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Model description, parameterization and evaluation of formind for tropical montane cloud forest in central Veracruz, Mexico


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Figure S1: Biomass (Mg dry mass) of single trees of PFTs 1, 4, 5, and 6 (see main text, Table 1) calculated with FORMIND2 and empirical biomass functions taken from Ter-Mikaelian and Korzukhin (1997) and Acosta-Mireles and others (2002). For PFTs 2 and 3 no field data were available.
Figure S2: Measured and simulated annual diameter increment for six plant functional types (PFT). Simulations (lines) were carried out under full light conditions (600 µmol(photons)m-2s-1) and represent maximum potential growth. Field measurements (dots) were taken in different light environments (Williams-Linera 1996).
Figure S3: Simulation of the dynamics of old-growth forest. Inventory data (individuals ≥ 5 cm dbh) from five forest fragments (0.5 ha) were used as the initial situation. Stem numbers (A) and basal area (B) are means of ten simulations for 1 ha and 400 years (individuals ≥ 5 cm dbh). Standard deviation is shown for total stem numbers and basal area.
Figure S4: Measured and simulated stem number-diameter-distributions for the six plant functional types (PFT). Field data are means and standard deviations for five forest fragments (0.1 ha each). Simulated values are means and standard deviations for ten patches (0.1 ha each) of a simulated old-growth forest, that is, after 400 years without large-scale disturbance.
Figure S5: Forest regeneration in terms of (A) stem numbers, (B) basal area, (C) mean height, and (D) maximum height. Simulation results (lines) are means of twenty-five 20 m × 20 m plots (individuals ≥ 5 cm dbh). Bars represent the range of simulation results. Each dot represents field data from four 10 m × 10 m plots (Muñiz-Castro and others 2006). The values at OG represent field data from old-growth forest and simulation results after 100 years.

Figure S1


Figure S2




Figure S3

Figure S4


Figure S5


Table S1. Variables of FORMIND2.3

Table S2: Parameters of FORMIND for Tropical Montane Cloud Forest in Central Veracruz, Mexico




Parameter

Description

Unit

PFT 1*

PFT 2

PFT 3

PFT 4

PFT 5

PFT 6




























Environmental parameters






















I0

Average irradiance above canopy

[µmol(photons) m-2 s-1]







600







k

Light extinction coefficient

[m² ground m-² leaf]







0.5







sd

Mean sunshine hours per day

[h d-1]







12































Tree geometry parameters






















Dmax

Maximum diameter

[m]

0.35

0.35

0.35

0.8

0.8

1.0

Hmax

Maximum height

[m]

15

15

15

25

25

35

h0

Parameter of diameter-height relationship

[cm m-1]

2.24

2.24

2.24

2.15

2.15

2.1

h1

Parameter of diameter-height relationship

[m]

18.55

18.55

18.55

29.26

29.26

42

cd

Parameter of diameter-crown diameter relationship

[m cm-1]







0.2







f

Form factor

[-]







0.5







c

Crown length fraction

[-]







0.1







L

Leaf area index per tree

[m² leaf m-² ground]







2







sw

Fraction of stem wood biomass to total biomass

[-]







0.7


































Tree growth parameters






















ρ

Wood density

[t m-3]

0.55

0.65

0.7

0.65

0.7

0.65

pmax

Maximum rate of photosynthesis

[µmol(CO2) m-² s -1]

20

16

10

16

10

16

α

Light-use efficiency

[µmol(CO2) µmol(photons) -1]

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.2

0.25

0.2

rg

Parameter of growth respiration

[-]







0.2







r0

Parameter of maintenance respiration

[-]

0.79

0.59

0.41

0.3

0.19

0.23

r1

Parameter of maintenance respiration

[-]

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.07

1.1

1.02

m

Transmission coefficient of leaves

[-]







0.1







codm

Parameter for conversion in organic dry matter

[t µmol(CO2) -1]







0.63 44e-12































Recruitment parameters






















Imin

Minimum light intensity for establishment

[% of I0]

10

3

1

3

1

3

Imax

Maximum light intensity for establishment

[% of I0]







100







Nmax

Ingrowth rates of small trees

[ha-1 y-1]

1000

400

250

400

250

400




























Mortality parameters






















mB

Basic mortality

[y-1]

0.05

0.015

0.015

0.01

0.008

0.01

mmax

Maximum mortality of small trees

[y-1]







0.25







Dmort

Diameter up to which mortality is increased

[m]







0.1







Dfall

Minimum diameter of falling trees

[m]







0.35







pfall

Probability of large dying trees to fall

[%]







80


































Technical parameters






















DS

Diameter of ingrowing trees

[m]







0.01







a

Patch size

[m²]







400







Δh

Step width of vertical discretization

[m]







0.5

































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