Private forest reserves can aid in preserving

A total of 34 mammal species, belonging to eight different orders was detected in the study area during the course of the survey period (Table 2). We registered more mammal species in the SF-Ranch forest reserve (N = 30) than in CS-Park (N = 16), where some common species like brocket deer (Mazama spp.), peccaries (Tayassu pecari and Pecari tacaju), crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and armadillos (Priodontes maximus and Dasypus novemcinctus) were absent, contrary to a previous census carried out in the park (Silveira 2004).

In terms of conservation status, we emphasise the presence of two endangered species (EN), Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) and Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki (Chiropotes utahickae); and three species classified as vulnerable (VU) according to IUCN (2008), Brazilian Tapir (Tapirus terrestris), Marsh Deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) and Giant Armadillo (Priodontes maximus) (Table 2) in the studied areas. Two aquatic species, the Pink River Dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) and the Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) were only present in CS-Park. Thus, comparing the two sampled areas, we recorded four species classified under Threatened Categories (EN or VU) from SF-Ranch, whereas only three were recorded from CS-Park (Table 2).
Photo capture rate differences between places and seasons
All the species seem to be more abundant in SF-Ranch than in the CS-Park, with the exception of Cuniculus paca and Crax fasciolata (Table 3). When comparing RAI between seasons we can verify the absence of some species during the wet season, such as Puma concolor, Mazama americana, Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris and Penelope spp. inside CS-Park and Mazama gouazoupira, Didelphis spp., Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris and Mitu tuberosum in SF-Ranch. For CS-Park, some species show a reduction (Leopardus pardalis, Didelphis spp. and Crax fasciolata) or increase (Tapirus terrestris, Panthera onca and Cuniculus paca) in RAI from the dry to the wet season, but the difference is only sig- nificant for the jaguar (Mann–Whitney W = 32; P \ 0.001). The majority of the species that occur in SF-Ranch reveal a fluctuation in capture rates from the dry to the wet season. However, only the reduction of Mazama americana, Pecari tacaju, Cerdocyon thous, Leopardus pardalis, Dasyprocta azarae, Penelope spp. and Crax fasciolata were signifi- cant (Mann–Whitney test P \ 0.05 for all comparisons).
Biological and sampling factors affecting RAI
GLMM analysis revealed that the number of species detected at each station was signif- icantly higher outside the park than inside (Table 4). Also RAI increased with the number of days of sampling during the study years and revealed a negative correlation with season (lower richness during the wet season). Camera location seemed to be of importance, resulting in a higher number of species photographed on roads compared to trails.

The relationship between the photographic rate (RAI) and some species characteristics reveal that detection was positively and strongly dependent on animal body mass (favouring larger species) and aggregation (species that moved in groups) (Table 4). Considering that threatened level is directly associated with abundance, it is logical that

2002/

2003^a

2005/

2006

2005–2007