Paál, László
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Pataki Anonymous (16th century) – Writer of verses. Unknown author of the Hungarian romance entitled The Nice Story of Euryalus and Lucrecia (Euryalusnak és Lucretiának szép históriája). The story is a complicated love-story in the time of King Zsigmond (Sigismund of Luxembourg, 1387-1437). In the opinion of some, he was none other than Bálint Balassi. The content of the Hungarian romance, which is about the tragic fidelity of two lovers, faithfully follows the work of Aeneas Sylvius, the 15th century Italian humanist, who later became pope. The poem is the first significant attempt in Hungarian literature to portray sensual love. The unknown author’s romance was written in 1577 “by the waters of Bodrog, in the township of Patak, in the leafy garden of the Lord”, but its printed version is only known from 1592. – B: 1150, 1031, T: 7659.→Zsigmond, King; Balassi, Bálint. Pataki, Dániel (Sárospataki) (Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 10 March 1804 - Kolozsvár, 11 January 1871) – Physician. At first he studied Law at the Reformed College of Kolozsvár; then worked as a provincial official. He started studying Medicine in Vienna in 1825, and obtained his Medical Degree in 1830. From 1831 he worked as an epidemiologist in Transylvania; from 1832, as a municipal physician in Kolozsvár. In 1861 he became Chief Physician of Transylvania, the Provincial Medical Councilor. He established a foundation for the medical treatment of the sick poor, and for their provision with medicines. His works include Cholera in Kolozsvár (A cholera Kolozsvárt) (1831), and Hospitals of Transylvania in the year 1867 (Erdélyország kórházai az 1867. évben) (1868). – B: 1730, 0907, T: 7456. Pataki, Ferenc (Francis) (Budapest, 18 September 1917 - Budapest, 25 April 1988) – Gymnast. He worked as a gymnast at the Budapest VII. District Levente Club until 1944; at the Workers’ Sports Club (MTE) from 1950 to 1956; in 1948 he was Olympic Champion at the London Summer Olympic Games, where his team received 3rd place, and he also finished in 3rd place in horse jumping. At the 1952 Helsinki Summer Olympic Games, he was a member of the Hungarian team, which received 6th place. In 1954 he was a member of the Hungarian Team that took 7th place in the World Championship. From 1938 to 1956 he was 36-times Hungarian Champion. From 1943 to 1951 he was team champion 5-times. From 1937 to 1955 he was 35-times in the Hungarian National Team. Pataki worked as a teacher of the State Gymnast Training Institute. – B: 0883, T: 7456. Pataki, Gáspár (Gasper) (ca 1530) – Goldsmith. He originated presumably from Patak (now Sárospatak), County Zemplén. In 1569, Ferenc Homonnai Drugeth invited him to his castle at Terebes and, after that, Pataki worked for him. The Ciborium of Ungvár (now Uzhhorod, Ukraine) is considered his artwork. – B: 0942, T: 7664. P  ataki, George E. (György) (Peekskill, NY, USA, 24 June 1945 - ) – Lawyer, politician. Former Governor of the State of New York. His grandfather, János (John) Pataki, from County Szabolcs, emigrated to America in 1902; later, his grandmother also arrived and they were farmers. Although George Pataki is a third generation descendant; he spoke Hungarian in his childhood. He grew up on the still existing family farm and attended High School in Peekskill; he obtained his university education at Yale University and earned a Law Degree at Columbia University. First he worked at Dewey Ballantine Co., New York, then at the Plunkett and Jaffe Law Office on Wall Street. Besides this, he managed his family farm as well. Soon he became the co-owner of the Law Firm, until 1989. He also managed the office of politician Hamilton Fish. In the 1982 election he became the youngest mayor in the history of Peekskill. He was mayor for six years and, in the meantime, he was elected to the Legislature of New York State, where he introduced several laws to protect the environment and nature. In 1992 he was elected to the Senate of the State of New York State, and became Head of the Ethical Committee of the Senate. On 8 November 1994, he was elected Governor of New York State, and was authorized to make basic changes in the life of the State, which suffered from the consequences of incorrect political activities of previous governors. To reduce the crime rate, he re-introduced the death penalty, which was eliminated 18 years earlier by his predecessors. He introduced stricter sentences and, in cases of serious crimes, eliminated the pre-trial release of charged individuals. In his first budget, he reduced the State’s expenditures, the first time since 1943, and also reduced taxes by 25%. For the first time in the State’s history, people receiving unemployment benefits would lose their benefits if they refused an employment opportunity. In cooperation with large corporations he created employment opportunities. He was re-elected three consecutive times and was Governor till the end of 2006. Many wanted him to be Republican Presidential Candidate in the 2000, and the 2008 election as well. After his governorship, he joined the Chadbourne & Parke Law Firm. Since 2007, he has been a member of the United Nations Organization. Even though Governor Pataki no longer speaks Hungarian, he is proud of his Hungarian descent and speaks up for Hungarian minority rights in the successor states. He was awarded the Middle Cross of Merit with Stars of the Republic of Hungary (2008). – B: 1037, T: 7644.
Pataky, Kálmán (Coloman) (Alsólendva, now Lendava, Slovenia, 14 November 1896 - Los Angeles, 3 March 1964) – Singer (tenor). He was a student at the Military Academy, and later studied singing. He first appeared on stage of the Opera House of Budapest in 1922, in the role of the Duke of Mantua in Verdi’s Rigoletto. From 1922 to 1926 he was soloist of the Opera House, Budapest; from 1926, a member of the Staatsoper of Vienna with annual appearances in Budapest. From 1933 he was an honorary member of the Opera House; from 1938 to 1946 again its soloist. He appeared as a guest artist on numerous opera stages in Europe, including Paris, Milan, London and Stockholm. On several occasions, he sang at the Glyndebourne Festival in England under Fritz Busch as conductor. In 1936, at the Salzburg Festival he sang the role of Florestan in Beethoven’s Fidelio, under the baton of Toscanini, and achieved notable success. Due to the establishment of the Communist regime in Hungary after World War II, Pataky moved to South America in 1946 and became a member of the Teatro Colon of Buenos Aires. Later, he lived in Santiago (Chile) and finally in California (USA). With his thorough familiarity of style, musicality and culture, he was predestined to play Mozart’s heroes. He was also an ideal Puccini hero, and he was in the forefront in Oratorio and Lieder singing as well. Richard Strauss dedicated several of his songs to him. His roles included Don Ottavio in Mozart’s Don Giovanni; Belmonte in Mozart’s Il Seraglio (Szöktetés a szerájból); Gérald in L. Delibes’ Lakmé; Rodolphe in Puccini’s La Bohème (Bohémélet); Cavaradossi in Puccini’s Tosca; Alvaro in Verdi’s La Forza del Destino (A végzet hatalma); Turiddu in Mascagni’s Cavalleria Rusticana; (Parasztbecsület), and Radames in Verdi’s Aïda. He was a renowned singer, on the same level of the best Italian tenors. He was one of the greatest Mozart tenors of the 20th century. – B: 1445, 0883, T: 7456. Pataky (Sárospatak) Gradual – A Protestant liturgical songbook, the work of many hands, prepared around the turn of the 17th century. The original work was lost in 1945, but its word-perfect copy, prepared earlier, is in the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. – B: 1197, T: 7659. Patens of February (Patent Letter of February) – Name of the declaration of 26 February 1861, by Austrian Emperor Ferenc József I (Franz Joseph) 1830-1916), transforming the Council of the Austrian Empire into a bicameral legislative body with a limited sphere of authority. In essence it was a revised version of the October Diploma of 20 October 1860, in better detail, in the form of an Imperial Order. It was intended to be the Charter of the Constitution of the All-Austrian Empire. Its creators were Prince Rainer, and state-minister Schmerling. Their sole purpose was to solidify the German element in the Monarchy and to guarantee the majority of the conservative factor. According to the Patent Letter, the members of the Council were to be elected by the provinces; out of the 343 members, Hungary (reduced to a province) would elect 85; Erdély (separate Transylvania) 26; Croatia 9 members. The Patent Letter also maintained that the Government was responsible only to the Emperor. Enforcement of this dictum was vehemently opposed in Hungary, Transylvania and in Croatia as well. The strongest protests came from Hungarians, whose independence was not recognized. In protest, the Hungarians would not elect any representative to the Council, bringing about the failure of the Patent Letter. – B: 1078, 1153, T: 7103.→Ferenc József; October Diploma. Paternal Lineage – Paternal lineage means a social order, where the family name, social status and fortune are inherited along the father’s line. The paternal society is a result of the sun-worship cult, which became the foundation of fire-worship, accepted by many modern religions. Paternal lineage was also the accepted custom in Hungary. Centuries ago, the custom was that the offspring of a noble father, but not of a noble mother, became automatically member of the nobility. The offspring of a not noble father, even if the mother was member of the nobility, was not recognized as such. Among the common people, relatives on the father’s side were more important than relatives on the mother’s side. Up to the middle of the 19th century, the Landed (real) Estate was inherited only by the male offspring. – B: 1134, T: 3233. Path of the Armies (Hadak Útja) – Name of the Milky Way among the Szeklers of Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania), a name tied to the “Prince Csaba Legend”. According to folklore, the “Path of the Armies” was created in the sky when neighboring peoples, bent on their destruction, attacked the Szeklers. Then suddenly the spirits of their brave Hun ancestors came to their aid from the sky and fought alongside them. The many little stars that form the stretch of white band in the sky are the hoof prints left by the horses of the heavenly spirits. In Hungary, however, it is called the Milky Way. Today, quite a few patriotic groups took up this name. – B: 0942, T: 7617.→Csaba, Legend of Prince; Szeklers. Páthy, László (Ladislas, née Polnauer) (Budapest, 3 May 1897 - USA, 21 July 1984) –Politician. He completed his secondary education in Alexandria, Egypt, in 1915. During World War I, he spent several years with his family in a British internment camp in the desert. In 1920, he began business ventures in Egypt and carried out pioneering work in sea, river and land transportation. He founded new companies and expanded insurance companies. The Hungarian Government appointed him Honorary Consul, later, Consul, then Chargé d’Affaires in Egypt, which post he held until World War II. In the Egyptian commercial navigation industry, he established the Alexandria Nav. Co. Ltd. and the MISR Nav. Co. Ltd.; later, he established the Alexandria Insurance Co. In 1932, he established the Hungarian Egyptian Trade Institute Co. under the Directorship of Miklós Horthy Jr. This company was active in the commercial exchange of Hungarian and Egyptian products. He was an initiator and a founding member of the Danube to Sea Shipping Industry. In connection with the Nuremberg trials, he worked in London in 1945-1946, then at the Nuremberg Trials as International Legal Assistant to Judge Jackson and General Donovan. He participated in the establishment of the judicial procedures of the War Crimes Tribunal. He had a role in the interrogation of Regent Miklós Horthy. In 1951 he moved to Greenwich, England; later he settled in Connecticut State in the USA. He took part in the establishment of the Hungarian House in New York. In the USA he founded the Federal Bulk Carriers Inc.; later, he took an active part in the development of the Federal Commerce and Navigation, which is still active today under the name of FEDNAV. He was Director-General of this company between 1966 and 1970. In 1970 he established the Equal Justice Institute to systematically develop justice administration. Together with his wife, he established The Suzanne Pathy Charitable Organization. – B: 1020, T: 7644. Pátkai, Ervin (Erwin) (Békéscsaba, 11 April 1936 - Paris, 18 June 1985) – Sculptor, town-planner. As a first-year tertiary student he settled in Paris after the 1956 Hungarian Revolution and Freedom Fight against Soviet rule. He studied at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts. In 1961 he received the Grand Prix at the Parisian Biennial, while in 1966 he was awarded the Grand Prix of modern sculpture. For his work in fine arts, he received a great French distinction in 1973. Some of the statues he created may be found in numerous French towns. From 1974 until his death, he was Counselor on Urban Studies and Art for Marne la Vallée near Paris. He participated in founding the journal, Hungarian Workshop (Magyar Műhely), becoming also its Fine Arts Editor. For a while, he was a member of the Presidium of the European Protestant Hungarian Free University. He took part in the preparation of the album, Man and Town (Ember és város), dealing with the present problems of urbanization. Ervin Pátkai died in an accident in Paris. – B: 1672, T: 7456. Patkós, Irma (Cegléd, 8 March 1900 - Cegléd, 24 October 1996) – Actress. She completed her studies at the School of the Actors’ Association in 1920. First she acted in Nyíregyháza, then in Békéscsaba and Szeged, Makó and Szentes, and again in Békéscsaba, Nyíregyháza, Pécs, Szeged and Debrecen. In 1931 she made her debut in the Comedy Theatre (Vígszínház), Budapest, where she remained till 1941. In 1942 and 1943 she was a member of Géza Földessy’s Company. After 1945 she played minor roles in the Operetta Theater (Operett Színház,) and the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház), Budapest. Finally, she worked at the Theater of the People’s Army (Néphadsereg Színháza,) and the Madách Theater (Madách Színház), Budapest. She performed almost all of the lead roles of the great operettas of her time; she sang grand opera roles as well. Her more famous interpretations were: the French Princess in P. Kacsóh’s John the Brave (János vitéz); Médi in Schubert-Berte’s Das Dreimäderlhaus (Három a kislány), adapted into English language versions as Blossom Time and Lilac Time; Fedora in Kálmán’s The Circus Princess (Cirkuszhercegnő); Szuzuki in Puccini’s Madama Butterfly (Pillangó kisasszony); Solvejg in Ibsen’s Peer Gynt; Örzse in Kodály’s Háry János, and Student Gábor in J. Huszka’s Baba Gül (Gül Baba). Later on, she also acted in character roles and in films. There are more than 35 feature and TV films to her credit, including Miska the Grandee (Mágnás Miska) (1948); Outbreak (Kitörés) (1971); Spider Web (Pókháló) (1974); Walking Time (Ballagó idő) (1976), and Deliver Us from Evil (Szabadíts meg a gonosztól) (1979). Amongst her TV films are The Prima Donna (A Primadonna) (1972); My Friend Bonca (Barátom Bonca) (1975); Strange Matrimony (Különös házasság) (1-4, 1984); Gods and Heroes (Istenek és hősök) (1988), and Devictus Vincit (1994). She was recipien of a number of distinctions including the Merited Artist title (1984), an Honorary Citizensip of Cegléd (1989), the Star of the Order of Merit Decorated with Golden Wreath of the Republic of Hungary (1990), and the Middle Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (1995). An Art School bears her name in Cegléd. – B: 0871, 1445, 1031, T: 7103. Patriotic People’s Front (Hazafias Népfront – HNF) – Social organization during the Communist regime of Hungary between 1954 and 1990, bringing together and “uniting” all the mass organizations, social and cultural. Its aim was to unite all the classes of the society to support the Communist political aspirations. Its task was to prepare and organize parliamentary elections, to compile lists, and also to take part in the legislation process, preparing Bills and other legal provisions and organizing “social independent action”. It had its own independent daily paper, the Hungarian Nation (Magyar Nemzet) between 1954 and 1989. Prime Minister Imre (Emeric) Nagy, at one stage, played a substantial role in the formation of this social organization. He wanted to enable all the citizens to have access to political roles, even those, who were not Communist Party members; however, they did not receive actual roles until after the defeat of the 1956 Revolution and Freedom Fight. In the Kádár restoration times, the Patriotic People’s Front was “the expression of the socialist national unity”. It was during that period that it received a major role in the preparations for parliamentary and council elections. Until 1985, only those citizens, who accepted the program of the Patriotic People’s Front were able to stand for election. Its importance grew during the late 1980s, during the time of Secretary General Imre (Emeric) Pozsgay. Its exclusive tasks ceased to exist with the change of the political system, though, during the first free elections in October 1989, there was an attempt by the Front to launch itself independently from the political parties; on 15 October, in the congress of the Front, the Minister of Justice, Kálmán (Coloman) Kulcsár, was elected its president and nominee for the presidency of the Republic. Under the title of Patriotic Election Coalition, it entered into co-operation with 12 other social organizations. In the 1990 parliamentary elections it succeeded in presenting a nation-wide list, but could not secure a mandate. In June 1990, it ceased to exist as a social organization. As its legal successor, the Democratic Coalition (Demokrata Koalició) was formed on 4 August 1990. – B: 1031; T: 7456.→Nagy, Imre; Kádár, János; Pozsgay, Imre; Kulcsár, Kálmán. Patriotic Songs – Songs born out of patriotic sentiment of individuals or of a nation. Hungarian patriotic songs reach back to the early centuries of Hungarian history. The songs of Sebestyén (Sebastian) Tinódi Lantos (1510-1556) were based mainly on patriotic sentiments. However, these sprang up most frequently during the Protestant polemics, and during the Rákóczi-led insurrection. The Kuruc (soldiers fighting on the side of Rákóczi) patriotic songs represent a collection that is unknown among other nations. These songs sprung up by the hundreds during and after the 1848-1849 War of Independence. The patriotic songs had a growing Renaissance during the time before and after the change of regime in 1990. Patriotic songs represent the most valuable collection of Hungarian vocal literature. Patriotic songs of other nations differ greatly from those of the Hungarians, except for the Marseillaise of the French. Among the great Oriental nations or the peoples of the Americas, patriotic songs are, for the most part, unknown. – B: 0942, T: 7617.→Tinódi Lantos, Sebestyén; Freedom Fight of 1848-1849. Patrona Hungariae – The Patroness of Hungary (Magyarok Nagyasszonya). King István I (St. Stephen, 997-1038) unexpectedly lost his only son, the heir to the throne, Crown Prince Imre (St. Emeric) in 1031. This created an uncertainty about the succession. According to a historical tradition: shortly before he died, King István, in his devout piety, praying in his royal chapel, turned to the Blessed Virgin Mary and offered his realm to her protection. The Mary (Maria) Cult, which evolved from this event, existed not only among members of the Hungarian royalty of the time, but also flourished for centuries afterward. The Virgin Mary became the embodiment of Patrona Hungariae, the patroness of Hungary. This veneration manifests itself on flags showing her picture, on coins and on stamps. In 1896, Pope Leo XIII decreed a separate holiday, to be held on 8th October, in honor of the Patroness of Hungary, on the occasion of commemorating the thousand-year anniversary of the establishment of the State and the Historic Kingdom of Hungary in the Carpathian Basin. – B: 1068, 7301, T: 7456.→István I, King (St. Stephen); Imre, St. Prince; Madonna, the Great. Patrubány, Antal (Anthony) (Erzsébetváros, 1834 - Pest, 24 May 1871) – Physician, journalist. In 1859 he obtained his Medical Degree from the University of Pest. After working as a practicing doctor, he became the Chief Physician of the Dermatology Section in the St. Rókus Hospital, Budapest. He was mainly concerned with skin and sexual diseases. Apart from his medical publications, he was also engaged in journalism. His works include Of the Ancient History of Syphilis (A Syphilis őstörténetéből) (1860), and The White-Man Trade 100 Years Ago (A fehér embervásár 100 év előtt) (1862). – B: 1730, 0907, T: 7456. Patrubány, Miklós István Ádám (Michael Stephen) (Medgyes, now Mediaş, Transylvania, Romania, 23 December 1952 - ) – Electric engineer, entrepreneur and politician. His higher studies were at the Technical University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) (1972-1976). In 1973 he founded the Echo (Visszhang) University Radio Station, and was its Editor till 1976. From 1976 to 1978, he worked as an engineer at a semi-conductor producing firm in Bucharest. From 1978 to 1992 he was first class Scientific Chief-Researcher at the Communication Engineering Research Institute in Kolozsvár. Between 1979 and 1984, he was a guest professor at the Technical University of Kolozsvár. In 1983, he participated in the creation of the first Romanian personal computer named PRAE. Since 1992, he has been owner and manager of the Praemium Firm in Kolzsvár. Between 1990 and 1992, he was a Presidium Member of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR) (Romániai Magyarok Demokratikus Szövetsége – RMDSZ). In 1992 he was elected to the Presidium of the Hungarian World Federation – HWF (Magyarok Világszövetsége – MVSZ), and in 1996 became its Deputy President and concurrently was the President of the Transylvanian Society (Erdélyi Társaság) of the World Federation of Hungarians. In 1989 he wrote a book on the technology of microprocessors and, from 1996, he edited a national-political review, the Hungarian Minority (Magyar Kisebbség). Since 2005 he has been Editor-in-Chief for the pictorial monthly Home-Passport (Honlevél). In 1999 he launched the Extended Family Movement (Nagycsaládos Mozgalom). In 2000 he was elected President of the World Federation of Hungarians, defeating the Government’s favorite candidate of the Government; the Parliament’s financial support for World Federation immediately ceased and has never been restored. He was the initiator for the plebiscite on dual Hungarian citizenship in 2004, which intended to give Hungarian citizenship to the 2.5 million ethnic Hungarians in the neighboring countries; for this, he was named “Man of the Year” by the Toronto-based weekly Hungarians of Canada/America (Kanadai/Amerikai Magyarság). In 2004, 2008 and 2012 he was re-elected President of the World Federation of Hungarians. – B: 0875, 1826, T: 7103. |