Name paleontology lecture final
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| NAME _________________________________________________ PALEONTOLOGY LECTURE FINAL
___ 1. Gymnosperms are probably a ? group. A.monophyletic B.polyphyletic ___ 2. The most important group of modern birds are the A.passerines B.ratites C.strigiforms D.anseriforms E.falconiforms ___ 3. Reptiles A.reduce the size of the bones in the rear of the skull including the supratemporal, tabular and postparietal B.have palatal fangs and labyrinthine infolding of the tooth enamel C.have an otic notch D.all of the above are true concerning reptiles E.none of the above is true concerning reptiles ___ 4. ? have a double "pulley" astragalus. A.artiodactyls B.creodonts C.perissodactyls D.primates E.rodents ___ 5. The morphology of the auditory bulla is often used in classification of A.reptiles B.mammals C.birds D.sharks E.bony fish ___ 6. The amniote egg was first developed within A.bony fish B.amphibians C.reptiles D.birds E.mammals ___ 7. ? are ray-finned fishes. A.placoderms B.acanthodians C.sarcopterygians D.actinopterygians E.chondrichthyans ___ 8. ? have a carapace and plastron; they are anapsid and the teeth are rudimentary or absent. A.Testudines B.Lepidosauromorphs C.Archosauromorphs D.Captorhinomorphs E.Procolophonians ___ 9. Tetrapods may have first invaded terrestrial environments due to A.ponds drying out B.low oxygen content in water C.population pressures D.escape from predators E.all of the above are theories concerning the origin of terrestrial vertebrates ___ 10. The Great Faunal Interchange between North and South America occurred during the A.Late Eocene B.Early Oligocene through Miocene C.Pliocene-Pleistocene D.the Great Faunal Interchange was actually between North America and Eurasia ___ 11. ? classification is based primarily on masseter muscle attachment patterns. A.carnivore B.primate C.lagomorph D.condylarth E.rodent ___ 12. Dinosaurs, pterosaurs, lizards, and crocodiles are A.anapsids B.synapsids C.diapsids D.euryapsids ___ 13. The Hesperornithiformes and Ichthyornithiformes were Cretaceous A.dinosaurs B.mammals C.birds D.sharks E.amphibians ___ 14. In anthracosaurs the ? becomes the dominant vertebral element. A.intercentrum B.pleurocentrum ___ 15. The fish hyomandibular became the ? of later vertebrates. A.stapes B.malleus C.incus D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 16. ? have a diapsid skull, an antorbital opening, and thecodont dentition. A.placodonts B.icthyosaurs C.plesiosaurs D.sphenodontids E.archosaurs ___ 17. The most successful extinct tylopod group, that included pig- or sheep-like Tertiary mammals, were the A.pecora B.chalicotheres C.oreodonts D.mesonychids E.equoids ___ 18. The primitive caudal fin type in actinopterygians is A.hypocercal B.heterocercal C.diphycercal D.homocercal ___ 19. The ? are flowering plants. A.Anthophyta B.Pteridospermophyta C.Cycadophyta D.Sphenophyta E.Lycophyta ___ 20. All of the bipedal carnivorous dinosaurs were A.sauropodomorphs B.ceratopsians C.ankylosaurs D.ornithopods E.theropods ___ 21. ? are paraxonic. A.litopterns B.artiodactyls C.notoungulates D.perissodactyls E.all of the above are paraxonic ___ 22. The Class Aves are A.reptiles B.birds C.mammals D.sharks E.bony fish ___ 23. Which of the following is not true concerning land plants? A.spores and pollen protected by coating B.presence of stomata C.often with waxy layers on leaves and branches D.parenchyma tissues present E.life cycle with gametophytes only ___ 24. ? are dolphin-, tuna- and shark-like Mesozoic reptiles. A.placodonts B.plesiosaurs C.nothosaurs D.ichthyosaurs E.testudines ___ 25. The rabbit-like Adianthids, horse-like Prototheriids, and the weird camel-like, trunk-bearing Macraucheniids were A.tillodonts B.pantodonts C.litopterns D.marsupials E.notoungulates ___ 26. ? were the largest known mammalian land carnivores or scavengers. A.taeniodonts B.tillodonts C.mesonychids D.litopterns E.notoungulates ___ 27. In the ?, the pubis points backward and a predentary was present. A.saurischians B.pelycosaurs C.therapsids D.ornithischians E.procolophonians ___ 28. ? have small leaves that are arranged in whorls and have jointed stems. A.bryophytes B.lycophytes C.sphenophytes D.cycads E.filicinophytes ___ 29. The ? have a marsupium. A.Prototheria B.Metatheria C.Eutheria D.all of the above have a marsupium E.none of the above has a marsupium ___ 30. Baleen whales are A.odontocetes B.mysticetes C.proboscideans D.perissodactyls E.archeocetes ___ 31. Which of the following is a tracheophyte? A.lycophyte B.sphenophyte C.angiosperm D.rhyniophyte E.all of the above are tracheophytes ___ 32. Within "edentates" A.teeth typically increase in number B.there are typically large claws C.teeth increase in size in order to crush social insects D.all of the above are true E.none of the above is true ___ 33. ? were advanced mammal-like reptiles that represent transitional stages in the development of mammalian characteristics. A.edaphosaurs B.dinocephalians C.anomodonts D.cynodonts E.caseids ___ 34. In dinosaurs A.the femur is inturned B.the acetabulum is perforate C.the posture is digitigrade D.all the above are true concerning dinosaurs E.none of the above is true concerning dinosaurs ___ 35. Land plants evolved from the A.Rhodophyta B.Phaeophyta C.Pyrrhophyta D.Cyanobacteria E.Chlorophyta ___ 36. A synsacrum, pygostyle, furcula and carina are characteristic of A.ichthyosaurs B.plesiosaurs C.therapsids D.birds E.mammals ___ 37. ? do not have deciduous precursors. A.incisors B.canines C.premolars D.molars E.all of the above have deciduous precursors ___ 38. Rhamphorynchoids were the earliest A.pelycosaurs B.pterosaurs C.placodonts D.ichthyosaurs E.plesiosaurs ___ 39. ? were large, fierce Middle and Upper Triassic thecodonts with dinosaur-like skulls that attained lengths of 6 meters or more. A.aetosaurs B.crocodilians C.rauisuchians D.phytosaurs E.pterosaurs ___ 40. In the ? the leaves are simple "microphylls", and the leaves are arranged on the trunk in pits termed leaf cushions or bolsters. A.cycads B.cycadeoids C.angiosperms D.filicinophytes E.lycophytes ___ 41. ? often had horns, large shields of bone on the skull, and a beak-like snout. A.ornithopods B.ceratopsians C.ankylosaurs D.stegosaurs E.sauropods ___ 42. ? have the angle of the jaw usually inflected medially, there is typically a broad stylar shelf on the upper molars, and the hypoconulid and entoconid are twinned. A.marsupials B.placentals C.all of the above D.none of the above ___ 43. In the ? condition, there is a single upper temporal opening with the postorbital and squamosal meeting below. A.diapsid B.anapsid C.synapsid D.euryapsid ___ 44. Cartilage is ? preserved in the fossil record. A.usually B.usually not ___ 45. ? are characterized by streptostyly and often have pleurodont dentition. A.placodonts B.pareiasaurs C.plesiosaurs D.lizards E.saurischians ___ 46. In ?, the scapulo-coracoid articulation has an obtuse angle and an ilioischiatic fenestra is typically present. A.falconiforms B.strigiforms C.passeriforms D.flightless birds E.anseriforms ___ 47. ? have sharp retractile claws and the carnassials are extremely well-developed. A.dogs B.bears C.cats D.skunks E.all of the above ___ 48. Approximately 40% of all known modern mammalian species are A.rodents B.primates C.artiodactyls D.perissodactyls E.bats ___ 49. ? gave birth to live young. A.placodonts B.plesiosaurs C.nothosaurs D.ichthyosaurs E.testudines ___ 50. Agnathans ? jaws. A.have B.do not have C.some agnathans have jaws, some do not ___ 51. A notochord is diagnostic of the A.tracheophytes B.bryozoa C.molluscs D.chordates E.bryophytes ___ 52. ? were the most diverse and numerous Mesozoic mammals; they were rodent-like and had many-cusped molariform teeth. A.docodonts B.eupantotheres C.symmetrodonts D.triconodonts E.multituberculates ___ 53. Haversian canal systems have been used to hypothesize that ? were endothermic. A.rhipidistians B.anthracosaurs C.pelycosaurs D.placodonts E.dinosaurs ___ 54. ? include the earliest undisputed vertebrates; these forms have long, narrow oral plates. A.cyclostomes B.anaspids C.osteostracans D.heterostracans E.thelodonts ___ 55. The ? were horse-sized clawed bipedal browsers. A.brontotheres B.dinoceratans C.chalicotheres D.oreodonts E.ruminants ___ 56. In ?, a secondary palate is formed by extension of the premaxillae, maxillae, palatines and pterygoids. A.aetosaurs B.crocodilians C.rauisuchians D.phytosaurs E.pterosaurs ___ 57. American marsupials are typically A.diprotodont B.syndactylous C.American marsupials are often both diprotodont and syndactylous D.American marsupials are polyprotodont and didactylous ___ 58. ? were small fish with an undivided bony shield which extended down the body; the head was dorsoventrally compressed and "sensory" fields were present. A.cyclostomes B.anaspids C.osteostracans D.heterostracans E.thelodonts ___ 59. Triconodonts and symmetrodonts were early A.amphibians B.reptiles C.mammals D.birds E.bony fish ___ 60. In the ?, the fourth finger is greatly elongate to support the wing membrane. A.bats B.birds C.pterosaurs D.all of the above E.none of the above ___ 61. Sphenacodonts, edaphosaurs and caseids were A.pelycosaurs B.therapsids C.Aves D.pterosaurs E.theropod dinosaurs ___ 62. The malleus, incus and stapes are ? ear bones. A.reptile B.bird C.amphibian D.mammal E.the malleus, incus and stapes are found in all of the above ___ 63. Archaeopterygids were the earliest A.amphibians B.reptiles C.bony fish D.sharks E.birds ___ 64. A ? tail is a symmetrical tail in which the vertebrae extend outward to the tip. A.diphycercal B.heterocercal C.homocercal D.hypocercal ___ 65. The first human to leave Africa was A.Australopithecus afarensis B.Paranthropus robustus C.Homo habilis D.Homo erectus E.Homo neanderthalensis ___ 66. ? were carnivorous mammals in which the carnassials usual involved M1+2/M2+3. A.Arctoids B.Musteloids C.Aeluroids D.Dinocerata E.Creodonts ___ 67. Vertebrates are probably derived from A.arthropods B.molluscs C.echinoderms D.bryozoans E.annelids ___ 68. ? have a dentary-squamosal articulation. A.reptiles B.birds C.amphibians D.sharks E.mammals ___ 69. The oldest known vascular plants are A.bryophytes B.rhyniophytes C.sphenophytes D.lycophytes E.cycadeoids ___ 70. Armadillos, ground sloths, and glyptodonts are A.sirenians B.cetaceans C.proboscideans D.artiodactyls E.xenarthrans ___ 71. Mammals ? determinate growth. A.have B.do not have ___ 72. The tusks of elephants are A.incisors B.canines C.premolars D.molars ___ 73. ? were dorsoventrally compressed fishes with head and trunk shields; advanced types often had shields connected by a ball-and-socket articulation. A.acanthodians B.osteichthyans C.placoderms D.chondrichthyans E.cephaspidomorphs ___ 74. ? were typically freshwater sharks that had two anal fins and a diphycercal tail; the teeth had two or three pointed cusps. A.euselachians B.placoderms C.symmoriids D.acanthodians E.xenacanths ___ 75. ? were aquatic reptiles of Permian age that have been used as evidence for plate tectonics. A.plesiosaurs B.mesosaurs C.ichthyosaurs D.procolophonids E.sphenodontids ___ 76. The "odd toed" ungulates are A.cetaceans B.litopterns C.perissodactyls D.notoungulates E.artiodactyls ___ 77. ? had paired nasal sacs and openings, typically had one pair of gill openings, and the skull did not form a complete head shield. A.chondrichthyans B.osteichthyans C.placoderms D.cephalaspidomorphs E.pteraspidomorphs ___ 78. There are barbs on ? fish scales. A.ctenoid B.cosmoid C.cycloid D.ganoid E.all of the above fish scales have barbs ___ 79. ? actinopterygian fish have an oblique suspensorium and have numerous branchiostegal rays. A.primitive B.derived ___ 80. Didelphids, borhyaenids, and thylacosmilids were A.birds B.amphibians C.placentals D.marsupials E.actinopterygians ___ 81. Procolophonids and pareiasaurs were primarily A.carnivores B.herbivores ___ 82. Bats belong to the A.Chiroptera B.Insectivora C.Creodonta D.Carnivora E.Litopterna ___ 83. Dogs, bear-dogs, bears, and raccoons are A.aeluroids B.musteloids C.mesonychids D.notoungulates E.arctoids ___ 84. The "modern shark" groups are A.euselachians B.placoderms C.symmoriids D.acanthodians E.xenacanths ___ 85. Lobe-finned fish are A.chondrichthyans B.placoderms C.acanthodians D.actinopterygians E.sarcopterygians ___ 86. Monkeys, apes and man are ? primates. A.haplorhinine B.strepsirhine C.plesiadapiform D.anthropoid E.chiropteran ___ 87. In ?, the first gill arch bears the main burden of jaw support. A.autostyly B.amphistyly C.holostyly D.hyostyly ___ 88. Paired fins may have originated from A.fin spines B.fin folds C.both fin spines and fin folds have been proposed as the precursors of paired fins ___ 89. ? gave rise to amphibians. A.rhipidistians B.teleosts C.coelacanths D.dipnoans E.xenacanths ___ 90. Nothosaurs, plesiosaurs, placodonts, and icthyosaurs have a ? temporal opening. A.euryapsid B.anapsid C.synapsid D.diapsid ___ 91. The oldest amphibians are of ? age. A.Cambrian B.Devonian C.Permian D.Triassic E.Cretaceous ___ 92. In ? vertebrae the centrum is formed from a single structure; the vertebrae are typically spool-shaped and have a hole for the notchord. A.rhachitomous B.stereospondylous C.anthracosaurian D.lepospondylous ___ 93. ? were primitive archosauromophs in which the upper jaw developed broad crushing toothplates and a parrot-like toothless beak. A.rhynchosaurs B.rauisuchians C.aetosaurs D.trilophosaurs E.pterosaurs ___ 94. Ichthyostegids, temnospondyls, "stereospondyls" and anthracosaurs were A.lissamphibians B.lepospondyls C.labyrinthodonts D.rhipidistians E.procolophonoids ___ 95. Primitive actinopterygian fish have ? scales. A.ctenoid B.cosmoid C.cycloid D.ganoid ___ 96. ? had infolding of the dentine, palatal fanged teeth, and the vertebrae were composed of several centra elements. A.acanthodians B.teleosts C.labyrinthodonts D.lissamphibians E.lepospondyls ___ 97. In the ? primates, the ectoympanic bone forms a tube leading outward from the auditory bulla. A.plesiadapiform B.strepsirhine C.haplorhinine D. an ectotympanic tube is found in all of the above E.an ectotympanic tube is found in none of the above ___ 98. Lungfish are A.coelacanths B.dipnoans C.rhipidistians D.icthyostegids E.teleosts ___ 99. Teleost fish are characterized by a ? jaw articulation. A.holostylic B.autostylic C.hyostylic D.amphistylic ___ 100. The oldest vascular plants are from the A.Cambrian B.Silurian C.Mississippian D.Pennsylvanian E.Permian |