Please do not cite in official papers

Status: 07.07.2004

- Spore forms known within Hymenoscyphus :

scutuloid = the apical end rounded and more or less hooked (like in H. scutula), the basal end pointed

ciboroid = slightly inequilateral form somewhat between ellipsoid and ovoid,

cylindrical

ellipsoid

fusiform

- Spores being scutuloid in fresh state can loose more or less this form once killed and appear than rather narrow ellipsoid to fusiform (e.g. Hymenoscyphus calyculus, H. conscriptus, H. vitigenus). Consider scutuloid spores if you try to determine species based on rehydrated exsiccata.

- The species not known by the author and to be looked for in Belgium have been put between square brackets.

- If not otherwise mentioned, the inner part of the ascus porus is blued in IKI (= Hymenoscyphus type porus).

- Spore guttule size:

small = up to 1 µm diameter;

medium = between 1 and 3 µm diameter;

large = diameter (almost) equal to the spore width.

Guttulation quantity and size should be observed of fresh (living) material. Spore guttulation is mostly disturbed by chemical agents. Spores of sensitive species die even in drinking water within a few seconds.

- The content of fresh spores has been characterised, according Baral, by an oil content index (OCI) as follows

0 = no oil content (eguttulate)

1 = about 3 % oil content

2 = about 10 % oil content

3 = about 25 % oil content

4 = about 50 % oil content

5 = about 80 % oil content

KEY TO THE SPECIES AND VARIETIES.

Parasitic or saprofitic

Spores

Paraphyses filled with strongly refractive guttules. Apothecia reddening.

Basal ectal excipulum texture

Reference

Hymenoscyphus, section Scutuloideae

(*) Axelsvaardeken 28, B-9185 Wachtebeke

E-mail: bernard.declercq2@pandora.be

Hymenoscyphus, section Scutuloideae.

Typus : Hymenoscyphus scutula (Pers.: Fr.) Phill.

Apothecia reddening when hurted. Paraphyses with strongly refractive guttules.

1' Asci arising from croziers (H. ombrophilaeformis to be checked) ………… …………………………………31

2' Spores longer ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16

6. 
   Apothecia scutellate, 0,5-3 mm diameter, pale ivory to cream, reddening, short stalk with blackish base. Asci 80-100x9-11 µm. Spores 13-20x(3)4-5 µm, with 1-3 medium and many small guttules per side, OCI = 5, without cilia. On blackened petioles of Fraxinus. Phen.: (VII)VIII-X……………………………………......
   

6’ Spores with large and minute guttules …………………………………………………………………………... 7

7' Apothecia larger and stalked ……………………………………………………………………………………… 8

8’ Spores mostly with cilia …………………………………………….……………………………………….…… 10

.

10 Spores 3-4 µm wide ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11

11' Spores 0(1)-septate, 12-21(23)x3-4 µm, OCI = 4-4,5, with an up to 1 µm long cilium at one or both ends. On old fruits of Carpinus. Phen.: IX-X.

12’ Apothecia scutellate, 0,5-1,5(2,5) mm diameter, pale ivory to pale yellowish, stalked. Asci 95-115x8,5-11 µm. Spores scutuloid, without hooked apical end, 17-24x4-4,5(5) µm, without cilia or only a few spores with up to 3 µm long cilia at both ends, (1)2-3 up to 3 µm diameter guttules and several minute ones per side, OCI = 5. On herbaceous stems of Polygonum cuspidatum, Thalictrium flavum, Rubus fruticosus, petioles of Filipendula and Fraxinus. Phen.: (VII)IX-X(XII).. Hymenoscyphus vitellinus (Rehm) O. Kuntze

(One collection, exs. 98086, on old stems of Polygonum mite, differs by spores with only minute guttules)
16 Asci 90-145 µm long ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 17

16’ Asci 120-185 µm long …………………………………………………………………………………………..... 22

17’ Spores wider …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 20

19' Apothecia scutellate, up to 2 mm diameter, whitish to ochraceous yellow, reddening, stalked. Asci 90-145x9-12 µm. Spores 0(1)-septate, 19-28(30)x(3)4-5 µm, with 2-3 up to 2,5 µm diameter guttules and many small ones per side, OCI = 5, with a thin coating. On decaying leaves of Alnus and Salix, petioles of Castanea and Fraxinus, twigs of Alnus, trunks of Fagus, stems of Athyrium, Hypericum perforatum, Pteridium aquila, Rubus fruticosus, Rubus idaeus, Teucrium scorodonia. Phen.: IX-XI.

?= Hymenoscyphus nubilipes (Boud.) Gamundi (1979) = Helotium nubilipes Boud. (1907)

?= Hymenoscyphus cejpi (Velen.) Dennis (1964) = Helotium cejpi Velen. (1934)

Basionym: Hymenoscyphus scutula (Pers.: Fr.) Phill. f. pteridis Feltgen, ……..

20. 
    Apothecia up to 1 mm diameter, whitish to ochraceous yellow, reddening, with up to 1(2) mm long stalk. Asci 90-120(140)x13-15 µm. Spores 20-24x(4,5)5-6(6,5) µm, mostly slightly constricted at the middle, with (1)2(3) medium guttules and many minute ones per side, OCI = 5. On leaves of Iris pseudacorus in humid places. Phen.: VIII-IX…………………………………………Hymenoscyphus nanus Declercq sp. nov. ined.
    

20’ Apothecia purplish ………………………………………………………………………………………………... 21

21' Apothecia 0,7-2,5 mm diameter, pale bluish when fresh, shortly stipitate. Asci 120-140 µm long, arising from ?. Spores 0(1)-septate, 20-25x6-7 µm, without cilia. On trunks, twigs and branches of Acer and Fagus. Phen.: IX-X. …………………………………………..[Hymenoscyphus ombrophilaeformis Svrcek]

22. 
    On woody substrates ………………………………………………………………………..…………….……... 23
    

22. 
    Apo­the­cia scutellate, 0,5-3,5 mm diameter, whitish to yellowish, reddening, shortly stipitate. Asci 120-170x13-17 µm. Spores slightly scutuloid or inequilateral-fusiform, 0(1,3)-septate, finally becoming pale brown, (20)25-30(32)x5-7(8,5) µm, with 2(3) up to 4,5 µm diameter guttules per side and many minute ones when fresh, OCI = 5, mostly with 1-2(5) up to 1 µm long cilia at both ends. On twigs and branches of Salix mostly still attached to the tree, sometimes on Alnus and Populus. Phen.: (V)VIII-X.
    

23’ Apothecia scutellate, 1-4 mm diameter, yellow to ochraceous yellow, reddening, stalked. Asci 140-200x13-15 µm. Spores scutuloid, 29-35(40)x(4,5)6-7(7,5) µm, filled with medium and small guttules, OCI=5, with 2-3 up to 2(4) µm long cilia at both ends. On wood of Carpinus. Phen.: XII-I.

proposed to Baral a new epithet: lepismoides. Etym.: ciliate spores cf. Lepisma sacharina.

Etym.: derivation from J. Dearness, Canadian collector of the type species.

24’ Spores wider …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
25 Apothecia up to 1 mm diameter, ochraceous yellow, substipitate. Asci 120-160x13-15 µm. Spores slightly scutuloid, 21-25(31)x5-6(7,5) µm, with (1)2(3) medium guttules and many minute ones per side, OCI = 5, becoming 1(2)-septate and brownish when overmature. Paraphyses with large chloraceous yellow to redbrown guttules. On petioles of Dryopteris felix-mas. Phen.: X.

Hymenoscyphus chloroscyphus Baral sp. nov. ined. (= Lambertella tengii Zhuang)

25' Apothecia scutellate, 0,5-3(4) mm diameter, whitish to ochraceous yellow, reddening, with long stalk. Asci 125-185x12-13 µm. Spores with or without cilium at both ends, (15)18-28(39)x(4)5-6(7) µm, 0(1,3)-septate, with (2)3(4) up to 4,5 µm diameter guttules and many small ones per side, OCI = 5. On Gramineae, Cyperaceae and herbaceous stems. Phen.: X-XI (XII).

31' Spores with medium and small guttules ……………………………………………………………………….. 33

32' Apothecia scutellate, 1-2 mm diameter, pale yellowish, stalked. Asci 95-115x9-12 µm, arising from croziers. Spores slightly constricted, 0(1,3)-septate, 16-21(37)x3-6 µm, with a cluster of minute guttules at both sides, OCI = 4. Paraphyses with refractive guttules which tend to become cylindrical. Marginal ectal excipulum of guttulate textura porrecta. On petioles and decaying leaves of Populusxcanadensis. Phen.: X-XI………………………………………… Hymenoscyphys caudatoides Declercq spec. nov. ined.

33’ Spores in average longer than 15 µm …………………………………………………………………………. 34

34' Spores longer ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39

35’ Spores not ciliate …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 37

36’ Apothecia up to 7(10) mm diameter, orange yellow hymenium, stalked. Asci 150-185x11-13 µm. Spores subscutuloid to fusiform, 0(1)-septate, 18-22x4,5-5,5 µm, with many medium to small guttules, OCI = 5. On dead branches of Alnus viridis. Phen.: VIII-IX………………[Hymenoscyphus trichosporus Dougoud]

[Hymenoscyphus subferugineus (Nyl.) Dennis]

37’ Asci shorter, spores narrower ……..……………………………………………………………………………. 38
38 Apothecia up to 2 mm diameter, yellow, stalked. Asci length very variable, arising from croziers. Spores subscutuloid to fusiform, 0(1)-septate, 15-18x(3)4-5 µm, mostly with 4 up to 3 µm diameter guttules and many minute ones, OCI = 5. On twigs of Alnus, Fagus and Rubus. Phen.: IX-X.

Hymenoscyphus calyculus (Sow.) Phill.

38’ Apothecia scutellate, 0.6-1.2 mm diameter, pale ochraceous yellow, stalk up to 1 mm long. Asci 90-110x9-10 µm, arising from croziers. Spores strongly scutuloid to scutuloid, 14-18(21)x3,5-4 µm, with up to 4 medium and many small gutules per side, OCI = 5. Paraphyses with medium refractive guttules. On veins of decaying leaves of Myrica gale, Quercus rubra. Phen.: VII.

39' Spores longer …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42

40’ Foliicolous species ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41

41’ Apothecia up to 1 mm diameter, white, stalked. Asci (75)85-105x9-10 µm. Spores scutuloid, 0(1)-septate, 17-23x(3,5)4-5 µm, with 2(3) large and several small guttules per side, OCI = 4-4,5 , sometimes with 1-3 about 1 µm long cilia at both ends.. Paraphyses with refractive guttules which tend to form a cylindrical vacuole. On petioles and decaying leaves of Populusxcanadensis, Populus tremula, Quercus robur, Quercus rubra. Phen.: VIII-IX.

42’ On other substrates …………………………………………………………………………………………….... 44

[Hymenoscyphus fucatus (W. Phill.) Baral & Hengstm. var. fucatus]

44' (Description of rehydrated exsiccatum according Hengst.) Apothecia up to 0,9 mm, light yellow, stalked. Asci 83-101x9-10 µm, arising from croziers, porus medium blue in IKI. Spores 25-31x4-5 µm, mostly with 1-3 tiny setulae at both ends, with 2-3 large guttules per side,.OCI = 5. Paraphyses with refractive guttules. On dead leaf of ?Carex. Phen.: X.

Hymenoscyphus fucatus (W. Phill.) Baral & Hengstm. var. badensis Hengstm.

TABLE 2.

1’ Apothecia not blackening……………………………………………………………………………………………2

(belonging here or in table 1??)

2’ Spores longer ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
4 Spores up to 20 (22) µm long …………………………………………………………………………………….. 5

4’ Spores longer ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7

5’ Asci up to 120 µm long, OCI = 4-5 ……………………………………………………………………………….. 6

6’ Apothecia scutellate, 0,5-2 mm diameter, whitish, reddening, with 0,5-2(4) mm long stalk. Asci ?80-120x11-12,5 µm, arising from simple septa. Spores scutuloid, pointed basal end, 0(1)-septate, (14)16-22x3,5-4,5 µm, with 1-3 about 1,5-2 µm diameter guttules and many small guttules per side, OCI = 4-5, both ends mostly ornamented with the remainings of a thin hyaline sheath. Paraphyses with low refractive guttules. On decaying leaves of Acer, Aesculus, Alnus, Betula, Castanea sativa, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Crataegus, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus, Platanus, Populus, Prunus, Quercus, Robinia, Salix, Tilia, Ulmus, sometimes on other substrates. Phen.: (VI)IX-XI.

7’ Asci up to 120 µm long ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 8

8’ Apothecia scutellate, 1-1,6 mm diameter, pale ivory, stalk 1-1,5 mm long and with blackish base. Asci 100-115x10-11 µm, arising from simple septa. Spores aseptate, 19-27(29)x4,5-6 µm, filled with up to 1,5 µm diameter guttules, OCI = 5. Paraphyses with low refractive guttules.On decaying leaves of Acer pseudoplatanus. Phen.: X.

Etym.: derivation from V. Vacek, Tchechish mycologist.

Typus : Hymenoscyphus repandus (Phill.) Dennis

Apothecia reddening when damaged. Paraphyses with strongly refractive guttules.

1' Asci arising from croziers 10

2’ Spores with oil content 3-5 6

?= Hymenoscyphus populneus (Velen.) Svr.

3' Apothecia up to 2,5 mm diameter, flesh-coloured to orange, with long stalk. Asci 90-120 µm long, arising from simple septa?. Spores ellipsoid-cylindrical to slightly clavate, 9-14x2,5-4,5 µm, with a few guttules per side, OCI = 1,5. On Cladium, Phragmites, Scirpus and Typha. Phen.: V-VIII.

Hymenoscyphus robustior (P. Karst.) Dennis
6 Apothecia 0,5-2 mm diameter, whitish, shortly stalked. Asci 105-120x10-11 µm, arising from simple septa. Spores shoe-shaped, with a thin coating, 0(1)-septate, 13-18x4,5-5,5 µm, with several small guttules at each pole, OCI = 3. Paraphyses with refractive guttules at the upper 15-25 µm of the tip. Excipulum of textura porrecta. On decaying leaves of Castanea, Fagus and Quercus. Phen.: IX-XI.

Hymenoscyphus sparsus (Boud.) Baral

6’ Spores with oil content 4,5-5 9

= Helotium consobrinum Boud.  Hymenoscyphus consobrinus (Boud.) Hengstm.

9’ Apothecia up to 1,5 m diameter and 1,5 µm high, whitish, shortly stalked. Asci 85-120x10-12 µm, arising from simple septa. Spores cylindrical-fusiform, 0(1)-septate, (12)14-16(17)x4,5-5,5(6) µm, multiguttulate, OCI=4,5-5. Paraphyses few in amount, with refractive guttules or cylindrical body. On decaying leaves of Betula pubescens. Phen. : IX-XI……………………….. Hymenoscyphus betulae Declercq sp. nov. inedit.
10 Ascoporus IKI- 11

10' Ascoporus weakly to strongly blued in IKI 12

Phaeohelotium?

12’ Spores longer 13

13' Spores longer 15

?= Hymenoscyphus peruni (Velen.) Svr. 1986: 216.

≡ Helotium peruni Velen. 1934: 186.

14' Apothecia up to 2 mm diameter, ochraceous yellow, shortly stalked. Asci 90-110x10 µm, arising from croziers. Spores 10-13x4-4,5µm, with one up to 1,5 µm diameter guttule and several smaller ones per side, OCI = .... Paraphyses ..... On dead wood and bark. Phen.: V.

= Hymenoscyphus menthae (Phill.) Dennis ss. auct.

15’ Spores wider 16
16 Apothecia up to 2,5 mm diameter, white to pale yellowish, with long stalk. Asci 85-120x10-12 µm. Spores fusiform with rounded ends, becoming (1)3-septate within the asci, 16-22(24)x5-6,5(7) µm, with many small guttules, OCI = 4-4,5. On fallen leaves of Populusxcanadensis in mudy places, exceptionally on dead stems of Rubus fruticosus. Phen.: IX-XI………………. Hymenoscyphus strangulatus (Velen.) Svr.

16’ Apothecia 1-2,5 mm diameter, stalked. Asci 140-160(210)x(10)12-13,5 µm. Spores fusiform with rounded ends, 0(1)-septate, (17)19-25 (27) x5-7(8) µm, with several large guttules, OCI = 4,5. On water-soaked wood and branches of Fagus and Quercus. Phen.: VII-XII……... Hymenoscyphus laetus (Boud.) Dennis

TABLE 4.

1’ Asci arising from croziers ……………………………………………………………………………….…………. 2

2’ Apothecia up to 15 mm diameter, disk pale ochraceous to orange, shortly stalked. Asci 125-145x15-16,5 µm. Spores naviculate, 1(3)-septate when old, 18-25x5,5-6 µm, with many medium and small guttules, OCI=4-4,5. On dead twigs and wood of Laburnum anagyroides, Laburnum alpinum. Phen.: VIII.

[Hymenoscyphus infarciens (Ces.) Dennis]

Cudoniella Sacc. (1889)

Typus : Not designated.

1’ Apothecia reddening. Paraphyses with refractive guttules 2

2 Apothecia turbinate with undulating margin, up to 20 mm diameter, ivory to pale greyish yellow and becoming reddish-brown when old, with very stout short stalk. Asci 90-110x8 µm, arising from croziers. Spores ciboroid, 0(1)-septate, 10-16x4,5-5 µm, OCI = 0-2. On woody debris and leaf-litter in wet places. Phen.: IV-VIII.

Cudoniella tenuispora (Cke. & Massee) Dennis

2 Apothecia not turbinate, with a long stalk 3

3 Apothecia scutellate with strongly convex disk, 2-6 mm diam., ochraceous ivory, becoming reddish-brown when touched, with an up to 10 mm long stalk. Asci 80-110x8-10 µm, porus IKI-, arising from croziers. Spores ciboroid to clavate, 0(1)septate, 8-14(16)x4-5 µm, eguttulate, OCI=0. On watersoaked stems of Juncus effusus. Phen.: V-VII.

Cudoniella junciseda (Velen.) Dennis

3’ Apothecia strongly convex, up to 5 mm diameter, ivory, blackening when hurted, with long stalk. Asci 110-125x12-13 µm, arising from croziers. Spores fusiform, 0(1,3)septate, 15-26x5-6 µm, eguttulate, OCI = 0. On trunks of Quercus. Phen.: (V)VIII-XII.

Typus : Phaeohelotium monticola (Berk.) Dennis = P. flavum Kanouse

Apothecia reddening when damaged. Paraphyses with strongly refractive guttules. Spores ciboroid, cylindrical to fusiform.

1’ Asci arising form croziers (H. conocephali and H. ravus to be checked) 5

2’ Spores longer 4

3. 
   Apothecia scutellate, up to 2 mm diameter, whitish to pale ochraceous yellow, subsessile. Asci 45-90x7,5-8,5 µm, ascus length varying with the ascocarp size, arising from simple septa. Spores ciboroid to ovoid, asept., 7-10x3-4,5 µm, with one or a few polar guttules per side, OCI = 1-2. Ectal excipulum of hyaline textura angularis up to the margin.On old water-soaked cones and wood of Picea abies, on water-soaked deciduous wood. Phen.: IV-V.
   

Basionym: Pezizella rufescens Velen., Mon. Discom. Bohemiae: 164 (1934)

3’ Apothecia scutellate, whitish, up to 6(11) mm diameter, short to long stalk, base rugulose and sometimes blackish. Asci 75-90x7-8 µm, arising from simple septa. Spores cylindrical-suballantoid to subfusiform, 0(1)-sept., 8-13(15)x(2,5)3-3,5(4) µm, with 5-10 small guttules per side, OCI = 1-2. Lateral ectal excipulum of textura prismatica. On twigs and branches of Alnus and Salix in wet to wet places. Phen.: (II)IV-VI(XI).

Phaeohelotium vernum (Boud.) Declercq comb. nov. ined.

Basionym: Ombrophila verna Boud., Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. IV: 77 (1889)

3. 
   Exemplaires nombreux récoltés le 14-09-2003 essentiellement (mais pas exclusivement) sur cônes d'épicea très humides à semi-immergés dans l'eau en bordure de saulaie fangueuse. Excipulum constitué d'une textura angularis-globulosa et medulla constituée de textura intricata gélifiée. Paraphyses à guttules réfringeantes. Asques cylindriques octospores, 140-150 x 10 µm, aporhynches, IKI bleu. Spores ciborioides, hyalines, contenant de nombreuses petites guttules à chaque extrémité, 1 cloison centrale, 13-15 x 4-5 µm (G.S. Garcia, email 19/03/2004 – photo)
   

Identical with “Hymenoscyphys” sazavae ss. Baral in Weber in table 7?

4’ Apothecia turbinate, 0,5-5 mm diameter, ochraceous to brown, reddening when damaged, stalk basally dark brown. Asci 110-160x10-12 µm, arising from simple septa. Spores fusiform, 17-25x4,5-5,5 µm, with several medium and small guttules, OCI = 4-5. On moist plant debris such as twigs of Carpinus, Fagus and Quercus, cupules and leaves of Fagus, cones of Picea. Phen.: VIII-X.

Phaeohelotium fulvidulum (Boudier) Declercq comb. nov. ined.

Basionym: Pachydisca fulvidula Boudier, Hist. et Class. Discom. D’Europe: 94.

5' Spores longer 7

[Hymenoscyphus ravus Svrcek]

6' Apothecia turbinate, disk plano-convex, whitish, up to 1 mm diameter, subsessile. Asci 60-75x8-9 µm, arising from croziers. Spores ovoid to inequilateral, 8-10x3,5 µm, with a 1,5 µm diameter guttule and a few minute ones per side, OCI = 2. Ectal excipulum of textura angularis, marginal zone of textura prismatica-porrecta. On cupules of Quercus robur, in dry habitat. Phen.: VIII.

Phaeohelotium biguttatum Declercq sp. nov. ined.
7 Spores up to 15 µm long 8

7’ Spores average longer than 15 µm 10

 Hymenoscyphus imberbis (Bull.: Fr.) Dennis

8' Asci average longer than 90 µm ………………………………………….………………………………………. 9
9 Apothecia turbinate, margin tending to become lobbed, sometimes fasciculate, whitish to pale ochraceous yellow. Asci 85-110x8-10 µm, arising from croziers. Spores ciboroid, with thin gelatinous coating, 0(1)-septate, 8-15x3-5,5 µm, with several up to 2 µm diameter guttules per side, OCI = 3-4. Paraphyses with minute refractive guttules. On fallen dead twigs and branches in wet places. Phen.: (IV)V-XI.

Phaeohelotium subimberbe (Baral) Declercq comb. nov. ined.

Basionym: Hymenoscyphus subimberbis Baral sp. prov.

9’ Apothecia 1-2(3) mm diameter, pale ochraceous yellow to yellow disk, short paler stalk. Asci 80-130x9-10(11) µm, porus faintly blued in IKI. Spores (11)12-13(15)x4-4,5 µm, with thin hyaline covering sheath, mostly with one medium size polar guttule and several small ones per side, OCI=2-3, sometimes forming sphaerical ascoconidia at one end. On the ground between mosses. Phen.: (III)IX-X.

Phaeohelotium epigeum (P. Karst.) Declercq comb. nov.

Basionym: Helotium epigeum P. Karst., Notiser ur Sällskapets pro Fauna et Flora Fennica Förhandlingar, 13 (n.s. 10) : 449, 1874

 Hymenoscyphus epigaeus (P. Karst.) O. Kuntze
10 Ascoporus IKI- ………………………………………………………………………………………………….…. 11

10' Ascoporus IKI+ ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12

[Phaeohelotium sabranskyana (Bäumler) Declercq comb.nov.

Basionym: Humaria sabraskyana Bäumler, Beitr. z. Crypt. Fl. d. Presb. Com., Heft III: 162 (1897)

=Helotium sabranskyana (Bäumler) Bánh.

= Calycella citrina var. terrestris Boud.

= Calycella terrestris (Boud.) Le Gal

= Phaeohelotium terrestris (Vel.) Svrcek
11’ Apothecia turbinate, up to 7 mm diam., bright yellow, reddening. Asci 110-150x10-12 µm, porus IKI-, arising from ?croziers. Spores shoe-shaped, 0(1)-septate, 12-21x3,5-5,5 µm, with 1(2) medium and several small guttules per side, OCI = 4. On twig of ?Populus. Phen.: X.

Hymenoscyphus "Paul" Baral spec. prov.

Different from P. terrestris?

Has the coll. H. “Paul” a textura angularis????
12 Apothecia cyathiform, densely crowded, disk concave to plane, 1-2 mm diameter, pale ochraceous yellow, outer surface whitish pruinose (crystals), shortly stalked. Asci 100-110x9 µm arising from croziers. Spores fusiform, inequilateral, (0)1(2)sept., 12-19x3,7-4,5 µm, with many small refractive guttules, OCI = 4 (guttulation disappearing when becoming septate). Erumpent from bark of Salix caprea branches still attached to the tree. Phen.: V. Phaeohelotium crystalliferum Baral nom. prov.

In table 7?

12’ Apothecia without crystals …………………………………………………………………………................... 13
13 Apothecia scutellate, disk yellow, reddening, shortly stalked. Asci (dead) 85-90x7-7,5 µm. Spores slightly shoe-shaped, (dead) 12-15x3,5-4 µm, OCI=3-4. On cones of Pinus sylvestris. Phen.: VII-IX.

[Phaeohelotium lutescens (Hedw.: Fr.) Declercq comb. nov. ined.]

 Hymenoscyphus lutescens (Hedw.: Fr.) Phill.

= Hymenoscyphus sazavae (Vel.) Svr.

Basionym: Octospora lutecens Hedw., …….

13’ Apothecia turbinate with concave to plano-convex disk, fleshy, 0,5-3(7) mm diameter, pale yellowish to yellow, reddening when damaged, subsessile to shortly stipitate. Asci 90-135x9-11 µm. Spores assymetrical fusiform, inequilateral, 0(1)-septate, (9)11-20(24)x(3)4-5,5 µm, with 1(2) up to 3 µm diameter guttules and many small ones at each side, OCI = 4-4,5, becoming 2(?3)-septate and pale greyish brown when overmature. Paraphyses, subhymenium and excipulum with strongly refractive guttules. On plant debris, such as cones and needles of Pinus, catkins of Betula, cupules of Quercus and Fagus, but mainly on leaf litter of Quercus. Phen.: (VIII)IX-XI.

Phaeohelotium epiphyllum (Pers.) Declercq comb. nov. ined.

 Hymenoscyphus epiphyllus (Pers.) Rehm ex Kauffman

Basionym: Peziza epiphylla Pers. ex Fr., Syst. Mycol. II (1): 137 (1822)
TABLE 7.

Apothecia not reddening when damaged. Paraphyses with low refractive guttules or eguttulate. Spores ciboroid, cylindrical to fusiform.

1' Asci arising from croziers 5

2' Spores shorter 3

[Phaeohelotium pilatii (Svrcek) Declercq comb. nov.]

?= Helotium eichleri Bres., see type species revision by Dennis (1964: 43)

Basionym: Pachydisca pilatii Svrcek, ……………………..

3' Apothecia scutellate, 1-2,5 mm diameter, ivory to pale yellowish, shortly stalked. Asci 110-160x9-10(11) µm. Spores 0(1)-septate, 12-17x4-5 µm, with a large cluster of minute guttules at both sides, OCI = 3-4. Paraphyses eguttulate. Excipulum marginal of textura prismatica, lateral with more isodiametrical cells and a few covering hyphae, stalk of textura prismatica. On leaf litter and other debris of Picea abies. Phen.: IX-X.

“Hymenoscyphus” sazavae (Velen.) Svrcek ss. ?Baral in Weber(1992: 120)

5' Spores not binucleate 6

6’ Spores longer ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10

 Hymenoscyphus fagineus (Pers.) Dennis

Basionym: Peziza faginea Pers. ex Fr., Syst. Mycol. II (1): 136 (1822)

7' Apothecia turbinate to scutellate, up to 2(3) mm diameter, whitish to pale yellow, shortly stipitate. Asci 80-130x9-10 µm. Spores ciboroid, 10-14(16)x4-5 µm, with weakly distinct small guttules, OCI = 1-2. On leaves of Fagus, Platanus, Populus, Quercus, Salix and petioles of Aesculus. Phen.: (VI) IX-XI.

 Hymenoscyphus immutabilis (Fuckel) Dennis

Basionym: Helotium immutabile Fuckel, Symb. Mycol., Nachtr. 1: 50 (1871)
10 Ascoporus not blued in IKI ………………………………………………………………………………….…… 11

10’ Ascoporus blued in IKI …………………………………………………………………………………………… 12

12' Apothecia turbinate, 1-3 mm diameter, bright yellow, subsessile to shortly stalked, fleshy. Asci 95-140x9-11 µm, porus IKI+, arising from croziers. Spores fusiform, inequilateral, symmetrical, with rounded ends at both sides, 0(1)-septate, 12-19x(3)4-5 µm, with 1(2) medium guttules and several smaller ones per side, OCI = 4,5, pale brown when overmature. Paraphyses and excipulum with low refractive guttules. On wet rotten wood, cupules of Quercus. Phen.: VII-X……………. Phaeohelotium monticola (Berk.) Dennis

Typus : Bryoscyphus conocephali (Boyd) Spooner

1’ Asci arising form croziers (B. conocephali to be checked) 3

2. 
   Apothecia 0,8-1 mm diameter, stalked, white. Asci 95-110x7,5 µm, porus IKI+, arising form simple septa. Spores broadly fusiform, 9-15x4,5-5 µm, OCI = 3. On Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus. Phen.: XI-V.
   

Basionym: Peziza phascoides Fr., Syst. Mycol., II, 1 : 138 (1822)

3 Apothecia scutellate, 1-1,5 mm diameter, shortly stalked. Asci 160-180x11,5-13 µm, porus IKI-, arising from croziers. Spores broadly fusiform, 14-22x5-8 µm, OCI = 3-3,5. On Ceratodon purpureus, Paraleucobryum longifolium, Barbula fallax and Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus. Phen.: X-II

Bryoscyphus dicrani (Ade & Höhnel) Spooner

3’ Ascoporus IKI+ 4

4 Apothecia scutellate, 0,5-1,5 mm diameter, ochraceous to brown, reddening when damaged, subsessile to shortly stalked. Asci 110-130x9-11 µm, arising from ?croziers. Spores shoe-shaped, 0(1)-sept., 21-24x4,5-6 µm, eguttulate, OCI = 0. On Conocephalum conicum. Phen.: X-IV.

Bryoscyphus conocephali (Boyd) Spooner

4’ Apothecia scutellate, 1-5 mm diameter, ochraceous to brown, shortly stalked. Asci 140-160x6-10 µm, arising from croziers. Sp. shoe-shaped, 0(1)-septate, 9-16x3,5-5 µm, OCI = 2. On Marchantia polymorpha and Conocephalum conicum. Phen.: V-VII.

[Bryoscyphus marchantiae (Berk.) Declercq comb. nov. ined.]

Basionym: Peziza marchantiae Berk. In Smith, Engl. Fl. 5(2): 204 (1836)

REJECTED SPECIES.
Hymenoscyphus phiala (Vahl) Arnolds

Apothecia turbinate, yellow. Asci arising from croziers. Spores naviculate.

This is a Bisporella fide Baral & Weber (?) and has a Taeniolella anamorph state.
Phaeohelotium extumescens (P. Karst.) Dennis

H. O. Baral (in litt.) examined the type collection and observed typical Hyaloscypha hairs, probably Hyaloscypha albohyalina var. albohyalina.

LITERATURE
Böhler, H.C. (1974) - Taxonomical studies on some Norwegian Helotiales (Ascomycetes) on fern remains. Norw. J. Bot. 21: 79-100.

Dennis, R.W.G. (1956) - A revision of the British Helotiaceae in the herbarium of the royal botanical gardens, Kew, with notes on related European species. CMI Kew, Surrey.

Dumont, K.P. (1981a) - Leoticeae II. A preliminary survey of the neotropical species referred to Helotium and Hymenoscyphus. Mycotaxon 12: 313-371.

Dumont, K.P. & Carpenter, S.E. (1982) - Los hongos de Colombia - VII: Leotiaceae - IV: Hymenoscyphus caudatus and related species from Colombia and adjacent regions. Caldasia 8: 567-602.

Lizon, P. (1992) - The genus Hymenoscyphus (Helotiales) in Slovakia, Czechoslovakia. Mycotaxon 45: 1-59.

White, W.L. (1941) - Studies in the genus Helotium. I. A review of the species described by Peck. Mycologia 34: 154-179.

White, W.L. (1943) - Studies in the genus Helotium, III. History and diagnosis of certain European and North American foliicolous species. Farlowia 1: 135-170.

White, W.L. (1944) - Studies in the genus Helotium, IV. Some miscellaneous species. Farlowia 1: 599-617.

KEY DISTRIBUTED TO:

Baral Hanz Otto

Bormans Piet

Collot Robert

Kasparek Fredi – 07.2004

Siepe Klaus – 07.2004

Vermeulen Freddy

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