Maxillopoda - Copepoda
POECILOSTOMATOIDA
NON-MARINE PARASITES
JOSÉ CELSO MALTA
ANGELA VARELLA
Departamento de Biologia Aquática
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia
Family Ergasilidae Nordmann, 1832
Genus Ergasilus Nordmann, 1832
Ergasilus atafonensis Amado & Rocha, 1996
Description and diagnosis: Amado & Rocha, 1995[1996]: 38.
References: Amado & Rocha, 1995[1996]: 38, figs. 10-18.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PA, MA, AL, SE, BA, RJ, SP, RS).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Mugil curema, M. platanus, M. trichodon, and M. liza..
Ergasilus bahiensis Amado & Rocha, 1996
Description and diagnosis: Amado & Rocha, 1995[1996]: 34.
References: Amado & Rocha, 1995[1996]: 34, figs. 1-13.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (BA).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Mugil curema.
Ergasilus bryconis Thatcher, 1981
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher, 1981a: 439.
References: Thatcher, 1981a: 439, figs. 1-13; Varella, 1985: 1, pls. 3-16, figs. 4-82; Thatcher, 1991: 450, pl. 8, figs. 2-7.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Brycon erytropterus. Female, male and life cycle described.
Ergasilus callophysus Thatcher & Boeger, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Boeger, 1984a: 326.
References: Thatcher & Boeger, 1984a: 326, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-10; Thatcher, 1991: 450, pl. 8, fig. 8a-d.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Callophysus macropterus.
Ergasilus caraguatatubensis Amado & Rocha, 1996
Description and diagnosis: Amado & Rocha, 1995[1996]: 43.
References: Amado & Rocha, 1995[1996]: 43, figs. 27-37.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (MA, AL, RJ, SP).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Mugil curema and M. gaimardianus.
Ergasilus colomesus Thatcher & Boeger, 1983
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Boeger, 1983a: 371.
References: Thatcher & Boeger, 1983a: 371, pls. 1-3, figs. 1-15; Thatcher, 1991: 450, pl. 8, figs. 9a-e, 49-53.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Colomesus asellus.
Ergasilus cyanopictus Carvalho, 1962
Description and diagnosis: Carvalho, 1962: 31.
References: Carvalho, 1962: 31, pl. 1, figs. 1-9.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Mugil cephalus.
Ergasilus euripedesi Montú, 1980
Description and diagnosis: Montú, 1980: 53.
References: Montú, 1980: 53 , pls. 1-2, figs. 1-10, 55, pls. 3-4, figs. 12-19 (female of Ergasilus sp. as being the male of E. euripedesi); Varella, 1985: 81; Thatcher, 1991: 450, pl. 8, fig. 22.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (RS).
Comments: Parasite of Brevoortia pectinata, Micropogonias furnieri, and Lycengraulis grossidens.
Ergasilus holobryconis Malta & Varella, 1986
Description and diagnosis: Malta & Varella, 1986: 41.
References: Malta & Varella, 1986: 41, pls. 1-3, figs. 1-11; Thatcher, 1991: 451, pl. 8, fig. 15.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (RO).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Holobrycon pesu.
Ergasilus hydrolycus Thatcher, Boeger & Robertson, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher et al., 1984: 321.
References: Thatcher et al., 1984: 321, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-11; Thatcher, 1991: 451, pl. 8, fig. 1a-d.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Hydrolycus scomberoides.
Ergasilus hypophthalmi Boeger, Martins & Thatcher, 1993
Description and diagnosis: Boeger et al., 1993: 421.
References: Boeger et al., 1993: 421, pl. 1, figs. 1-8.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Hypophthalmus edentatus and H. fimbriatus.
Ergasilus iheringi Tidd, 1942
Description and diagnosis: Tidd, 1942: 62.
References: Tidd, 1942: 62, pl. 1, figs. 1-9; Yamaguti, 1963: 31; Thatcher, 1991: 451, pl. 8, fig. 16.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PB).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Hoplias malabaricus.
Ergasilus jaraquensis Thatcher & Robertson, 1982
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Robertson, 1982: 515.
References: Thatcher & Robertson, 1982: 515, figs. 1-11; Thatcher, 1991: 451, pl. 8, fig. 10a-d.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Semaprochilodus insignis.
Ergasilus leporinidis Thatcher, 1981
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher, 1981b: 723.
References: Thatcher, 1981b: 723, figs. 1-11; 1991: 451, pl. 8, fig. 20.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Leporinus fasciatus.
Ergasilus longimanus Kroyer, 1863
Description and diagnosis: Kroyer, 1863: 305.
References: Kroyer, 1863: 305, pl. 8, fig. 1a-b; Wilson, 1911: 327; Yamaguti, 1963: 31, pl. 35, fig. 2.
Geographic distribution: Brazil.
Comments: On the gill filaments of Mugil sp.
Ergasilus orientalis Yamaguti, 1939
Description and diagnosis: Yamaguti, 1939: 303; Cressey, 1970: 358.
References: Yamaguti, 1939: 303; Cressey, 1970: 358, fig. 42.
Geographic distribution: Australia, Japan, Uruguay, and Brazil (PA).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Acanthogobius flavimanus, Atherina bleekeri, Strongylura incisa, and Potamorrhaphis guianensis.
Ergasilus xenomelanirisi Carvalho, 1955
Description and diagnosis: Carvalho, 1955a: 215.
References: Carvalho, 1955a: 215, pl. 1, figs. 1-10.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (SP).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Xenomelaniris brasiliensis.
Genus Rhinergasilus Boeger & Thatcher, 1988
Rhinergasilus piranhus Boeger & Thatcher, 1988
Description and diagnosis: Boeger & Thatcher, 1988: 87; Thatcher, 1991: 451.
References: Boeger & Thatcher, 1988: 87, pl. 1, figs. 1-10; Thatcher, 1991: 451, pl. 8, fig. 17.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Pygocentrus nattereri.
Genus Prehendorastrus Boeger & Thatcher, 1990
Prehendorastrus bidentatus Boeger & Thatcher, 1990
Description and diagnosis: Boeger & Thatcher, 1990: 134.
References: Boeger & Thatcher, 1990: 134, pls. 1-2, 5, figs. 1-9, 19-20.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Hypophthalmus edentatus and H. fimbriatus.
Prehendorastrus monodontus Boeger & Thatcher, 1990
Description and diagnosis: Boeger & Thatcher, 1990: 137.
References: Boeger & Thatcher, 1990: 137, pls. 3-4, figs. 10-18.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Hypophthalmus edentatus and H. fimbriatus.
Genus Miracetyma Malta, 1993
Miracetyma etimaruya Malta, 1993
Description and diagnosis: Malta, 1993a: 49.
References: Malta, 1993a: 49; pls. 2-3, figs. 2-12.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (RO).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Curimata cyprinoides, Potamorhina latior, and Psectrogaster essequibensis.
Miracetyma kawa Malta, 1993
Description and diagnosis: Malta, 1993b: 251.
References: Malta,1993b: 49; pls. 1-2, figs. 1-11.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (RO).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Rhaphiodon vulpinus.
Miracetyma piraya Malta, 1993
Description and diagnosis: Malta, 1993c: 261.
References: Malta,1993c: 261, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-11.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (RO).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Pygocentrus nattereri.
Genus Acusicola Cressey, 1970
Acusicola cunula Cressey & Collette, 1970
Description and diagnosis: Cressey & Collette, 1970: 360.
References: Cressey & Collette, 1970: 360, figs. 53-60; Thatcher & Boeger, 1983a: 943; 1983b: 273; Thatcher, 1984: 181; Thatcher & Paredes, 1985: 207; Thatcher, 1991: 449, pl. 8, figs. 19.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Pseudotylosurus angusticeps.
Acusicola lycengraulidis Thatcher & Boeger, 1983
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Boeger, 1983c: 943.
References: Thatcher & Boeger, 1983c: 943, figs. 1-11; 1983b: 273; Thatcher & Paredes, 1985: 207, fig. 14; Thatcher, 1991: 450, pl. 8, fig. 12a-c.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PA).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Lycengraulis grossidens.
Acusicola pellonidis Thatcher & Boeger, 1983
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Boeger, 1983d: 273.
References: Thatcher & Boeger, 1983d: 273, figs. 1-13; Thatcher & Paredes, 1985: 207, fig. 12; Thatcher, 1991: 450, pl. 8, figs. 13a-d.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Pellona castelnaeana.
Acusicola tucunarense Thatcher, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher, 1984: 181.
References: Thatcher, 1984: 181, figs. 1-11; Thatcher & Paredes, 1985: 213, fig. 11; Thatcher, 1991: 450, pl. 8, fig. 14a-d.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Cichla ocellaris.
Genus Amplexibranchius Thatcher & Paredes, 1985
Amplexibranchius bryconis Thatcher & Paredes, 1985
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Paredes, 1985: 205.
References:Thatcher & Paredes, 1985: 205, figs. 1-10; Thatcher, 1991: 450, pl. 8, fig. 37a-i.
Geographic distribution: Peru and Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Brycon cephalus.
Genus Brasergasilus Thatcher & Boeger, 1983
Brasergasilus anodus Thatcher & Boeger, 1983
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Boeger, 1983b: 200.
References: Thatcher & Boeger, 1983b: 200, pls. 6-11, figs. 10-18; 1984b: 398; Thatcher, 1991: 449, pl. 8, figs. 25-26.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PA).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Anodus elongatus.
Brasergasilus jaraquensis Thatcher & Boeger, 1983
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Boeger, 1983b: 195.
References: Thatcher & Boeger, 1983b: 195, pls. 1-5, figs. 1-9; 1984b: 398; Thatcher, 1991: 449, pl. 8, figs. 24, 28.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Semaprochilodus insignis.
Brasergasilus oranus Thatcher & Boeger, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Boeger, 1984b: 395.
References: Thatcher & Boeger, 1984b: 395, figs. 1-3, 6-13; Thatcher, 1991: 449, pl. 8, fig. 27.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill filaments of Anodus elongatus.
Genus Vaigamus Thatcher & Robertson, 1984
Vaigamus retrobarbatus Thatcher & Robertson, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Robertson, 1984: 716.
References: Thatcher & Robertson, 1984: 716, pls. 1-5, figs. 1-22; Thatcher & Boeger, 1984c: 423; Thatcher, 1991: 451, pl. 8, figs. 29a-e; Amado et al., 1995: 237.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: Unknown host, collected in the plankton, females and males described.
Vaigamus spinicephalus Thatcher & Robertson, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Robertson, 1984: 724.
References: Thatcher & Robertson, 1984: 724, pls. 6-10, figs. 23-45; Thatcher & Boeger, 1984c: 423; Thatcher, 1991: 451, pl. 8, fig. 30a-e; Amado et al., 1995: 237.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (PA).
Comments: Unknown host, collected in the plankton, females and males described.
Genus Gamidactylus Thatcher & Boeger, 1984
Gamidactylus jaraquensis Thatcher & Boeger, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Boeger, 1984c: 421.
References: Thatcher & Boeger, 1984c: 421 pls. 1-2, figs. 1-10; 1984d: 505; Thatcher, 1991: 452, pl. 8, figs. 31a-e, 34; Amado et al., 1995: 236.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: In the nasal fossae of Semaprochilodus insignis. V
Genus Gamispinus Thatcher & Boeger, 1984
Gamispinus diabolicus Thatcher & Boeger, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Boeger, 1984d: 505.
References: Thatcher & Boeger, 1984d: 505, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-10; Thatcher, 1991: 452, pl. 8, figs. 32a-e, 35; Amado et al., 1995: 236.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: In the nasal fossae of Ageneiosus brevifilis.
Genus Gamispatulus Thatcher & Boeger, 1984
Gamispatulus schizodontis Thatcher & Boeger, 1984
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher & Boeger, 1984e: 119.
References: Thatcher & Boeger, 1984e: 119, pls. 1-3, figs. 1-11; Thatcher, 1991: 452, pl. 8, figs. 33a-d, 36; Amado et al., 1995: 236.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: In the nasal fossae of Schizodon fasciatus.
Genus Therodomas Kroyer, 1863
Therodomas serrani Kroyer, 1863
Description and diagnosis: Kroyer, 1863: 316.
References: Kroyer, 1863: 316, pl. 14, figs. 1-16; Thomsen, 1949: 30; Carvalho, 1955b: 97; Amado & Rocha, 1996: 77.
Geographic distribution: West Indies, Brazil (SP), and Uruguay.
Comments: Synonymy. Trachyurus barbus; gills of Mugil sp.
Therodomas elongatus (Thatcher, 1986)
Description and diagnosis: Thatcher, 1986: 49.
References: Thatcher, 1986: 49, pls. 1-3, figs. 1-15; 1991: 453, pl. 8, figs. 39a-k, 42-43; Amado & Rocha, 1996: 77.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (AM).
Comments: On the gill arches of Plagioscion quamosissimus.
Therodomas tamarae Amado & Rocha, 1996
Description and diagnosis: Amado & Rocha, 1996: 77.
References: Amado & Rocha, 1996: 77, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-12.
Geographic distribution: Brazil (GO).
Comments: On the gill arches of Plagioscion squamosissimus.
References
Amado, M.A.P. & Rocha, C.E.F. 1995. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Ergasilidae (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida), with reconsideration of the taxonomic status of the Vaigamidae. Contribuitons to Zoology 65(4): 233-243.
Amado, M.A.P. & Rocha, C.E.F. 1996. Therodomas tamarae, a new species of copepod (Poecilostomatoida: Ergasilidae) parasitic on Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel) from the Araguaia River, Brazil; with a key to the species of the genus. Hydrobiologia 325: 77-82.
Amado, M.A.P. & Rocha, C.E.F. 1995[1996]. Três novas espécies de copépodes parasitas do gênero Ergasilius (Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidae) coletados em filamentos branquiais de peixes Mugilídeos do Brasil. Nauplius 3: 33-48.
Boeger, W.A. & Thatcher, V.E. 1988. Rhinergasilus piranhus gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Ergasilidae) from the nasal cavities of piranha caju, Serrasalmus nattereri, in the central Amazon. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 55(1): 87-90.
Boeger, W.A. & Thatcher, V.E. 1990. Prehendorastrus n. g. (Poecilostomatoida: Ergasilidae) with descriptions of two new species from the gill rakers of Hypophtalmus spp. (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the Brazilian Amazon. Systematic Parasitology 17: 133-141.
Boeger, W.A., Martins, M. & Thatcher, V.E. 1993. Ergasilus hypophthalmi (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Ergasilidae) from the gill rakers of Hypophthalmus edentatus Spix and H. fimbriatus Kner. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 53(3): 421- 424.
Carvalho, J. 1955a. Ergasilus xenomelanirisi sp. n. parasito de Peixe-Rei Xenomelaniris brasiliensis (Quoy e Gaimard), (Copepoda-Cyclopoida-Pisces-Mugiloidei). Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico 6(1-2): 215-224.
Carvalho, J. 1955b. O gênero Therodomas Kroyer representado em águas brasileiras (Crustacea: Copepoda). Ciência e Cultura 7: 97-98.
Carvalho, J. 1962. Ergasilus cyanopictus sp. n. parasito da tainha Mugil cephalus (L.) Arquivos do Museu Nacional 52: 31-36.
Cressey, R.F. & Collette, B.B. 1970. Copepods and needlefishes: a study in host-parasite relationships. Fishery Bulletin 68(3): 347-432.
Kroyer, H. 1863. Bidrag til Kundskab om Snyltekrebsene. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift 2(3): 75-426.
Malta, J.C.O. 1993a. Miracetyma etimaruya gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidae) from freshwater fishes of the Brazilian Amazon. Acta Amazonica 23(1): 49-57.
Malta, J.C.O. 1993b. Miracetyma kawa sp. nov. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidae) dos peixes de água doce da Amazônia Brasileira. Acta Amazonica 23(2-3): 251-259.
Malta, J.C.O. 1993c. Miracetyma piraya sp. nov. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidae) dos peixes de água doce da Amazônia Brasileira. Acta Amazonica 23(2-3): 261-269.
Malta, J.C.O. & Varella, A.M.B. 1986. Ergasilus holobryconis sp. n. crustáceo parasita de Holobrycon pesu (Muller & Troschell), um peixe da Amazônia Brasileira (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Ergasilidae). Amazoniana 10(1): 41-48.
Montu, M. 1980. Parasite copepods of Southern Brazilian fishes I- Ergasilus euripedesi n. sp. (Copepoda: Cyclopidea). Iheringia 56: 53 62.
Thatcher, V.E. 1981a. Os crustáceos parasitos de peixes da Amazônia Brasileira. 1. Ergasilus bryconis n. sp. (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea) da matrinchä (Brycon melanopterus). Acta Amazonica 11(3): 439-444.
Thatcher, V.E. 1981b. Os crustáceos parasitos de peixes da Amazônia Brasileira. 2. Ergasilus leporinidis n. sp. (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea) das brânquias de Leporinus fasciatus (Bloch). Acta Amazonica 11(4): 723 727.
Thatcher, V.E. 1984. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 7. Acusicola tucunarense, n. sp. (Copepoda: Ciclopoidea) from Cichla ocellaris, with emendation of the genus and proposal of Acusicolinae subfam. nov. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 44(2): 181-189.
Thatcher, V.E. 1986. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 16. Amazonicopeus elongatus gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) with the proposal of Amazonicopeidae fam. nov. and remarks on its pathogenicity. Amazoniana 10(1): 49-56.
Thatcher, V.E. 1991. Amazon Fish Parasites. Amazoniana 11(3-4): 263-572.
Thatcher, V.E. & Boeger, W.A. 1983a. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 4. Ergasilus colomesus n. sp. (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea) from an ornamental fish, Colomesus asellus (Tetraodontidae) and aspects of its pathogenicity. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 102(4): 371-379.
Thatcher, V.E. & Boeger, W.A. 1983b. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 5. Brasergasilus gen. nov. (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea) a "three-legged" ergasilid, with two new species and the proposal of Abergasilinae subfam. nov. Acta Amazonica 13(1): 195-214.
Thatcher, V.E. & Boeger, W.A. 1983c. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 8. Acusicola lycengraulidis n. sp. (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea) from Lycengraulis grossidens Cuvier. Acta Amazonica, 13(4-5): 943-951.
Thatcher, V.E. & Boeger, W.A. 1983d. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 10. Acusicola pellonidis n. sp. (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea) from Pellona castelnaeana (Valenciennes). Amazoniana 8(3): 273-279.
Thatcher, V.E. & Boeger, W.A. 1984a. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 9. Ergasilus callophysus n. sp. (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea) from Callophysus macropterus (Lichtenstein). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 51(2): 326-330.
Thatcher, V.E. & Boeger, W.A. 1984b. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 6. Brasergasilus oranus n. sp. (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea) from Anodus elongatus Spix. Revista Brasileira de Biolologia 44(4): 395-401.
Thatcher, V.E. & Boeger, W.A. 1984c. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 13. Gamidactylus jaraquensis gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Vaigamidae) from the nasal fossae of Semaprochilodus insignis (Schomburgk). Amazoniana 8(3): 421-426.
Thatcher, V.E. & Boeger, W.A. 1984d. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 14. Gamispinus diabolicus gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Vaigamidae) from the nasal fossae of Ageneiosus brevifilis Valenciennes. Amazoniana 8(4): 505-510.
Thatcher, V.E. & Boeger, W.A. 1984e. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 15. Gamispatulus schizodontis gen. et sp. nov. (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Vaigamidae) from the nasal fossae of Schizodon fasciatus Agassiz. Amazoniana 9(1): 119-126.
Thatcher, V.E., Boeger, W.A. & Robertson, B.A. 1984. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 12. Ergasilus hydrolycus n. sp. (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) from Hydrolycus scomberoides (Cuvier). Amazoniana 8(6): 21-326.
Thatcher, V.E. & Paredes, V. 1985. A parasitic copepod, Amplexibranchius bryconis gen. et sp. nov. (Ergasilidae: Acusicolinae) from a Amazonian fish and remarks on the importance of leg morphology in this subfamily. Amazoniana 9(2): 205-214.
Thatcher, V.E. & Robertson, B.A. 1982. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 3. Ergasilus jaraquensis n. sp. (Copepoda: Cyclopoidea) from the gills of Semaprochilodus insignis (Schomburgk). Revista Brasileira de Biolologia 42(3): 515-519.
Thatcher, V.E. & Robertson, B.A. 1984. The parasitic crustaceans of fishes from the Brazilian Amazon. 11. Vaigamidae fam. nov. (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) with males and females of Vaigamus retrobarbatus gen. et sp. n. and V. spinecephalus sp. n. from plankton. Canadian Journal of Zoology 62: 716-729.
Thomsen, R. 1949. Copepodos parasitos de los peces marinos del Uruguay. Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo 54(3): 1-41.
Tidd, W.M. 1942. A new species of Ergasilus (Parasitic, Copepoda) from a characinid fish of Brazil. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 61(1): 62-65.
Varella, A.M.B. 1985. O ciclo biológico de Ergasilus bryconis Thatcher, 1981 (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida: Ergasilidae) parasita das brânquias do matrinxä, Brycon erythropterum (Cope, 1872) e aspectos de sua ecologia. Ed. Universitária, Natal, 100pp.
Wilson, C.B. 1911. North American parasitic copepods belonging to the family Ergasilidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 39: 263-400.
Wilson, C.B. 1944. Parasitic copepods in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 94(3177): 529-583.
Yamaguti, S. 1939. Parasitic copepods from fishes of Japan. Part 4. Cyclopoida. II Jubileu Yoshida 2: 391-441.
Yamaguti, S. 1963. Parasitic Copepoda and Branchiura of Fishes. John Wiley, New York, 1104pp.
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