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Project Document The gef small Grants Programme Fourth Operational Phase (gef-4) July 2007 – June 2010 The gef small Grants Programme Fourth Operational Phase (gef-4) Table of Contents


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Outcome 2. Sustainable use of biodiversity established in production landscapes / seascapes (including agriculture, forests, fisheries, and tourism) through community-based conservation, innovative approaches, and market mechanisms





  1. In 2005, GEF SGP completed a survey of the range of all the biodiversity-based products from production landscapes funded by the programme. Out of projects surveyed, at least 667 projects were identified as potentially marketable biodiversity products. The categories of biodiversity products inventoried from the research appear in the table below. During OP4, GEF SGP will work to consolidate supply chains by working with networks of producers in particular product categories, in particular through innovative approaches, such as the use of market mechanisms, blended grants and loans, biodiversity offsets, and payments for ecosystem services (PES). Table 4 presents a list of biodiversity-based products that have been produced by SGP projects.




  1. A preliminary review of GEF SGP marketing projects was conducted in 2005. In July 2006, the GEF SGP organized a thematic workshop on ‘Product Development, Marketing and Certification’ in conjunction with the UNDP/GEF technical advisor for private sector strategies, in Panama city. The workshop brought together a range of certification agencies (organic, Fair Trade, FSC, Rainforest Alliance), private sector partners, biodiversity funds, international foundations, and GEF SGP National Coordinators. One output of the Panama workshop has been the preparation of a set of guiding principles for GEF SGP private sector engagement.


Table 4

Biodiversity-Based Products in GEF SGP Project Database

CATEGORY

PRODUCT EXAMPLES

Forest Products

Timber, Pulp/Paper Products, Palm Fiber Products

Non-timber Forest Products

Extracts, Resins, Fruits, Seeds, Nuts

Agricultural Products

Land Race/Native Crops, Indigenous Seeds, Major and Minor Crops, Roots, Shoots and Tubers, Fruits, Honey, Beeswax

Horticultural and Botanical Products

Ornamental Flowers, Medicinal Plants

Agroforestry Products

Coffee, Cocoa, Fruits

Handicrafts and Textiles

Baskets, Silk and Cotton Fabrics, Embroidered Clothing, Wood Carvings, Jewelry

Personal Care and Health Products

Makeup, Soaps, Essential Oils, Nutritional Supplements

Aquatic Products

Edible and Ornamental Fish, Shrimp, Oysters, Pearls, Sea Urchins, Sea Weed, Sea Moss

Livestock Products

Green Beef, Ewe, Native Livestock Species

Insect Products

Butterflies




  1. GEF SGP will seek to respond to the mandate of the forthcoming CBD negotiations regarding provenance and ‘certificates of origin’ to be developed at COP8 and beyond. A major consideration for production landscapes and seascapes will be the extent to which market differentiation of value-added labels, such as formal certification, are sufficiently “scale-sensitive” to the needs of small producers. Market volatility and business risks involved in product development for small producers will need to be carefully considered in developing the GEF SGP portfolio pipeline for OP4 for different sectors. Recent trends indicate that harmonization of biodiversity- friendly labeling standards will take place over GEF4 leading to a convergence in site level of monitoring protocols at the field level. LDCs and SIDS are recognized as especially marginalized from global and regional markets. As a result, many of the “new” GEF SGP countries (mainly LDCs and SIDS) will require additional capacity building to be able to access innovative market mechanisms.


Output 2.1: Sustainable use and innovative approaches, including market mechanisms, reflected in all projects approved in the biodiversity focal area


  1. In addition to the core mandate of grantmaking. SGP will build on the preliminary work in OP2 and OP3 and will: (a) further develop existing pilot projects for the “blending” of grants with loan capital, and (b) explore private sector biodiversity “offsets” (from voluntary sources). GEF SGP will develop further business models for providing partial risk guarantees (in the form of support, expertise and other interventions) for loans to local communities from private international environmental sources (many of which have little knowledge of the capacity development needs of the community-based organizations that are candidates for loans).




  1. Two GEF SGP strategic projects to support a GEF SGP producer network of Mexican organic honey, and a GEF SGP Costa Rica network of over 70 projects on community-based ecotourism have been approved by the inter-IA panel on strategic projects. Since July 2006, a further pipeline of strategic project on marketing and ecosystem service payments has been under preparation.




  1. Activities: GEF SGP will prepare guidelines and toolkits for sustainable use, innovative approaches and market mechanisms at the global and country levels, and conduct thematic workshops on specific sustainable use and marketing clusters as appropriate. To the extent possible, GEF SGP country programmes will review NSC composition to ensure participation by marketing, business and sustainability experts in particular for biodiversity and climate change focal areas. Further development of the strategic project pipeline of GEF SGP will focus on the consolidation of supply chains and influencing local, national, and regional markets.




  1. Geographic areas: A regional and geographic focus on Important agrobiodiversity hotspots of West Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia, and Arab States will target assistance to countries including: Bhutan, Cambodia, Egypt, India, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Morocco, Nepal, Philippines, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Syria, Thailand, Tunisia, Vietnam, and Yemen. Central and South American semi-wild and domesticated production landscapes will prioritize efforts towards Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, and Uruguay. The Pacific SIDS threatened terrestrial and marine habitats initiative will work with all Pacific SIDS as part of the GEF Islands strategy under development by the GEF Secretariat including Cook Islands, Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.


CLIMATE CHANGE

Outcome 3: Intensify the replication, scaling up, or mainstreaming of climate change mitigation barrier removal models that have been successfully tested and practically applied at the local level, in national development priorities and plans





  1. GEF SGP will intensify the replication, up scaling or mainstreaming of climate change mitigation barrier removal models or approaches. These models include: focused and targeted market mechanisms, innovative financing modalities, inclusive partnerships, leveraging of social capital with financial and technical resources and focused lobbying and capacity development. The models/approaches have been applied mainly in mature countries and the young SGP country programmes will continue to promote climate change activities with attributes that stimulate replication, up scaling or mainstreaming.




  1. The models relate to removal of barriers for the promotion of renewable energy, energy efficiency and sustainable mobility. They relate to community livelihoods and development themes/activities such as: efficient or environmentally sustainable practices or use of renewable energies in housing sector, brick making, small and micro enterprises, cooking and lighting, energy for agricultural activities, solar drying, and sustainable transport.




  1. SGP will initiate partnerships with GEF IAs, EAs, civil society, public, private sector and other development partners. Partnerships will be crucial for the achievement of this objective. For example, SGP will forge partnership with IAs and EAs to promote up-scaling, replication, or mainstreaming energy access approaches in West Africa SGP country programmes. It will also work with governments, development partners and the commercial sector to upscale, replicate or mainstream components of models in at least twenty (20) mature SGP country programmes while supporting all the new country programmes to implement projects with attributes that will stimulate up scaling, replication, or mainstreaming.




  1. The number of GEF SGP country programmes incorporating components of innovative models for promotion of energy efficiency, renewable energy or sustainable transport in development activities at local level will increase during the GEF-4 period.




  1. SGP will proactively link local level community climate change mitigation activities with financial institutions/ modalities or the private sector to create sustainable social entrepreneurs. Such linkages will stimulate non-traditional market mechanisms that will open up and expand markets for the promotion of renewable energy, energy efficiency and sustainable transport technologies/practices. The markets are currently not easily accessible for the promotion of clean energy technologies/practices.


Output 3.1: Sustainable frameworks in place for implementing local climate change activities that are linked to market mechanisms, policy interventions or national development initiatives


  1. Activities: GEF SGP will support projects that have attributes that stimulates or lays the foundation for scaling up, replicating or mainstreaming renewable energy, energy efficiency and sustainable transport activities in specific regions or countries. GEF SGP will promote through the NSCs, projects or capacity building projects and activities that are implemented in partnerships or linked to market mechanisms, policy interventions, or larger national initiatives. GEF SGP will assess and document the socio-economic and development costs and benefits, to illustrate the incremental reduction of costs and expansion of benefits from initial pilots to replicated, up-scaled or mainstreamed models or approaches in mature GEF SGP countries.




  1. Geographic areas: All SGP programme regions ( Asia and the pacific, Africa, Europe, Arab States and Latin America and the Caribbean) In these regions, GEF SGP will forge partnerships with GEF IAs and EAs, local authorities, the private sector and development partners to specifically promote environmentally sustainable transport as it relates to bicycles pathways, pedestrian walkways, Bus Rapid Transport (BRT), electric three wheelers, biofuels as it relates to transport policy building on experiences in such countries as Nepal, Lithuania, Sri-lanka, Pakistan, Egypt, India, Chile, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Egypt, India, Jordan, Jamaica, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Iran, Thailand, Tunisia, Mozambique, Barbados, Papua New Guinea, Mali, Tanzania, Kenya, Ghana




  1. West African LDC countries: GEF SGP will forge partnership with GEF Implementing and Executing Agencies to promote the mainstreaming, up scaling and replication of renewable energy and energy efficiency approaches and models for expanding energy access in such countries as Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Benin, Chad, Mauritania, Cote Divorce, and Gambia




  1. All GEF SGP country programmes, especially the mature country programmes, will seek partnerships with the private sector, local authorities, Governments and development partners to enhance the process of mainstreaming, up scaling, or replication of models/ approaches for expanding access to renewable energy, energy efficiency and environmentally sustainable transport. Country programmes that have existing models and /or approaches for scaling up, replication and mainstreaming includes:- Bolivia, Chile, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Papua New Guinea, Uganda, Tanzania, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic , Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Egypt, Vietnam, Jordan, Lithuania, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Thailand, Mauritius, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Tunisia, Morocco, Guatemala, Trinidad and Tobago. New GEF SGP country programmes will continue to implement climate change activities that promote partnerships or have strong attributes to support mainstreaming, up scaling or replication. Most of these countries have young GEF SGP programmes.

Outcome 4: Community-Based Adaptation (CBA) practices promoted and incorporated in national development priorities





  1. GEF SGP will contribute to helping communities improve their climate change adaptive capacity, reduce their vulnerability and contribute to improving the resilience of their ecosystems. GEF SGP will work in partnership with the UNDP GEF in the implementation of the Community Based Adaptation project (CBA) with resources from the Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA). The project will help the GEF SGP in particular, and GEF in general, to develop the necessary experience, tools and methods for effective implementation of adaptation projects at the local level.




  1. During the GEF 4, GEF SGP, with SPA funds, will support projects in ten (10) countries and build the portfolio of countries incrementally. The GEF CBA project is expected to stimulate the implementation of CBA activities from non-GEF resources that will help expand the initiative beyond the ten initial countries. GEF SGP will seek the expansion of the number of countries that will be incorporating CBA activities using different financial resources (both non-GEF and GEF). GEF SGP’s contribution to GEF and its partners is the development and testing of practical methodologies and approaches for implementation of CBA projects. For example, methodologies for implementing CBA activities in SIDS, mountain ecosystems, drought, and flood prone ecosystems. Apart from IAs and EAs, GEF SGP will forge partnerships with governments, development agencies and the civil society during the implementation of all CBA activities.




  1. GEF SGP will explore opportunities with GEF IAs and EAs to implement community adaptation components of larger initiatives under the other new GEF adaptation funds mainly the LDCF1. The potential involvement of GEF SGP will be dependent upon governments’ recognition of the role of local communities in implementing adaptation initiatives within the framework of the new GEF funds.




  1. The programme is ready to also actively implement community adaptation activities planned by GEF for regions comprised of LDCs and SIDS. The programme will also explore and take advantage of opportunities for building partnerships with bilateral, multilaterals and other development partners involved in supporting adaptation activities in the same priority regions. As a consequence, adaptation components will be treated in the same light as sustainable development components in regular GEF SGP projects where the partnership funds the non-GEF components. Such activities will be outside the SCCF and LDCF criteria and therefore will require adherence to the GEF Trust funds criteria of addressing one or more of GEF focal areas that lead to achievement of global environmental benefits. Partners’ resources in such cases would be used for co-financing the non-global environmental benefits components and development baseline components.


Output 4.1: Strengthened involvement of local communities in national adaptation interventions increased


  1. Activities: GEF SGP will launch the CBA global programme jointly with UNDP GEF to initiate activities in the first 10 countries. The list of countries includes Bangladesh, Vietnam, Kazakhstan, Samoa, Niger, Morocco, Namibia, Jamaica, Guatemala, and Bolivia. It will engage Governments to promote the incorporation of CBA activities in national adaptation plans and priorities. It will support a portfolio of more than 80 CBA projects in the ten countries. Implementation of a portfolio of projects will include capacity building activities, information sharing and exchange in relevant international CBA networks. SGP will monitor and document focused lessons in ten countries that will lead to their publication, documentation .and sharing globally




  1. Geographic areas: Activities will target a broad representation of different ecosystems including: mountain ecosystems dry and flood prone areas and SIDS. Other country programmes in other ecosystems will be engaged through partnerships with IAs and EAs to implement components of LDCF projects (MSPs and FSPs). Second category of SGP country programmes that will be engaged with community based adaptation interventions include Pacific and Caribbean SIDS s, such as all Pacific SIDS, Barbados and OECS, Belize, Comoros Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Madagascar and Mauritius.


INTERNATIONAL WATERS

Outcome 5: Demonstration of community-based approaches for the implementation of SAPs, and models replicated, scaled up and mainstreamed





  1. GEF’s IW objectives are “To foster international, multi-state cooperation on priority transboundary water concerns through more comprehensive, ecosystem-based approaches to management;” and “To play a catalytic role in addressing transboundary water concerns by assisting countries to utilize the full range of technical assistance, economic, financial, regulatory and institutional reforms that are needed, including active leveraging of co-financing.”




  1. GEF SGP IW will address priority issues identified by Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis and undertake actions to support the implementation of Strategic Action Programme (SAP) in OP4. GEF SGP fills in the gap of civil society involvement left by many full-sized projects that often focus on working with national governments at the regional level due to sovereignty and politically sensitive issues. Realizing the vast coverage of a transboundary waterbody and the relatively small-size and local nature of GEF SGP actions, GEF SGP will undertake demonstrative and innovative community-based activities, build local capacity and foster regional NGOs and civil society network to support the implementation of regionally agreed “regulatory and institutional reforms,” (normally in the form of SAP) with a particular focus on water-related issues affecting community livelihoods, including fisheries and other resources. In certain countries where waterbodies (such as lakes, rivers, and aquifers) are critical to local livelihoods and basic needs, GEF SGP will also initiate support projects. GEF SGP will systematically link with regional mechanisms and projects to position itself as a demonstration mechanism of good models and practices for replication, upscaling, and mainstreaming at regional and global levels.




  1. IW focal area aims to address the barriers and challenges for individual isolated communities in protecting international waters, by establishing systematic linkages with regional mechanisms and fostering inter-community learning through regional NGO networking in parallel with full-sized projects’ networking of government officials, scientists, experts and technical staff around a transboundary waterbody. GEF SGP’s experiences and lessons learnt will be channeled to regional mechanisms.




  1. GEF SGP has a special and particularly important role in GEF IW focal area in OP4 to achieve concrete global environmental benefits in IW. GEF SGP’s niche lies in its well-established NGO and communities’ networking at the national level, and the flexibility of small-sized projects, in complementation to larger scale of demonstration sites usually undertaken by local governments under full-sized projects. The networking and institutional capacity provide mechanisms for carrying out the implementation of SAP on the ground.


Output 5.1: GEF SGP IW community-based projects are fully integrated into global IW activities


  1. Activities: GEF SGP will continue building on its existing strategic partnerships and develop new collaborative relationships with potential partners; implement a regional/subregional programmatic approach to addressing international waters issues based on agreed regional priorities; and encourage knowledge sharing at the regional and global level. To ensure long-term sustainability, GEF SGP will facilitate transboundary networking of NGOs and CBOs with interests in international water issues, and foster the formation of regional identity among communities sharing a waterbody.




  1. Geographic Focus: During OP4, GEF SGP will upscale this regional/sub-regional approach, and focus on five regional seas , three river basins and one lake basin, particularly in regional seas/rivers where political conditions, institutional capacity, and regional networking allow for more effective interventions at the community level, particularly in the East Asian Seas/South China Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and Nile River. In these regions, GEF SGP will work with regional projects/programs to foster regional networking of NGOs, and independently or jointly launch community-based demonstration sites to address transboundary water issues.




  1. In other regions, GEF SGP will pilot community-based activities to support the implementation of SAP, and provide community-based experiences to larger IW initiatives in designing and implementing large demonstration site initiatives. SGP will fund projects in other waterbodies, including Black Sea/Danube, Senegal River, Lake Chad, Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Coco river, Limpopo river, Okawango River, SaveSava River, Sixaola River, Rift Valley Lakes, Volta Basin, Zambezi River, coastal zone of the Rio de la Plata and its Maritime Front, Guarani Aquifer.



LAND DEGRADATION

Outcome 6: Innovative and adaptive community-based approaches demonstrated, piloted, and integrated into global efforts to address unsustainable agricultural practices, rangeland and forestry management, while promoting local livelihood





  1. GEF LD focal area aims to achieve its goal of reducing and reversing the severity and impact of land degradation. This focal area is relatively new to the GEF SGP. Among all GEF focal area, land degradation is probably mostly related to the livelihood of communities, and the root causes of land degradation for the three productive systems of agriculture, rangeland, and forests can be effectively addressed with community efforts. Land degradation, low or declining agricultural productivity, and poverty are closely interrelated problems. GEF SGP’s niche lies in its ability to reach the poorest and most distant communities in contributing to global environmental benefits as well as promoting local livelihoods.




  1. GEF SGP positions itself as an adaptive testing mechanism for good models and practices of sustainable land management, and a knowledge/experience generator for global networking and mechanisms. It is expected that GEF SGP will serve as an on-the-ground adaptive mechanism. In collaboration with GEF IAs and EAs, efforts will be focused on producing good practices models along thematic areas (e.g., cropping patterns and land tenure issues), as well as along ecosystem types (e.g. drylands, tropical wetlands). Thus, GEF SGP in OP4 will provide practical experiences and feedback to global policy and practices in addressing land degradation.


Output 6.1: Experiences and models on community-based sustainable land management are consolidated and shared among global networks



  1. Activities: GEF SGP will develop guidelines for community-based sustainable agriculture, rangeland, and forestry, including M&E indicators; establish partnerships with national and global networks to spread out GEF SGP models and experiences; conduct portfolio reviews to provide inputs for the updating of the guidelines on community-based sustainable agriculture, rangeland and forestry management; conduct thematic studies and identify good cases on community-based sustainable agricultural practices, rangeland management and forestry management; and support projects with collaboration and partnerships with governments, private sectors, and other stakeholders for replication, upscaling and mainstreaming of community-based land management experiences. GEF SGP will then consolidate the experiences/lessons learnt for sharing with various global networks.




  1. Geographical focus: The GEF SGP will target its activities to create good practices on adaptive community-based land management addressing the degradation of agricultural land, rangeland, and forests in 87 countries of four regions, particularly in development and testing of cropping patterns, adaptation to climate change, sustainable forestry, and sustainable grazing practices.




  1. Sub Saharan States: GEF SGP in Sub Saharan States will focus on sustainable lanagement, particularly with a special focus on sustainable use of rainwater, groundwater recharge and use of groundwater resources, sustainable rangeland management; sustainable forest and woodland management, and cross-cutting issues on land management to adapt climate change.




  1. South Asia, Southeast Asia/Greater Mekong: GEF SGP country programs in this region will focus on sustainable tropical forest and woodland management, including agro-forestry, particularly on deforestation and forest degradation. Partnerships will be strengthened with the European Commission on Promoting Tropical Forest.




  1. Latin America & the Caribbean and the Pacific: GEF SGP country programs will focus on sustainable tropical forest and woodland management and sustainable agriculture, particularly on practices to improve soil fertility management as alternatives to shifting agriculture, and methods that have minimal impacts on soil structure and that improve soil and water conservation.




  1. Central Asia and Arab States: GEF SGP country programs in this region will focus on sustainable grazing practices in temperate zones and dryland management to combat desertification.


PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS

Outcome 7: Community-based approaches demonstrated on waste management to prevent open burning and Persistent Organic Pollutants pesticide management related to health issues, with good experiences disseminated to support the National Implementation Plans





  1. GEF’s overall objective in the POPs focal area is to assist countries to reduce and eliminate production, use, and releases of POPs in order to protect human health and the environment. GEF SGP will play a more strategic role in catalyzing actions to inform, influence, and change government policies and communities’ perceptions and behaviors.  GEF SGP positions itself in demonstrating, piloting and testing community-based models, with a view to providing inputs/lessons learnt/feedbacks to the improvement/updating of national implementation plans.  GEF SGP has a unique advantage in that GEF SGP countries are in different stages in ratifying and implementing the Stockholm Convention.  Lessons learned can be channeled through the GEF SGP global network and NSCs to LDCs, and improve policy-making, particularly the development of national implementation plans. 


Output 7.1: Enhanced capacity at the community level to implement the Stockholm Convention, with knowledge and good practices shared with global networks and non-party states and authorities of the Convention


  1. Activities: GEF SGP has identified two areas that are most appropriate for community-based intervention, community waste management to prevent waste burning and POPs pesticide management related to health issues. Recognizing the inadequate capacity at the community level to address POPs, GEF SGP will undertake capacity building and training among national coordinators and GEF SGP partners. GEF SGP will develop an online training module to strengthen the capacity of GEF SGP network and its stakeholders in addressing POPs; develop a guidelines on community waste management to prevent open burning and POPs pesticide alternatives, including M&E indicators; strengthen collaboration with IPEN and other POPs networks to reach out to NGOs and exchange information and knowledge; facilitate the transfer of knowledge and experiences in implementing the Stockholm Convention through GEF SGP network, from party states/authorities (Category I) to non-party states/authorities (Category II and III) through IPEN and other NGOs networks2; test and promote models to control malaria without the use of DDT; and alternatives to the use of the POPs pesticides for controlling termites and ants; and test and promote models on community-based waste management, particularly to prevent waste burning.




  1. Geographical focus: In OP4, GEF SGP will implement a staged focus approach through which countries in various stage of implementing the Stockholm Convention will play different roles in the GEF SGP POPs focal area, with an ultimate goal to strengthen local capacity in dealing with POPs issues, and influence global policy and practices in implementing the Stockholm Convention in a most cost-effective way. GEF SGP will target its limited resources on party states of the Convention, and ensure that experience/knowledge gained from advanced states will be transferred to less advanced states for better policy and practices in implementing the Convention.




  1. In terms of countries’ status in developing National Implementation Plans (NIPs), party states can be grouped into two sub-categories of countries. For Category I.A countries, the GEF SGP POPs strategic focus will center on the implementation of NIPs. Category I.B countries are in the process of developing NIPs; most of the countries will be finalizing the NIPs by the end of 2007 and move to Category I.A. GEF SGP will support activities to ensure the transparent, participatory, and community oriented approach in developing the NIPs. GEF SGP funding may pilot activities identified in the NIPs, demonstrate models, and test management modalities for the prevention, reduction, and elimination of POPs uses at the community level.

Objective 2: Sustainability: Ensure that the benefits of the long term investment of the GEF are sustained

Outcome 8: GEF SGP Country Programmes that have benefited from the GEF SGP for more than eight years beginning in 2007 are able to sustain their activities beyond GEF-4





  1. Over the past 15 years, the GEF has invested substantial financial resources in the development and implementation of the GEF SGP. At country level, this investment has resulted in extensive portfolios of community based projects yielding positive impacts on local livelihoods, the global environment, and the capacities of local organizations to constructively participate in sustainable development activities and policy dialogue. GEF SGP results and impacts have grown over the years in many countries thanks to the installed capacity of the GEF SGP Country Programmes. These Programmes are managed by dedicated National Coordinators with support from many partners. Unique to GEF SGP is the establishment of a voluntary National Steering Committee composed of governmental and non-governmental leaders in the field of environment and sustainable development.




  1. The Country Programmes consist not only of their staff and basic infrastructure, but also the experience embodied therein, as well as the networks, partnerships and knowledge generated and maintained by the Programme and its stakeholders. For lasting global environmental impacts, it is critical that the GEF investment in each participating country not be diluted or lost, but rather maintained over the longer term. In the case of the GEF SGP Country Programmes, this would speak to the need to find a model for each Programme that would rely less on GEF resources while sustaining the Programme’s approach and objectives, as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of its multi-stakeholder governance and financial management mechanisms.




  1. The GEF SGP Steering Committee, in its meeting of 11 December 2006, discussed the issue of mature Country Programmes and the transition to sustainability beyond GEF financing. This transition was termed “graduation” and a policy was agreed as follows: “Beginning in 2007, any country which has benefited from the SGP for more than 8 years will be required to present a plan to graduate from GEF funding (core and RAF resources) on completion of the GEF 4 cycle.” 3 Based on this policy, at least 40 countries will be affected by July 2010.  




  1. Country Programme sustainability poses the challenge of identifying and using other, non-GEF sources of funding to assist communities to continue to develop and implement sustainable development initiatives over time that produce global environmental benefits. The GEF SGP will work closely with each affected Country Programme and key partners to identify and implement an appropriate business model that will ensure a country driven, results-oriented programme of sustainable development at the community level that continues to produce global environmental benefits.




  1. The GEF SGP, in its Fourth Operational Phase will carefully analyze what needs to be done to prepare the affected Country Programmes for sustainability after 2010. At best, these country programmes will still continue to be part of the SGP global family as “associated countries” despite the absence of GEF funding. The alternative to this would be the loss to the GEF of important community/CBO/NGO constituencies in those countries with the greatest built capacity as well as some of the most important biodiversity and climate change values. GEF SGP will consult with the National Steering Committee and National Coordinator of each Country Programme to assess and commitment to continue to fund small community based projects within a strategically focused Country Programme Strategy; identify potential partners and promising sources of financing; identify, develop, and test appropriate and viable business models for those Country Programmes wishing to continue to pursue country-driven strategic goals through funding of small projects; identify capacity requirements to ensure optimum implementation of the business models; develop and implement training and capacity development programmes for NCs, NSCs, local partners, and others; identify and implement institutionalization measures to ensure legal standing, financial accountability, and political guidance and support.




  1. Key to the sustainability of Country Programmes is the identification and engagement of other non-GEF sources of financing to address sustainable development and global environmental priorities. GEF SGP will work with mature Country Programmes in GEF-4 to identify potential financial resources from a number of sources including fiscal and market mechanisms, foundations, multilateral funds and programmes, and others. GEF SGP will work closely with prospective partners to craft effective cooperation agreements and establish their operational modalities. At the same time, GEF SGP will assess its experience with the execution of small grants components of GEF-financed projects and explore future possibilities in this area with the GEF Implementing and Executing Agencies.




  1. The transition process from GEF-supported Country Programmes to Programmes sustained by other sources of funding will of necessity start with approval of this OP4 proposal and continue on through 2010. Partnerships will be aggressively pursued that permit commitment to Country Programmes of new and additional funding to address sustainable development priorities and which permit reductions in administrative costs of the Country Programmes, such as rent for premises, equipment costs, and salaries of local staff. A fundamental input to this transition will be review and sharing of lessons learned from analyses of Country Programme implementation across the SGP with particular emphasis on the range of mature Country Programmes. Information and knowledge gained during the transition will be made readily available to Country Programmes to help build their planning and management capacities for the post-transition environment. At the same time, transition countries will remain within the GEF SGP family as associates and participate in knowledge capture and dissemination for the benefit of the sustainable development and the global environment.



Objective 3: Resource Mobilization: Enhance the catalytic role of GEF through strengthened partnerships and resource mobilization





  1. In OP4, GEF SGP will focus on the long-term sustainability of its Country Programmes, particularly on those ‘mature’ programmes that have developed capacities, knowledge, partnerships and financial and governance mechanisms that enable them to achieve ever greater impacts and results. New and ‘middle-term’ Country Programmes will continue to gain experience and knowledge of Programme management and planning for maximum impact – National Coordinators and National Steering Committees will receive training and technical assistance from CPMT, materials and information, access to the GEF SGP Global Knowledge Platform and database, and assistance with the development of strategic partnerships to progressively strengthen their approaches, procedures and business models.




  1. ‘Mature’ countries will receive more concerted and focused support to assist them to make the transition at the end of GEF-4 to less reliance on GEF resources. This transition (“graduation”) will maintain the value of the GEF investment in terms of installed capacity and allow the generation of global environmental benefits and programme results to be produced indefinitely. GEF SGP assistance to Country Programmes in transition is described under Objective 2, above.




  1. The strategic geographic and / or thematic focus of individual projects and the consolidation of their outcomes are critical to building the sustainability of GEF SGPs country programmes. Strategic clusters of projects will be further strengthened as country programmes link more closely to RAF related country priorities. GEF SGP also aims to broaden and strengthen its partnerships with GEF IAs and EAs through mainstreaming, scaling up and replication in their medium and full-size projects. The new GEF SGP Steering Committee will provide the institutional base for this. GEF SGP OP4 will build on a network of “supporters of GEF SGP” within the GEF family that would facilitate communication on opportunities for collaboration.




  1. For GEF SGP, partnerships is a means to: increase flexibility in GEF SGP and allows the programme to support needed sustainable development components required in community-based projects, thus increasing the relevance, acceptability, and sustainability of projects; to foster greater country and local ownership of country programmes and projects; to provide needed critical resources (i.e., expertise); to increase the overall effectiveness and efficiency of GEF SGP by enabling the programme to act as a fast and cost-effective delivery mechanism for additional funding of community-based efforts, either by GEF IAs or by other donors; to strengthen link of GEF SGP to its goal of significantly supporting the creation of global environmental benefits through increases resources for expanded geographic or thematic focus and the utilization of regional and global network of partners for effective knowledge management and participation in global environmental governance.




  1. Partnerships occur at many levels, for example, at the project level where CBOs provide cofinancing and at the NSC level where non-governmental and governmental stakeholders make decisions by consensus.




  1. Payment of ecosystem services is an important aspect for leveraging financial resources of NGOs, CBOs and community members. SGP will pave the way for the engagement of NGOs, CBOs, and community members to benefit from such ecosystem services payments to complement GEF activities for reducing the anthropogenic emission of GHGs. SGP will forge partnerships with non-GEF initiatives implemented by GEF Implementing and Executing agencies and those implemented by other partners.




  1. In the climate change focal area, one main purpose of expanding resource mobilization is to spread and distribute the benefits emanating from the UNFCCC mandates and to take advantage of opportunities created by climate change including variability. The other purpose is to enhance sustainability of GEF SGP Country Programmes. Such initiatives include the promotion of the engagement of communities in the voluntary carbon market, energy access activities, local level social entrepreneurship based on energy market mechanisms, for example, the potential partnership with UNEP on the proposed Energy Access for Social Enterprise Project (EASE) project and public-private partnerships that promote use of renewable energy and energy efficient practices. The activities mentioned will be carried out in close consultation with the GEF private sector work. Most of the activities will be carried out in SGP mature country programmes while the younger countries gain the needed capacity.



Outcome 9: Partnerships strengthened with bilateral and multilateral donors, government development programs, as well as with non-traditional funders, such as the business and financial sectors at the national and global levels





  1. GEF SGP 4 will continue to follow the GEF Council’s decision on setting resource mobilization targets at the global programme level to generate global environmental benefits through community-based activities. GEF SGP’s resource mobilization strategy will focus on:

  • Identifying opportunities for partnerships and / or co-financing, in particular, increasing the participation of the private sector

  • Identifying opportunities in national government financing

  • Mainstreaming GEF SGP into larger projects of other donors

  • Strengthening links with local governments

  • Tracking co-financing as a measure of commitment and capacity for sustaining initiatives




  1. GEF SGP will ensure a minimum co-financing to GEF ratio of 1:1 with the co-financing evenly divided between in-kind and cash. Systematic efforts will be made to identify and engage additional non-GEF sources of co-financing to offset budgetary pressures from the GEF SGP financial shortfall resulting from GEF4 replenishment. Prospective partners will be approached to incrase their understanding of the cost-effectiveness of using GEF SGP’s established country-level delivery mechanisms already in place. GEF IA/EAs will continue to be approached to use existing GEF SGP Country Programme mechanisms as a cost-effective method of executing small grant components of FSPs.




  1. At the global level, GEF SGP is in discussion with UNEP to link their respective activities to leverage larger scale global benefits, including working in partnerships in focal areas and the use of knowledge management toolkits and distilling and documenting lessons.




  1. GEF SGP Biodiversity focal area will develop partnerships with other GEF IAs (such as, the UNDP Growing Sustainable Business team and IFC colleagues), EAs (such as regional development banks), as well as UN partners to engage the private sector (such as, the UNCTAD BioTrade group, IFC, ISEAL); as well as to engage in policy fora including trade fairs, organic BioFach, and market-related meetings. Existing efforts to mainstream GEF SGP market-related MSP and FSP projects will be extended to include the GEF private sector strategy under development. The United Nations Foundation has approved seed funding to SGP/COMPACT to develop a model for sustainability of product marketing through business incubation. The business incubation model is expected to be relevant both to protected area buffer zones (especially WH sites), as well as to the needs of individual producer projects. A GEF SGP partnership with Conservation International ‘Verde Ventures’ fund has developed a model for blended grants/loans to target product supply chains in SGP/COMPACT countries. GEF SGP will further pursue discussions with the UNCTAD Biotrade programme to develop mechanisms by which co-finance for a "parallel capacity building" track to formal certification standards for small producers could be combined with other similar BioTrade initiatives.




  1. Payment of ecosystem services is an important aspect for leveraging financial resources of NGOs, CBOs and community members. SGP will pave the way for the engagement of NGOs, CBOs and community members to benefit from ecosystem services payments through community visioning and scenario planning at the local or ecosystem level. SGP will forge partnerships with non-GEF initiatives implemented by GEF implementing and executing agencies and those implemented by other partners. The main purpose of expanding resource mobilization is to diversify funding for biodiversity projects to include voluntary biodiversity offsets, ecosystem water purification services, tourism services, and public-private partnerships.




  1. At the country level, programmes will implement a sustainability strategy for mature countries, and employ a phased approach for reducing dependence on GEF SGP core funds. Institutionally, support from UNDP will be strengthened through a “Friends of GEF SGP” network of UNDP Resident Representatives. The NSC will be reinforced by an increasing focus on sustainability and recruiting members from the private sector with capacity and expertise to fulfill the goals of the GEF SGP.




  1. A geographic or thematic focus of a CPS encourages greater sustainability by creating sufficient critical mass of a particular set of small enterprises (both in terms of numbers and integration). This will result in a greater potential for marketing, investment, and economies of scale. The new CPS approach has placed greater emphasis on the results, including outcomes in terms of global environmental benefits, poverty alleviation, and good governance.




  1. Country Programmes are also expected to prepare project sustainability strategies. Guidelines on developing co-financing partnerships with the private sector have been included in the revised Resource Mobilization Strategy. Project sustainability also depends on the presence of an enabling policy environment, including the identification of needed policy reforms to support community-based sustainable production, marketing, and investments. The NSC can serve as natural allies to help promote these reforms.




  1. Cofinancing raised has allowed GEF SGP to increase the number, size, and impacts of its projects while continuing to pursue GEF objectives. It has also allowed GEF SGP projects to include income-generating or other livelihood project components that help build community acceptance and ownership. These components, depending on the maturity of the programme and projects, may include:

  • Payment for ecological services

  • Production of environmentally sustainable products

  • Creation of revolving funds

  • Integration of market mechanisms (in particular, for mature country programmes)

  • Utilization of microcredit services (in particular, for mature country programmes)

  • Conducting feasibility studies and managing projects in a business–oriented manner, i.e, focus on results (especially for mature country programmes)



Objective 4: Capacity Building: Strengthen community and civil society constituencies for GEF priorities





  1. In the past, capacity building has largely concentrated on building the technical and experiential capacity of individual grantee communities and their CBO or NGO partners. Many mature GEF SGP country programmes have developed a critical mass of grantees and have organized grantee networks. Thus, while capacity building of community, CBO and NGO grantees continues on, there will be the added institutional capacity building directed at strengthening GEF SGP grantee networks as well as other civil society networks supporting GEF concerns. GEF SGP’s capacity building effort therefore expands to build capacities to organize effective community and civil society constituencies that can support local and national government decisions and policy-making on GEF priorities and in cooperation with like-minded constituencies across countries be able to contribute in global environmental governance.

Outcome 10: Strengthened capacity for implementing concrete actions and for networking on GEF priorities by communities, CBOs, NGOs, and other civil society





  1. All projects of GEF SGP can be considered as capacity-building. At the community-level the “learning by doing” approach is more effective than classroom training. By providing resources to try out concrete and innovative efforts directed at local sustainable development concerns, the programme creates the needed learning within its community, CBO and NGO stakeholders to implement solutions. This will continue on with the eventual networking of grantees as well as country programme partners.


Output 10.1: More than 6,000 CBOs, NGOs, and other civil society groups made aware of GEF concerns, with concrete on-ground action and networked for active participation in national and global environmental governance


  1. During GEF SGP’s OP4 (July 2007 – June 2010), there would more than 6,000 projects supported. Each would represent at least a partner CBO or NGO made more aware of GEF and its priorities and with the capacity to not just talk about, but more importantly to implement solutions.




  1. As a corporate programnme of the GEF, GEF SGP will continue to play its role in building the capacity of NGOs, CBOs, and civil society to expand the understanding of UNFCCC mandates. NGOs, CBOs, and community members are the main recipients of GEF SGP support and they work closely in partnership with other development partners. Of critical importance to UNFCCC is the development of indicators for improved capacity for civil society to implement activities under the UNFCCC. GEF SGP will document indications of the built-capacity among stakeholders involved in GEF SGP climate change activities. Capacity building activities in all the new GEF SGP country programmes will be strengthened.




  1. Strategies and practices of GEF SGP grantees on gender issues will be collected at country levels leading to the creation of a strong network of women grantees. This peer-learning network aims at engaging and building the capacity of GEF SGP grantees by focusing on surfacing gender perspectives in environmental practices and local groups. It also aims at policy changes at local and national levels. At the global level, this initiative will build awareness of the interface between gender concerns and environmental issues. New NCs will take the online gender training offered by UNDP.




  1. In the International Waters focal area, GEF SGP will request the assistance of GEF regional projects or programmes to provide technical assistance and expert advices to NGOs, CBOs, and GEF SGP partners in incorporating regional perspectives in local actions. Working with regional projects and programmes, GEF SGP will strengthen communities’ understanding of the impacts of local actions in a transboundary waterbody, and enhance communities’ common understanding on regional issues, fostering a regional identity and regional “consensual knowledge base” around a regional sea or along a river/lake basin. Depending on funding availability, Ad hoc regional workshops may be organized to facilitate the exchange and sharing of knowledge and good experiences of IW projects, in parallel with meetings of regional mechanisms and frameworks based on which IW projects are developed.




  1. In the Land Degradation focal area, GEF SGP will identify lead country programs in three themes of sustainable land management, i.e. agriculture, grassland and forestry, and establish a mechanism for lead countries to provide advice and technical guidance in developing projects in respective themes. Guidelines will be developed to apply selected models/practices in local context, including the development of monitoring and evaluation indicators. GEF SGP will continue participating in significant international meetings such as UNCCD COP and CRIC meetings.




  1. In the Persistent Organic Pollutants focal area, the technical aspects have remained the major barriers of communities to undertake necessary actions addressing POPs. Furthermore, NSC members and NCs of the GEF SGP lack adequate knowledge regarding this new focal area. NGOs and communities have relatively low capacity in developing and implementing community-based projects to reduce and eliminate POPs. During OP4, GEF SGP will organize systematic training and awareness-raising among GEF SGP stakeholders, including NGOs, CBOs, and GEF SGP national staff and NSC members. GEF SGP will conduct an on-line awareness module and general training for POPs among NCs, and develop and disseminate a guidelines on POPs pesticide management related to health issues and waste management to prevent open burning, proxy indicators to measure POPs reduction, and a list of criteria that will help in the review of incoming POPs project proposals.




  1. In terms of institutional capacity building, the programme will enable its grantees in younger country programmes to form networks while also strengthening existing grantee networks in mature country programmes. These networks would then be supported in identifying the most effective role they could take.




  1. At the national level, this involves building the capacity of country programmes to align their capacity building objectives to the results of GEF’s National Capacity Self Assessment exercises and identifying proper support roles in the implementation of its recommendations. The capacity of these networks for mainstreaming, scaling up and replication will have to be strengthened.




  1. At the global level, building the capacity of GEF SGP CBO/NGO grantees and their networks to establish wider linkages with the GEF NGO Network and with international NGOs and networks involved in active negotiations on GEF-related Conventions will be priorities. In this way, GEF SGP partner CBOs and NGOs would be able to provide stronger local links for lessons sharing, and help broaden grassroots representation in critical global discussions and negotiations. Capacity for South-South exchanges of knowledge and technology developed by GEF SGP will also be built by linking grantee networks between LDCs and SIDS.

Outcome 11: Enhanced country institutional capacity by strengthening positive government and civil society partnerships in GEF SGP National Steering Committees and through GEF SGP participation in country RAF planning and coordination bodies, as well as in other bodies concerned with environment and sustainable development matters



Output 11.1. At least one hundred countries have strong multi-stakeholder mechanisms for coordinating community-based efforts on GEF focal areas as well as in planning and policy-making in sustainable development


  1. The design and incorporation of a multi-stakeholder National Steering Committee (NSC) or National Focal Group (NFG) in the management of GEF SGP country programmes has the objective of building a positive civil society and government working relationship. The programme has been successful in this as shown by the active participation of government officials in GEF SGP activities as well as in the increasing cofinancing coming from both national and local governments. NSC and NFG strengthening will thus continue particularly in bringing in new members that can help GEF SGP align with and implement GEF-4 and GEF SGP OP4 priorities. Representatives from the business and finance community to provide support to GEF SGP OP4 work with market mechanisms as well as good communicators to support the programme’s knowledge management and networking priorities would have to be brought in. To enhance the GEF corporate nature of the programme, membership or greater opportunities for participation will also have to be opened up for GEF IAs and EAs with representation at country levels.




  1. At present, many of the programme’s NCs and NSC members are invited to participate in important national bodies involved in environment and sustainable development matters. This effort, however has to be made more organized and systematic. Thus, further strengthening the capacities of GEF SGP country programmes and the GEF SGP Country Team to be actively engaging members of key governmental bodies will be a priority effort. This would correspondingly strengthen the programme’s capacity for mainstreaming, scaling up and replication and consequently its contribution to global environmental benefits. Important bodies for seeking membership or active participation will be RAF planning bodies as well as those related to GEF focal areas. Active participation in national sustainable development bodies will also be a priority.




  1. Through GEF SGP support these bodies can be the venue for joint preparations between the government and non-government sectors in the country’s participation in COPs of GEF-related Conventions as well as in other important global meetings such as that of the Commission on Sustainable Development. This would be supported by the creation of a GEF SGP Global Knowledge Management Platform which can also serve as a venue for active information and idea exchanges between government and civil society.

Objective 5: Knowledge Management: Codification and exchange of good practice from GEF SGP activities to inform and influence wider sustainable development policy and practice





  1. The objective of GEF SGP’s knowledge management efforts is to leverage lessons learned from projects, to replicate its successes, and to inform and influence sustainable development policy and practice. GEF SGP seeks to leverage the power of knowledge to improve effectiveness and efficiency and to demonstrate the impact of the investments. It will be based on five pillars: development of information systems to monitor and evaluate the portfolio; analysis and codification of lessons learned through generation of knowledge products and services; knowledge dissemination in complementation with GEFSEC, GEF IA and EA mechanisms, as well as other development and environment communities of practice; knowledge uptake for application and improvement; and feedback loop. Knowledge management will be an integral part of the GEF SGP programme to support the creation of global environmental benefits.

Outcome 12: Enhanced enabling environment for community involvement in addressing GEF priorities in both policy and practice



Output 12.1. Good practice from GEF SGP projects codified and disseminated to policy makers and practitioners at global, national, and local levels


  1. GEF SGP will use more targeted and strategic approaches to reach decision makers in public policy. The extensive knowledge from GEF SGP best practices will be presented in a way to influence local and national policies. Successful GEF SGP lessons in dealing with the nexus between land degradation and tenure issues, for example, can feed into better policies on sustainable land management. Information materials relevant to country preparations and for global debate in Convention Conference of Parties and other important international meetings will also be packaged to better support informed discussions in these meetings.




  1. For the private sector, knowledge products designed to show how business approaches and market mechanisms can also be innovatively designed to bring relevant commercial products and technologies even to vulnerable, disadvantaged and poor communities will be developed.




  1. GEF SGP lessons learned will also be presented in such a way to enable larger projects and programs of government and other donor agencies to adopt or adapt GEF SGP approaches, principles and methodologies. Communities, CBOs, and NGOs would then have a wider base for accessing critical support in addition to GEF SGP.

Outcome 13: Global Knowledge Platform for exchange, codification, and dissemination of community knowledge established



Output 13.1. Expanded access to GEF SGP knowledge networks and codified best practice


  1. GEF SGP will establish a Global Knowledge Platform to facilitate the exchange and codification of knowledge to enhance the constituency for community based development. This platform is an evidence-based learning system linked to GEF SGP’s M&E system. The on-line component will include a repository of guidance materials, case studies, photos, and videos; a virtual community of practice; and facilitated discussions and interaction between members of the GEF SGP network and other partners and experts within countries and globally. It also includes a component for establishing a network of practitioners to advance the knowledge and influence public policy. GEF SGP will document and share widely illustrative good practice case studies for the promotion of replication, up-scaling or mainstreaming by development partners, governments and the private sector. It is assumed that the GEF IAs and EAs will collaborate actively with GEF SGP on good practice dissemination. GEF SGP Country Programmes, particularly its NSC, will promote the Global Knowledge Platform with partners such as, universities and research networks and donors, to provide enhanced support in documenting good practice. Linkages with UNEP’s scientific bodies and with the GEF Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) will also be established to enhance the scientific rigor of GEF SGP’s knowledge products. Collaboration with the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) will be established to share information regarding protected areas targeted and community conserved areas supported through the World Database on Protected Areas.




  1. As regards to specific focal area knowledge management, for example in biodiversity, GEF SGP will document its contribution towards the dissemination of good practices considered a strategic priority of GEF. Specific case studies from identified country programme experiences will be used to demonstrate the processes of horizontal exchange of information using innovative technologies such as participatory video. A review of biodiversity activities in the programme and the documentation of knowledge generated by a portfolio of biodiversity activities will be continued. GEF SGP will prepare three sub-portfolio reviews of biodiversity portfolio; apply participatory video as an innovative and cost-effective means of sharing lessons learned in local and vernacular languages; and organize at least three trainings and workshops on participatory video in conjunction with UNDP Global Programme on Human Rights.




  1. GEF SGP will document its direct and indirect contributions towards the reduction of GHGs. Specific case studies from identified country programme experiences will be used to demonstrate the processes of replication, up-scaling and mainstreaming. A review of climate change activities in the programme and the documentation of knowledge generated by a portfolio of climate change activities will be continued.




  1. In IW focal area, SGP will serve as the learning nodes of community-based actions for the global GEF IW learning network. During OP4, experiences and good practices will be systematically collected and shared at the regional and global levels. Lessons learnt notes will be developed and shared not only within SGP network, but also with regional partners and larger GEF IW learning network.




  1. At the regional level, SGP country programs sharing a waterbody will develop experiences and lessons notes for the implementation of Strategic Action Programmes to be shared with the regional projects/programs and regional NGO networks. At the global level, SGP will initiate a collaboration with GEF IW:LEARN (www.iwlearn.net) to provide information, lessons learnt, and good experiences to the GEF IW network. SGP will share its approaches, good cases, and experiences during GEF IW conference.




  1. In LD focal area, good cases in each thematic area will be identified and advertised through SGP network. SGP will work with some major global LD knowledge networks to introduce good modes and practices for adaptive testing and piloting by SGP country programs. Portfolio review and thematic studies will be undertaken to collect experiences and good practices, and shared with global networks, including WISP, GM, UNFF, ICRAF, and CIFOR.




  1. In POPs focal area, project experiences, lessons and good cases will be systematically collected and shared at the global level through the SGP network and its partners via the online knowledge platforms, and various global gathering, including the Stockholm Convention Conference of Parties. GEF SGP will further strengthen its collaboration with IPEN in ensuring good practices and knowledge gained to be disseminated and utilized by wider audiences. At the end of OP4, GEF SGP will undertake thematic studies on community-based waste management and POPs pesticide management.



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