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ession 5: Instrumentation and Methods


Moderator: Mark Smit (NIOZ)

  • Hydrostatic Pressure Actuated Cable Cutter - Christopher Griner (WHOI)





Abstract: Fouling or an emergency situation during haul back of mooring or instrument recoveries may require the cable to be cut for safety reasons. The device to achieve this should be safe to handle on deck, simple to rig for deployment, and minimize the amount of cable lost. By researching previous designs, researching components and doing fairly extensive tests on shear pins, this implementation was reached. Using the hydrostatic pressure of water to activate the wire cutter and utilize a single size of shear pin, with a variable cross sectional area, it is possible to cut a wire below the water surface. By using a wire cutter as close to the fouling as possible, wire loss is brought to a minimum and a significant cost is saved.
Presentation: < Session5-Griner.pdf > Animation: <Cutter_video_2.avi>



  • SUGAR – Submarine Gas Hydrate Deposits as Sites for CO2 Sequestration: Prospection, Exploitation and Transport - Joerg Bialas (IFM GEOMAR)




Abstract: In the current discussion about climate change it has become obvious that it is insufficient to neutralise the anthropogenic effect by reduction of CO2 emissions only. Efforts to collect existing gases and store them elsewhere are necessary to decrease the input of CO2 into the atmosphere. Land deposits for CO2 are, on first sight, easy to find and offer easiest access for storing CO2. However storage safety, influence of other pore fluids and in particular possible interaction of economic activity within the storage area may not be easily assessed. Hazards for the population and groundwater reservoirs are not given in the marine environment. Since the disposal of CO2 in large water depths further enhances ocean acidification and therefore is prohibited by international laws (London Dumping Convention, OSPAR treaty), within the proposed project SUGAR we are focussing on the deposition of CO2 in deep sub-marine sediments.

A sequestration in former or still active oil fields bears a high risk of CO2 escape due to shallow water depths, possible leakages through fracture zones or insufficiently sealed inactive boreholes. For an effective climate protection a diffusion of CO2 from the sequestration site of 0.01 % and less must be guaranteed. Therefore the entire SUGAR project has committed itself to the sequestration of CO2 in connection with hydrate deposits to avoid possible environmental hazards and associated liabilities due unforeseen leakages when using former oil- and gas reservoirs. Here CO2 will not be stored as mobile gas or supercritical fluid, but as solid substance due to the transformation of methane hydrate. Liquid CO2 will be injected into methane hydrate deposits where it decomposes the methane hydrates and where it will form CO2 hydrates in the pore space. Due to higher temperature stability of CO2 hydrates, diffusion of CO2 by leakage and/or dissolution may be prevented. Through the release of methane in the associated process, this kind of sequestration can be combined with methane exploitation, which improves the economic balance of the procedure.

The network project develops, in an integrated approach, new technologies for the entire potential hydrate exploitation chain extending from the exploration of new CO2 deposits to the CO2 and methane transport in suitable ships. This allows to establish a close collaboration between participating research institutes and industry. The network project is divided into two topical themes: A – Exploration of submarine gas hydrate deposits and B – Exploitation of submarine gas hydrate deposits and transport of natural gas. Based on the excellent knowledge of each institute and the comprehensive technical know-how of the industry companies, new technologies will be developed in this project covering the entire chain of economic value. This includes prospecting of hydrate resources, determining the spatial distribution of hydrate layers within the deposit, quantification of hydrate amount, development of new and CO2-neutral exploitation as well as new transport strategies of the gas from the deposit to the customer.

SUGAR has been launched as a “lighthouse project” that covers all relevant aspects with respect to CO2 sequestration and methane hydrate exploitation through grants of the German BMBF and BMWi.



Presentation: < Session5-Bialas.pdf >

  • The TVHD on Victor 6000 - Pierre Léon (Ifremer)





Abstract: This paper introduces the 6000 m underwater TVHD camera developed by Ifremer for being installed on Victor 6000 (6000m Depth Class ROV). The presentation includes the technical improvements and developments induced, the effective use for the operator and some pictures taken during sea trials.
Presentation: < Session5-Leon.pdf >

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ession 6: Acoustic and Seismic Tools




Moderator: Joerg Bialas (IFM GEOMAR)


  • Ultra Deep Low Frequency Sub-Bottom Profiler for AUV and ROV - Yves Le Gall (Ifremer)




Abstract: Acoustical techniques for ultra-deep sub-bottom exploration are still little investigated. IXSEA and Ifremer have launched in 2006 the development of a new deep-sea low-frequency sub-bottom profiler, working up to 6000 meters depth. Based on the Janus-Helmholtz broadband technology, two acoustic sources have been modelled, built and characterized in-tank and at-sea : a single transducer working in the [1.8, 6.2 kHz] frequency band, and a three-transducer array operating in the [2, 8 kHz] frequency band. In both cases, vertical resolution is better that 20 cm. Comparison between finite element modelling and in-tank measurements is presented, together with the specific constraints linked to very-deep water and AUV mounting. Power electronics and impedance matching unit have been specifically optimised to deliver a sound level of 190 dB (ref. 1 µPa @ 1 m), with 48 VDC supply voltage and 250 W available electric power, compatible with a 50 m penetration. The receiving part is made up of a three-hydrophone array with a loss of sensitivity lower than 1 dB between 0 and 600 bar. Due to the vicinity of several low-frequency noise sources (motor, fins), a careful analysis of radiated noises has been conducted. This ultra-deep light system has been mounted on an Ifremer's AUV and the first results at sea are presented and discussed.
Presentation: < Session6-LeGall.pdf >

Animations: < anim1.avi > < anim2.avi>

  • SYSIF: A New Tool for Near-Bottom Very High-Resolution Profiling in Deep Water - Pierre Léon – (Ifremer)





Abstract: Detailed sea-bed geology of deep waters areas is nowadays explored, both for scientific purposes such as a better insight into marine sedimentary processes and tectonics and for the offshore industry developments. Ifremer has developed a new tool for the near-bottom profiling in deep water, down to 6000m, called SYSIF (bottom seismic system). The system is based on a towed tray, supporting at the same time a High resolution seismic source and the deep towed streamer. This paper describes this original system, its main characteristics and performances and first results.
Presentation: < Session6-Leon.pdf >

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ession 7: Buoys-Moorings-Observatories Installation




Moderator: Colin Day (NOC)

  • GITEWS Deep Mooring Deployment In Med Sea - Swen Roemer (GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam)




Presentation: < Session7-Roemer.pdf >





Presentation: < Session7-Roux.pdf >
Movie clip : < deployment.wmv >

Presentation: < Session7-Bertin.pdf >



Presentation: < Session7-Beurthey.pdf >


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ession 8: Data treatment, Network and Communication




Moderator: Colin Day (NOC)

  • HiSeasNet in 2008 - Steven Foley (SCRIPPS)




Abstract: HiSeasNet is a satellite communications network providing continuous Internet connectivity for oceanographic research ships and platforms throughout the Pacific, Atlantic, and sometimes Indian oceans.  With the addition of new vessels and satellites in the network, HiSeasNet now uses four satellite beams to extend campus networks out to 15 ships in the US research fleet as well as a seismic observatory on South Georgia Island in the Southern Ocean.  Last year (2007), HiSeasNet also supported ship operations in the Indian Ocean using a commercial ground station in Germany.  Employing a variety of networking technologies, HiSeasNet has allowed scientists to conduct videoconference outreach programs, maintain limited long-term real-time data collection, connect campus phones to shipboard phones through the ship’s PBX using Voice over IP (VoIP) protocols, and direct multi-ship research from shore and other ships.  Standard Internet protocols available include FTP, HTTPS, and SSH.  With still more bandwidth available for data, this system can provide new opportunities for enhancing ship-based ocean exploration as well as supporting the long-term data collection projects such as those proposed in the NSF's Ocean Observatories Initiative program.

As much of the UNOLS fleet has been equipped with HiSeasNet capabilities, efforts in 2008 focus on operations and maintenance. A successful 4-day training class was offered at WHOI this year to support additional on-ship maintenance and operations capabilities. Operations information continues to be added to www.hiseasnet.net and the HiSeasNet Wiki, and shipboard systems are being gradually upgraded to provide better tracking, reliability, and performance. HiSeasNet is operated by Scripps Institution of Oceanography and funded by the National Science Foundation.


Presentation: < Session8-Foley.pdf >



  • Facilitating the Access to Marine Research Infrastructures in Europe through Dedicated Information e-Tools - Laurent d'Ozouville (EurOcean)




Abstract: The European Centre for Information on Marine Science and Technology – EurOcean- manages an Internet portal working as an electronic platform of information and communication for all actors with interest in marine science and technology in Europe. It gathers information, which is scattered, fragmented and uneasy to access, in a single Portal, maximising and enhancing Europe’s marine and maritime dedicated efforts in research and technology development.

Three info-bases developed by EurOcean are related to marine research infrastructures in Europe. Each info-base has been developed in cooperation with the interested end users adopting the specific descriptors employed by the users in their daily work, and applying those to the development of user-friendly search tools.



EurOcean_RV info-base gathers information for 264 research vessels: operating (231), planned and/or under construction (5) and out of service RV’s (28). 87 descriptors have been developed concerning available onboard equipment, vessel technical specifications and contact details. Several search criteria are available such as RV’s operating areas, main activity and vessel category. The update is done in cooperation with the operators of the research vessels at least twice a year.

EurOcean_UV, is an on line info-base on the underwater vehicles (UV) used in Europe for scientific research. The EurOcean_UV provides access to technical information on four categories of UVs as following: Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV); Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs); Manned Submersibles; and others. Presently, EurOcean_UV has listed 67 UVs. A friendly-user interface allows the end-user to select the UVs according to: the name of vehicle, the country, the type of vehicle and the depth range. Fifteen descriptors have been associated to each underwater vehicle and this information is collected and put on line by the EurOcean Office after validation by the vehicle’s operators, at least, twice a year.

Recently, and in close cooperation with the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) of Norway, a EurOcean Member, the Centre has developed the Large Exchangeable Instruments Info-base, EurOcean_LExI. This info-base assembles information on 24 categories of marine research instruments. EurOcean_LExI has a different updating scheme than the previous ones. The upload and update of the Instruments on the info-base is of the responsibility of the operators, via authorization provided by the info-base administrators, to the info-base administration pages. So far, 74 instruments have been uploaded.

EurOcean has recently moved a step forward in the management of the information collected. Added value is given to information on the research vessels by the production and dissemination of statistical analysis of the contents of the info-base EurOcean_RV, providing on line and real time indicators, and preparing reports, available on line and in printable formats.

The easy and friendly tools to access information, the well-thought architecture design and functionalities of these info-bases lead to the recognition of the EurOcean info-bases as standards and models being used by other groups of interest. For instance, the international Ocean Going Research Vessels Database of POGO was built using as template the EurOcean_RV.



Presentation: < Session8-DOzouville.pdf >

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ession 9: Lessons learned


Moderator: Thierry Terre (Ifremer)

  • A Revised Rosette and CTD System Built around a SBE 9Plus Underwater Unit - Michel Hamon (Ifremer)





Abstract: Used during many years, the old CTD system based on a Neil Brown probe has been replaced by a more recent instrument, a SBE 9Plus probe. But the carousel water sampler designed by LPO was still required as it deserves perfectly the needs and requirements of the laboratory hydrographic cruises. Based on 28 bottles of 8 liters each, it allows to trap a large number of water samples with a volume enough for chemical analysis compatible with needs of physical oceanographers. A new electronic design was required to interface the rosette to the SBE system. The presentation will give a description of the overall system.
Presentation: < Session9-Hamon.pdf >

  • A Dropping Box for ARGO Profiler Launches - Stéphane Leizour (Ifremer)





Abstract: A dropping box for ARGO profiler launches has been designed at LPO. Made of paperboard easily dissolved in water, the packing box is strong enough to protect the float or profiler when entering into water while dropped from high and speedy vessels. Once into water a fast soluble releaser insures that the profiler can freely float, dive and climb in respect to the programmed mission. A video from trials made from a ferry beetween Britanny and England will illustrate the presentation.

Presentation: < Session9-Leizour.pdf >

Movie clips: < essai bassin.wmv > < essai roscoff.wmv >



  • Water and Bottom Sampling Combined in One Cast - Jack Schilling (NIOZ)





Abstract: During a North Atlantic LOCO cruise a vast track of water column measurements was planned. Lowering a rosette water sampler to 5.000 m and bringing it back takes quite some time: approximately four hours. When a bottom sample is needed afterwards the same time span is required again. In close cooperation with the scientist a system was developed to combine the CTD water sampling with a small bottom sampler, in a way that both could be used within the same cast. The new “mono-corer” that was developed experienced a successful maiden trip.

Presentation: < Session9-Schilling.pdf >
Movie clip: < Test Monster 2.avi >



  • ISIS Deployment - TMS and “live boating” - Dave Turner (NOC)




Presentation: < Session9-Turner.pdf >

  • Air Bubbles and Hydroacoustic Equipment - Olivier Lefort (Ifremer)





Presentation: < Session9-Lefort.pdf >

Poster session




  • Glider Operation : A Technical Facility - Laurent Beguery (DT INSU)


Abstract: Gliders will be more and more used by scientists to collect data. In between “propellered AUVs” and profiler floats, they allow collection of data during 6 months with a good manoeuvrability.

As part of CETSM (European Center for underwater technologies), in collaboration with Ifremer and IRD, INSU (Technical Division) created at La Seyne-sur-Mer a Technical Glider facility for French scientific teams.

This team has in charge:

1. Preparation of gliders (batteries, calibration, weight…)

2. Support for deployments and recovery

3. Communication infrastructure and piloting

4. Research, development, and integration of new vectors and sensors

5. Maintenance

This facility will help the French scientific community to operate Gliders.

Poster: < Poster-Glider_operation_center.pdf >


  • Discovery Replacement Project - Edward Cooper (NOC)


Abstract: The RRS Discovery built in 1962 is approaching the end of her useful scientific life with operational issues starting to affect the reliability of the vessel. For this reason to ensure that the UK maintains its strong international leadership and production of high quality sea-going science, a NERC project to replace her has been active since June 2007. During the elapsed year the following key tasks have been completed:

The Science and Business Cases for the Discovery Replacement have been developed and accepted by Research Council UK.

Science Users and Operators (NMF-Sea Systems) have been consulted on the detailed requirements within the description initially set by NERC Council in September 2005.

The consultation process has concluded in a Concept General Arrangement, and a Statement of Requirements. These documents, combined with “Management & Commercial” documentation, have been issued as an Invitation to Tender for a design and build package to a number of potential shipbuilders.

The project target for delivery of the vessel to NERC is the end of 2011.

Further information

http://www.noc.soton.ac.uk/nmf/discovery_replacement_project/d4rpintroduction.html
Poster: < Poster-RRS_Discovery_Replacement_Project.pdf >

Closing remarks





Appendices

Click on links below to view Appendix:


- A: Inmartech 2008 Programme
- B: Symposium participants list
- C: Results of satisfaction survey

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