are filled with mud. The containers are dumped over the side and "fly" into the mud to a depth of about 200 feet. Over the next 1000 years they are sucked into the subduction zone and the molecules are literally torn apart in the molten layer between the earth's crust and the earth's center (the giant crystal). I have the patent somewhere. I talked to the inventor at Purdue several years ago when I was working as an Environmental Engineer. Eldon But what happens to the containers when they don’t sink far enough, are blocked by a boulder in the mud, or even not sink into the mud at all? Will the radioactive waste eventually overheat and escape into the ocean? Hawkings’ Generator of Cold Electricity Kenneth Hawkings’ generator results from feeding high voltages oscillating at optimally 150,000 hertz to two 4-inch fluorescent lights. Each fluorescent tube has a strong permanent magnet attached to its center – north pole on one side, and south pole on the other side. The magnetic field between the two poles deflects the electrons in the tube off to one side. The tube is now no longer capable of generating hot electricity. Instead only cold electricity is extracted from the zero point energy field by the tube. The cold electricity emanates out the other end of the tubes which are each wired to a brass electrode. A 6 to 8-inch white spark of cold electricity 4 inches in diameter is produced between the two brass balls. Apparently very little power is being drawn from two car batteries. An equivalent-sized spark generated by an arc welder would require thousands of amperes and volts. Gary Vesperman suggests that Jack Dea’s proposed design of a ball lightning fusion reactor may function with a spark of cold electricity instead of a hot spark requiring much greater power. Cold electricity is not measurable with ordinary voltmeters and ammeters since it strangely has no electrons. However, cold electricity can power lamps, etc. Totally different applications could result from the observation that materials inserted in a spark of cold electricity sometimes transmute to elements of higher density. Gary Vesperman has a video of an earlier version of the Hawkings’ generator where the dazzling white spark of cold electricity is only about the size of a peanut due to a much lower frequency being used. A weird ‘singing’ noise heard in the video indicates that energy is being extracted from the omnipresent zero point energy field. Even Nicola Tesla himself long ago observed the same connection of singing noise to energy extraction. The Hawkings’ generator, although fairly simple and can completely be made with inexpensive commonly available components, is still in its earliest stages of development. Gary Vesperman’s friend Henry Curtis was the person who brought the Hawkings’ generator to the Gary Vesperman’s attention and provided him with a video. Curtis has been investigating and attending conferences on new energy technologies for over 15 years. Curtis thinks the Hawkings’ generator is the most exciting fuel-less energy source he has ever seen. Gary Vesperman has talked with some Las Vegas engineers about building their own prototype for testing. Frankly, ‘cold electricity’ is still very much a huge mystery. Gary Vesperman has a B.S. Electrical Engineering degree from University of Wisconsin-Madison and has become familiar with all sorts of weird devices. Even he has no idea as to how mathematical formulas could be written describing the most fascinating phenomenon of cold electricity. Remediating Nuclear Waste with Electron-Captured Protons with Significant Net Energy Gain This technology constitutes an enormously promising source of "free" energy. Using high-density charge cluster accelerators, it is now technologically feasible to produce 10-20 times as much energy by remediating radioactivity emissions from stockpiles of nuclear waste products as they originally produced. As a result of the patented work of Kenneth Shoulders, Shang-Xian Jin, Dr. Hal Puthoff, Prof. Illyanuch, Prof. Mesyats, and others, this new low-velocity method for remediating nuclear waste with electron-captured protons has been demonstrated in laboratory tests to generate substantially more energy [in the form of photons as light and electrons as heat] than is required to power the treatment apparatus itself. The technique produces electron clusters with energy densities equivalent to 25,000 degrees Celsius upon impact with a target material, while consuming only 20 microjoules to produce the effect. The electron clusters travel at no more than 10% light speed and have been shown to penetrate any substance with a high degree of precision. Using a deuterium-loaded palladium foil, bombardment areas demonstrate transmutation into silicon, calcium, magnesium and lithium. Plasma physicist Shang_Xian Jin's paper describes how the high-density electron clusters achieve impact results similar to those produced by high-velocity ion accelerators, including penetration of the nucleus, with 1000 times less power. The new physics of like-charges clustering in bundles under low power conditions opens a wide range of possible applications including micro-thrusters for space craft maneuvering. The over-unity energy conversion efficiency of these systems is currently estimated to be at least nine to one. The collective ion acceleration method has been designed and developed to the point of bench testing in the laboratory. The collective ion accelerator is completely documented, has been submitted to the Department of Energy, and is ready for full laboratory testing, prototype construction and testing. Development phases II and III each need several million dollars. Phase IV would involve on-site field testing of a transportable system suitable for remediation of radioactive emissions in both liquid and solid wastes; Salt Lake City, Utah research group led by Chinese plasma physicist Dr. Shang Xian Jin. The following “Radioactive Remediation System – Executive Summary” was prepared for presentation to the Governor’s Office in the State of West Virginia as part of a project development program. It describes the process in layman’s terms and provides substantial background information to create an accurate context. Memorandum Date: 1 September 2011 From: David G. Yurth, Director: Science & Technology The Nova Institute of Technology LLC To: Fred Spain, Chairman/CEO – RansonGreen Community Development Foundation, Inc. Ref: RansonGreen Community Development Foundation, Inc. Remediation of Radioactive Fuel Waste Abstract One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is to develop a method for remediating high-level nuclear waste generated by fission-based power production systems. The problems associated with reducing alpha, gamma and beta emissions generated by high-level solid and liquid nuclear waste materials are technically difficult for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this project is to suggest alternative approaches which can be designed, tested, prototyped and adapted to satisfy the technical, scientific, and engineering problems associated with reducing radioactive emissions generated by spent nuclear fuel waste materials to ambient background levels. The remediation technique described here is most easily adapted to the treatment of solid nuclear waste materials. It exploits the nature of a patented phenomenological process referred to in the literature as ‘high-density charge clusters’ to disaggregate the nuclear structure of target materials to lower energy states as a means for reducing the intensity, rate of emissions, and half-life with each interaction. A multi-phased approach is proposed to resolve the scientific, engineering and technical problems related to the suggested approach in five successive research, design ans development phases. Estimated cost to complete the first three phases which will deliver field testable beta units in six fields of application is less than $10,000,000.00. Each phase is estimated to require between 12 – 18 months, with a total expected project term of 3 – 5 years. Backgrounnd More than 30 techniques for mitigating radioactive emissions in spent nuclear fuel waste materials have been proposed and experimentally tested over the past 50 years. They range from simple incineration of low-level waste in a 7000F furnace to catastrophic destruction of the elemental materials via a process called nuclear spallation. Alchemical techniques have been proposed and unsuccessfully tested. Low and intermediate-level liquid waste materials have been subjected to various means for precipitating radiation-emitting solids using three primary techniques, but high-level solids have not been successfully handled using these techniques. At the present time no viable methodology has been developed and/or demonstrated for a scientifically validated commercial or industrial system that effectively ameliorates the problem. Define the Problem Radioactivity, the emission of nuclear particles and gamma radiation by elemental materials, occurs naturally everywhere on the planet. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material [NORM], for example, is brought to the surface in a slurry every time an oil or deep water well is drilled into the surface of the earth. Radium is used on the faces of watches, radioactive isotopes are used in the construction of cellular phones, computer screens, and a host of devices ubiquitously distributed around the world and used by billions of people every day. Radioactive carbon interpenetrates the air we breathe, the soil we use to grow crops, vegetables, and feed stock. Commercial and industrial x-ray and welding equipment rely on the radioactive properties of various materials to increase efficiency and effectiveness. Every microwave oven in the world uses a magnetron emitter that is coated with radioactive thorium to increase effectiveness and penetration. Medical devices and treatment modalities used in the practice of conventional allopathic medicine rely increasingly on the properties of radioactive materials. Nuclear power plants rely on the heat generated by various combinations of radioactive materials, some of which occur naturally and others that are deliberately manufactured, to create steam which is used to drive turbines that power generators to produce electrical power. Fuel rods made of alloyed zirconium are stuffed with pellets of highly radioactive isotopes such as uranium, thorium, cesium, cobalt, radium, iodine and others. Zirconium is used to encase the materials because in its virgin state it is largely transparent to the emission of the alpha and beta particles and gamma rays generated by the fuel pellets. Neutrons, heavy nuclear particles, are emitted at extremely high velocities, estimated to be as high as 70% of the speed of light. As they interact with similar emissions produced by adjacent fuel rods in an array referred to as a ‘nuclear pile’, tremendous heat is generated. If allowed to operate unchecked, the amount of heat produced in a nuclear pile will result in the kind of uncontrollable catastrophic events witnessed at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl during the latter half of the 20th Century. Runaway nuclear reactions are moderated – controlled, if you will – by the insertion of rods, bars, or stacks of densely compacted graphite which are strategically placed between the fuel rods contained in the pile. Graphite absorbs and effectively dissipates the electrodynamic and kinetic energy exhibited by the particles emitted in the pile. Temperatures and emission rates can thus be managed by positioning the graphite modulators elements within the pile itself during operation. During the life cycle of a typical fuel rod several factors combine to eventually render the rod unsuitable for continued use. While the nuclear decay process is taking place inside the fuel rod, daughter products are constantly being formed. These materials come into being as the result of the deterioration and electrodynamic imbalance exhibited by the original elemental pellets themselves. The by-products created during the decay process include substances such as plutonium, for example, which is the primary element used to manufacture nuclear weapons. The amount of time the daughter materials continue to emit high velocity neutrons, protons, electrons, light, heat, and intense gamma radiation varies from 10-15 seconds to more than 3.5 million years, with the average being somewhere in the 250,000-year range. Fuel rods are removed from the pile after less than 15% of their energy release potential has been exploited because the zirconium fuel rods become structurally unstable and lose their ability to permit emission products from passing freely into the pile. The process by which this occurs is referred to as ‘neutron embrittlement’. Embrittlement occurs in every material used to encapsulate expended fuel rods because the velocity of heavy nuclear particles [e.g., neutrons, protons, nucleons and hadron clusters] is high enough to catastrophically annihilate individual atoms contained in the crystalline lattice of the encapsulating materials. Eventually the embrittlement becomes so severe that it threatens the viability of the containment vessel as a safe means for containing the fuel pellets. The breach of an embrittled fuel rod represents a serious threat to the continued safe operation of every nuclear power plant because the uncontrollable release of high-level radioactive materials into the surrounding pile and cooling elements can trigger a self-sustaining and uncontrollable critical event. This is what happened at Chernobyl to precipitate the eventual disaster that occurred there. When encapsulated materials are placed in a pile, they are also bathed in cooling agents such as water, some noble gases and mercury. Highly flammable gases such as hydrogen are produced as a by-product of the nuclear bombardment of water used to cool the pile. Direct contact with active nuclear fuel rods results in radioactive contamination of the cooling agents themselves. The cooling agents become so contaminated over time that they must also be removed, encapsulated, and stored for future treatment of one kind or another. At Savannah River, where several million gallons of such material have been stored above ground in 20” thick stainless steel containers, the ground water and the site itself have become so contaminated that it is no longer safe for humans to traffic that site. Neutron embrittlement has produced extensive fissures and cracks in the stainless steel tanks containing high-level radioactive waste materials in liquid form over a period of less than 35 years. It is now known that no material yet designed by humans can be expected to withstand the embrittlement process longer than 100 years, under ideal circumstances. This is one of the primary reasons why the Yucca Mountain initiative has been abandoned by the US Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. |