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TABLE 1. SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT TRANSECT 1, OFFSHORE OF KEWALO LANDFILL (SITE A), 21 DECEMBER 1992
QUADRAT DISTANCE ALONG TRANSECT (m)
0 5 10 15 20
I. QuadraT Survey
Algae
Amansia glomerata 3.5
Corals
Porites lobata 19 10 9 27 3
P. compressa 0.5 0.4 4 0.3
Poncillopora meandrina 1 2.3 3.3 6.2 13.5
Montipora verrucosa 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1
M. patula 0.1
Povona varians 0.2
Sand 2.5 1.5 6 2 6
Rubble 9 8 3 6
Hard Substratum 67.9 86 73.1 54.2 71
B. Invertebrate Census (4 ¥ 20 m) NUMBER
Phylum Mollusca
Conus lividus 1
Phylum Annelida
Spriopbranchus giganteus corniculatus 9
Sabellastarte sanctijosephi 1
Phylum Echinodermata
Echinostrephus aciculatum 2
Echinothrix diadema 1
Linckia diplax 1
C. Fish Census (4 ¥ 20 m)
36 Species
312 Individuals
Estimated Standing Crop = 736 g/m2
Note: Results of the 5 m2 quadrat sampling of the benthic community are presented in Part I, counts of diurnally exposed macroinvertebrates are given in Part II, and a summary of the fish census is given in Part III. Water depth ranged from 17.4 to 18.2 m; mean coral coverage was 20.1 percent (quadrat method).
TABLE 2. SUMMARY OF RESULTS FOR PHOTO QUADRAT SURVEY, 1992
PHOTO QUADRAT NUMBER
Site A: Transect 1 aaa1 aaa2 aaa3 aaa4 aab1
(Sampled 3 August 1992) (0 m) (5 m) (10 m) (15 m) (20 m)
Corals
Porites lobata 16 9.5 2 16.5 1.4
P. compressa 1 2 0.8
Pocillopora meandrina 2 3.4 3.9 6.1
Mollusks
Cassius cornuta 2.8
Sand 3 2 9.5 7.3
Rubble 22 35 7.3 25.8
Hard Substratum 58 84.5 50.1 71.5 56.6
Mean Coral Coverage Transect 1 = 12.9%
site a: Transect 2 aab2 aab3 aab4 aac1 aac2
(Sampled 3 August 1992) (0 m) (5 m) (10 m) (15 m) (20 m)
Algae
Corallina sp. 0.3
Microdictyon japonicum? 3.4 3.6
Porolithon onkodes 2.5
Unidentified Red Sponge
(probably Spirastrella coccinea) 0.4
Corals
Porites lobata 23 5.3 58.3 17.1 14
P. compressa 2.2 2.8 0.6
Pocillopora meandrina 3.6 2.8 5 2.8
P. eydouxi 1.7
Sand 3.1 1.4
Hard Substratum 73.6 86.3 33.8 69.8 82.6
Mean Coral Coverage Transect 2 = 27.8%
SITE B: Transect 3 bAA1 bAA2 bAA3 bAA4 bAB1
(Sampled 4 August 1992) (0 m) (5 m) (10 m) (15 m) (20 m)
Unidentified Red Sponge
(probably Spirastrella coccinea) 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.6
Corals
Porites lobata 0.6 2.8 1.4 0.3
Pocillopora meandrina 3.6 5 0.1 5.3
Fungia scutaria 0.6
Montipora verrucosa? 0.3
Sand 1.7 2.8 0.8 4.2 5
Rubble 15.4 9
Hard Substratum 78.9 91.4 96 79.5 93.2
Mean Coral Coverage Transect 3 = 4%
Site B: Transect 4 bAb2 bAb3 bAb4 bAc1 bAc2
(Sampled 4 August 1992) (0 m) (5 m) (10 m) (15 m) (20 m)
Unidentified Red Sponge
(probably Spirastrella coccinea) 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
Corals
Porites lobata 1 7.3 0.6 0.6 3.6
Pocillopora meandrina 2.8 3.1 1.1 3.6 7.8
Sand 1.7 5 5.6 3.4
Rubble 69 31.9 5 31.4 11.5
Hard Substratum 24.9 57.1 87.7 58.2 73.1
Mean Coral Coverage Transect 4 = 6.3%
SITE C: Transect 5 cAb1 cAa4 cAa3 cAa2 cAa1
(Sampled 25 September 1992) (0 m) (5 m) (10 m) (15 m) (20 m)
Algae
Porolithon onkodes 4.8 12.9 14 9
Soft Corals
Palythoa tuberculosa 0.3 0.7
Corals
Porites lobata 0.1 0.3
Pocillopora meandrina 0.4
Sand 3.1 1.4
Rubble 40.3 25.8 31.9 25.5
Hard Substratum 56.6 69 55.2 59.1 89.6
Mean Coral Coverage Transect 5 = 0.2%
SITE C: Transect 6 CAB2 CAB3 CAB4 CAC1 CAC2
(Sampled 25 September 1992) (0 m) (5 m) (10 m) (15 m) (20 m)
Algae
Porolithon onkodes 20.2 10.1 0.6 27.7 16.8
Corals
Porites lobata 13.7 0.6 6.7 3.1
P. compressa 0.6
Pocillopora meandrina 0.3
Rubble 99.4 5.9 43.4
Hard Substratum 65.2 89.3 59.7 36.7
Mean Coral Coverage Transect 6 = 5%
Note: Presented in the body of the table are the percent cover of species and substrate types present for each transect.
TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT TRANSECT 2, OFFSHORE OF KEWALO LANDFILL (SITE A), 21 DECEMBER 1992
QUADRAT DISTANCE ALONG TRANSECT (m)
0 5 10 15 20
I. QuadraT Survey
Algae
Amansia glomerata 1.3 1.3
Botryocladia scottsbergii 0.1
Corals
Porites lobata 21 12 42 21 7
P. compressa 0.1 1 2.5
Poncillopora meandrina 2 4 4 2.2
P. eydouxi 2.5
Montipora verrucosa 0.1 3 0.1
Leptastrea purpurea 0.1
Sand 1 1.5 1 2
Rubble 2
Hard Substratum 78 84.3 47.8 67.6 12.5
II. Invertebrate Census (4 ¥ 20 m) NUMBER
Phylum Annelida
Spriobranchus giganteus corniculatus 4
Sabellastarte sanctijosephi 2
Phylum Mollusca
Pinctado marginifera 1
Phylum Arthropoda
Aniculus strigatus 1
Phylum Echinodermata
Echinothrix diadema 4
III. Fish Census (4 ¥ 20 m)
19 Species
153 Individuals
Estimated Standing Crop = 247 g/m2
Note: Results of the 5 m2 quadrat sampling of the benthic community are presented in Part I, counts of diurnally exposed macroinvertebrates are given in Part II, and a summary of the fish census is given in Part III. Water depth ranged from 17 to 18.2 m; mean coral coverage was 20.7 percent (quadrat method).
TABLE 4. SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT TRANSECT 3, EAST OF KALIHI ENTRANCE CHANNEL (SITE B, ABOUT 2.2 km OFFSHORE OF MOKAUEA ISLAND IN KE‘EHI LAGOON), 21 DECEMBER 1992
QUADRAT DISTANCE ALONG TRANSECT (m)
0 5 10 15 20
I. QuadraT Survey
Algae
Desmia hornemannii 0.2 0.1
Asparagopsis taxiformis 0.2
Sponge
Spirastrella coccinea 0.3 0.7 0.4
Soft Coral
Palythoa tuberculosa 0.1
Corals
Porites lobata 1.8 0.5 1.2 0.8 1
Pocillopora meandrina 1 2 0.5 0.5 0.1
Montipora verrucosa 0.1
M. patula 0.3
Sand 6 7 3 9 3
Rubble 5 2.5 6 4.5 4
Hard Substratum 85.7 88 88.1 84.5 91.9
II. Invertebrate Census (4 ¥ 20 m) NUMBER
Phylum Mollusca
Spondylus tenebrosus 1
Octopus cyanea 2
Phylum Echinodermata
Echinostrephus aciculatum 8
Echinometra mathaei 8
Echinothrix diadema 1
Linckia diplax 1
III. Fish Census (4 ¥ 20 m)
15 Species
33 Individuals
Estimated Standing Crop = 30 g/m2
Note: Results of the 5 m2 quadrat sampling of the benthic community are presented in Part I, counts of diurnally exposed macroinvertebrates are given in Part II, and a summary of the fish census is given in Part III. Water depth ranged from 14.6 to 15 m; mean coral coverage was 2.0 percent (quadrat method).
TABLE 5. SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT TRANSECT 4, EAST OF KALIHI ENTRANCE CHANNEL (SITE B, ABOUT 2.2 km OFFSHORE OF MOKAUEA ISLAND IN KE‘EHI LAGOON), 21 DECEMBER 1992
QUADRAT DISTANCE ALONG TRANSECT (m)
0 5 10 15 20
I. QuadraT Survey
Algae
Desmia hornemannii 1 0.2 0.1
Asparagopsis taxiformis 0.1 0.2
Sponge
Spirastrella coccinea 1 0.1 0.2
Corals
Porites lobata 1.1 6 1 0.2 3.1
Pocillopora meandrina 0.7 0.3 0.8 2.3
Montipora verrucosa 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1
M. patula 0.1 0.1
Sand 8 7 7.5 15 7
Rubble 4 6 2.5 4 3
Hard Substratum 86.7 77.9 88.3 79.8 84.2
II. Invertebrate Census (4 ¥ 20 m) NUMBER
Phylum Mollusca
Conus lividus 1
Phylum Echinodermata
Echinostrephus aciculatum 10
Echinometra mathaei 1
Echinothrix diadema 1
Linckia diplax 1
III. Fish Census (4 ¥ 20 m)
9 Species
27 Individuals
Estimated Standing Crop = 14 g/m2
Note: Results of the 5 m2 quadrat sampling of the benthic community are presented in Part I, counts of diurnally exposed macroinvertebrates are given in Part II, and a summary of the fish census is given in Part III. Water depth ranged from 13.7 to 14 m; mean coral coverage was 3.2 percent (quadrat method).
TABLE 6. SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT TRANSECT 5, APPROXIMATELY 760 m OFFSHORE OF HONOLULU AIRPORT REEF RUNWAY (SITE C), 25 JANUARY 1993
QUADRAT DISTANCE ALONG TRANSECT (m)
0 5 10 15 20
I. QuadraT Survey
Algae
Porolithon onkodes 12 12 14 12 12
Soft Coral
Anthelia edmondsoni 0.6
Palythoa edmondsoni 0.3 0.1 2.5 3.5
Corals
Porites lobata 0.1
P. compressa 0.6
Pocillopora meandrina 0.1 0.2
Pavona duerdeni 1
Sand 6 0.8 3 6
Rubble 27 5 23 51.5
Hard Substratum 54.4 81.8 59.8 28 82.7
II. Invertebrate Census (4 ¥ 20 m) NUMBER
Phylum Arthropoda
Calcinus herbstii 1
Phylum Echinodermata
Echinometra mathaei 4
Tripneustes gratilla 2
III. Fish Census (4 ¥ 20 m)
23 Species
136 Individuals
Estimated Standing Crop = 69 g/m2
Note: Results of the 5 m2 quadrat sampling of the benthic community are presented in Part I, counts of diurnally exposed macroinvertebrates are given in Part II, and a summary of the fish census is given in Part III. Water depth ranged from 9.1 to 11 m; mean coral coverage was 0.4 percent (quadrat method).
TABLE 7. SUMMARY OF BIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE AT TRANSECT 6, APPROXIMATELY 840 m OFFSHORE OF HONOLULU AIRPORT REEF RUNWAY (SITE C), 25 JANUARY 1993
QUADRAT DISTANCE ALONG TRANSECT (m)
0 5 10 15 20
I. QuadraT Survey
Algae
Porolithon onkodes 12 7 10 3
Cladymenia pacifica 0.6
Soft Coral
Anthelia edmondsoni 0.1 0.2
Corals
Porites lobata 3.2 1.3 0.4 5 3.5
P. compressa 1
Pocillopora meandrina 0.1 0.1
Montipora verrucosa 0.1
M. patula 0.1 0.1
Pavona duerdeni 0.7
Rubble 59.8 93.4 7 51.4
Hard Substratum 83.6 31 6 77.3 42
II. Invertebrate Census (4 ¥ 20 m) NUMBER
Phylum Annelida
Loimia medusa 1
Phylum Echinodermata
Echinometra mathaei 4
Tripneustes gratilla 1
III. Fish Census (4 ¥ 20 m)
36 Species
247 Individuals
Estimated Standing Crop = 108 g/m2
Note: Results of the 5 m2 quadrat sampling of the benthic community are presented in Part I, counts of diurnally exposed macroinvertebrates are given in Part II, and a summary of the fish census is given in Part III. Water depth ranged from 10.7 to 11.6 m; mean coral coverage was 3.1 percent (quadrat method).
TABLE 8. SUMMARY OF PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS MADE AT EACH OF THREE LOCATIONS IN THE VICINITY OF TRANSECT PAIRS, 6 DECEMBER 1991 AND 22 DECEMBER 1992
LOCATION OSYGEN SALINITY TEMPERATURE DEPTH TO
AND TIME (% Saturation) (‰) (°C) EXTINCTION
Top Bottom Top Bottom (m)
6 DECEMBER 1991
Kewalo Landfill
1035 hr 102 101 34 25.1 25.1 > 18.3
Kalihi Entrance Channel
1100 hr 101 101 34 25.0 25.1 > 15.1
Reef Runway
1150 hr 102 102 34 25.1 24.9 > 12.0
22 DECEMBER 1992
Kewalo Landfill
0900 hr 105 104 34 22.8 22.8 > 18.3
Kalihi Entrance Channel
1000 hr 104 104 34 22.8 22.7 > 15.1
Reef Runway
1035 hr 102 104 34 22.6 22.8 > 12.0
Note: Oxygen and temperature measurements were made approximately 1 m below the surface and 1 m above the bottom; visibility at all stations was greater than the depth, thus extinction could not be directly measured.
APPENDIX TABLE A. Results of quantitative visual censuses conducted at six locations offshore of Sand Island, O‘ahu, 21 December 1992 (STATIONS 1–4) AND 25 JANUARY 1993 (STATIONS 5 AND 6)
TRANSECT NUMBER
FAMILY AND SPECIES 1 2 3 4 5 6
muraenidae
Gymnothorax undulatus 1
G. meleagris 1
G. eurostus 1
G. petelli 1
aulostomidae
Aulostomus chinensis 1 1
scorpaenidae
Scorpaenopsis diabolus 1
sparidae
Monotaxis grandoculis 1
lutjanidae
Aprion virescens 1
mullidae
Mulloides flavolineatus 109 37
Parupeneus pleurostigma 2 1
P. multifasciatus 8 5 8 12 12
P. cyclostomus 3
chaetodontidae
Forcipiger flavissimus 1 2 1 2
F. longirostris 1
Chaetodon multicinctus 2 1
C. ornatissimus 2
C. miliaris 6
pomacanthidae
Centropyge potteri 3 2
pomacentridae
Dascyllus albisella 1 9
Abudefduf abdominalis 9
Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus 1 1
Chromis vanderbilti 29 69 4 1 26
C. hanui 2 9
C. ovalis 27 8
C. verator 4
C. agilis 9
Stegastes fasciolatus 3 2
cirrhitidae
Paracirrhitus arcatus 4 11 2 1 1
Cirrhitops fasciatus 1 1
Cirrhitus pinnulatus 1
labridae
Labroides phthirophagus 2
Cheilio inermis 1
Bodianus bilunulatus 1 1
Cheilinus bimaculatus 1 12
C. rhodochrous 1
Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 3 1 1
P. tetrataenia 2
Thalassoma duperrey 16 4 4 5
T. ballieui 1 1 1
Gomphosus varius 3 7
Coris gaimard 2 1
Pseudojuloides cerasinus 4 5 3 1
Stethojulis balteata 1 3 1
Novaculichthys taeniourus 1
scaridae
Calotomus carolinus 1
Scarus sordidus 4 19
S. psittacus 1 3
S. rubroviolaceus 1
blenniidae
Cirripectus variolosus 1
acanthuridae
Acanthurus nigrofuscus 12 2 1 24 30
A. nigroris 5 5
A. thompsoni 26
A. olivaceus 1 1
Ctenochaetus strigosus 56 48
Zebrasoma flavescens 3 1
Naso lituratus 3 1
N. hexacanthus 43
zanclidae
Zanclus cornutus 2 4 1
balistidae
Melichthys niger 3 6
Sufflamen bursa 2 5 5 5 3 1
monacanthidae
Pervagor spilosoma 1 1
P. melanocephalus 1
Cantherhines dumerili 1
ostraciidae
Ostracion meleagris 1 1 1
canthigasteridae
Canthigaster jactator 3 3 4 1 1 1
C. cornata 1 1
tetraodontidae
Arothron hispidus 1 1
Total No. of Species 36 19 15 9 23 36
Total No. of Individuals 312 153 33 27 136 247
Biomass (g/m2) 736 247 30 14 69 108
Note: Each entry in the body of the table represents the total number of individuals of each species seen; totals are presented at the foot of the table along with an estimate of the standing crop (g/m2) of fishes present at each location. All censuses were carried out by the author.
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