Memory of the world nomination form
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| MEMORY OF THE WORLD
NOMINATION FORM Sweden - Skånska Generalguvernementet archival fonds Ref: 2004—06 1. SUMMARY The two archival fonds of Skånska Generalguvernementet (the administration of the governor-general of Skåne) from 1658-1693 originate from the regional Swedish civil and military administration of the provinces Skåne, Halland and Blekinge, which were conquered by Sweden from Denmark in 1645 and 1658. These provinces constitute a border region, which has its history in two nations. The fonds are of great value as historical sources, since they reflect a period of transition from Danish to Swedish rule and the establishment of the new Swedish civil and military administration. They contain material concerning the resistance of the population and the measures taken by the central government and the local civil servants. They thus contain source material for comparative studies of border conflicts and the development of conquered territories. Of special interest in this context is the comparatively peaceful integration of the former Danish provinces in the Swedish realm. This was achieved not at least through the well balanced policy of the regional administration, who often took sides for the provinces against the central government. Name1: Landsarkivet (Regional Archives) in Lund and the Swedish National Memory of the World Committee Relation: Landsarkivet in Lund is a governmental archival institution which is responsible for records from local and regional government authorities in the counties of southern Sweden. The archival fonds of Skanska Generalguvernementet are kept at Landsarkivet. Person: Jan Dahlin, Director of the Archives Details: Postal address: Landsarkivet, Box 2016, SE-220 02 LUND, Sweden Phone: +46 46 19 70 01 Fax: +46 46 19 70 70 E-mail: jan.dahlin@landsarkivet-lund.ra.se Name: Name: Skanska generalguvernementskansliets arkiv and Skanska generalguvernementskontorets och landsbokhalleriets arkiv. Identity numbers: SE/LLA/10879 and SE/LLA/10880. Owner: the State of Sweden. Custodian: Landsarkivet (Regional Archives) in Lund, Box 2016, SE-220 02 LUND, Sweden. Description: Description and inventory The two archival fonds comprise together 52,5 shelf metres. The content is described in two inventories that are available in Swedish on www.nad.ra.se. There is also an exhaustive register of correspondence. The fonds mainly consist of documentation of decisions taken by the Governor-General, of letters sent to him from the government, other authorities and private persons, of accounts and similar material concerning Inland Revenue and taxation of individuals and estates, of judicial verdicts, and of records concerning military administration. Provenance The archival fonds have since their origin been in the custody of the regional government administration in the province of Skane. After a brief period at the University Library in Lund they were in 1903 in accordance with the archival statutes transferred to the Regional Archives in Lund, which had been established that same year. Physical state and condition The fonds, consisting of both bound volumes and separate documents in boxes, are stored in the depositories of Landsarkivet. About 110 volumes/boxes contain material that is more or less seriously damaged. About 90 volumes/boxes contain minor damage. Most of the damage has been caused by earlier attacks of mildew. Bibliography 1. Skanska Generalguvernementet 1658-1693 och dess arkiv (Lund 1967, doctoral dissertation, summary in German) by Alf Erlandsson 2. Skaanes Overgang fra Danmark til Sverige (Kobenhavn & Lund 1958) by Knud Fabricius 3. Friskyttarna (snapphanarna) under skanska kriget (Lund 1916) by Per Sorensson Referees 1. Dr Alf Erlandsson, former archivist of the United Nations, Hawaii, USA (e-mail: aerlandsson@att.net) 2. Dr Anna Christina Ulfsparre, prof. em. of archival science, Lund, Sweden, (e-mail: aulfsparre@sverige.nu) 3. Dr Sten Skansjo, Kristianstad University, Lund, Sweden (e-mail: sten.skansjo@husa.hkr.se) Authenticity: The authenticity of the archival fonds is guaranteed by the fact that they since their origin have been in continuous custody of the regional government authorities, where they were created, and during the last hundred years have been subject to elaborate and highly qualified professional examination and description (see Bibliography, nr 1, above) at an archival institution. Significance: The significance of the archival fonds is mainly found in the fact that they are the direct evidence of the political and administrative measures that led to the successful and peaceful incorporation in Sweden of the provinces Skane, Halland and Blekinge, which were conquered from Denmark in the 17th century. The incorporation falls within Sweden's short but significant period as a great power. During this time the Swedish civil and military administration was in many respects one of the most efficient and advanced in Europe. The fonds reflect this administration and its record keeping system on a regional and local level. The Scandinavian region was in the 17th century characterized by severe national rivalry between Sweden and Denmark and lengthy military conflicts. During the last 200 years, however, Scandinavia has developed into one of the most stable regions of the world. A significant foundation for this development was undoubtedly laid already at the end of 17th century by the Swedish administration in the newly conquered Danish provinces. In the course of world history there may not be many examples of border provinces, whose population in such a short time - not more than a few decades - and with so few disturbances has accepted the transition from one nation to another. In this sense the archival fonds of the regional Swedish administration are of unique and irreplaceable character. Criteria: Criterion 1 Time: The fonds are good representatives of the early modern period of Europe, which is characterized by frequent wars between the emerging national states. In particular they reflect the typical results of the peace conferences of that time, i. e. the handing over of provinces from one nation to another without any consideration to the opinion of the inhabitants. Criterion 2 Place: The fonds are good representatives of the Scandinavian region, as they reflect both the conflict-filled past and the first steps towards the stability, prosperity and peaceful cooperation of today. Criterion 3 People: The fonds are of great significance, as they reflect the process of transition from one nation to another, i. e. how the Danes of the conquered provinces in an astonishingly short period of time became loyal Swedes. Criterion 4 Subject and Theme: The fonds are of great significance, as they document the successful policy of an occupying power. Its major goal - the peaceful integration of the conquered provinces - was rapidly achieved and has survived undisputed to this day. (Criterion 5 Form and Style does not apply) Rarity: As evidences of an altogether successful administration of occupied territories in the 17th century the archival fonds may well be said to possess a high degree of rarity. Integrity: In the 18th and 19th centuries parts of the fonds have most probably been classified as useless and deliberately destroyed, and there have also been some losses due to inappropriate storing and handling, but on the whole the fonds may be said to be well preserved. Threat: The fonds are not under any particular threats, and normal archival procedures are enough to ensure their security. Management plan: No further management plan has been drawn up for these particular fonds. The fonds are kept in the ordinary depositories of Landsarkivet (Regional Archives), where temperature, humidity and security are controlled according to current rules and standards for the keeping of archives of the state. Every volume of the fonds has been systematically examined with regard to damages, and volumes which contain damaged material have been marked up. In case damaged material is demanded by researchers, the material is first secured by the Conservation Department of Landsarkivet (Regional Archives), whose staff possesses the necessary professional skills. Owner: The archival fonds are owned by the Swedish state and kept in the custody of Landsarkivet (Regional Archives) in Lund, Box 2016, SE-220 02 LUND, Sweden (Phone: +46 46 19 70 00, Fax: +46 46 19 70 70, E-mail: landsarkivet@landsarkivet-lund.ra.se) Custodian: See 5.1. Category: The archival fonds are owned by the state. Accessibility: The fonds are freely accessible to all visitors to Landsarkivet (Regional Archives). The only factor that limits public access to the material is physical damage. In case damaged material is demanded by researchers, the material must first be secured by the Conservation Department. Copyright: There is no copyright connected with these fonds. Responsible: Landsarkivet (Regional Archives) in Lund is legally responsible for the safekeeping of the material. The responsibility is directly exercised through its staff. Other: The keeping of state archives in Sweden and the duties of the archival institutions of the state are regulated in the Archive Act, the Archive Ordinance, the Instruction for the National Archives and the Regional Archives and in various regulations issued by the National Archives (Riksarkivet). Management: There is no further management plan in existence for these particular fonds. The general rules and regulations that apply to the archives of the state and the practices and routines at Landsarkivet (Regional Archives) can be presumed to give fairly good protection against further damages. The fonds are kept in the ordinary depositories of Landsarkivet (Regional Archives), where temperature, humidity and security are controlled according to current rules and standards for the keeping of archives of the state. Every volume of the fonds has been systematically examined with regard to damages, and volumes which contain damaged material have been marked up. In case damaged material is demanded by researchers, the material is first secured by the Conservation Department of Landsarkivet (Regional Archives). A more rapid and systematic conservation of the damaged items of these particular fonds is urgent, but has not as yet been carried out. The limited resources of the Conservation Department are generally directed towards more acute work. A digital reproduction of major parts of the fonds, especially the more frequent ones, is also desirable. Owner1: The Director General of the National Archives of Sweden, dr Tomas Lidman, has been consulted concerning this nomination. Custodian1: Bengt Danielson, Senior Archivist at the Regional Archives in Lund, has been consulted concerning the completion of this form. Committee: The Swedish National Memory of the World Committee resolved at meetings on November 13, 2003 and May 18, 2004 that a proposal concerning the archival fonds of Skanska Generalguvernementet was to be further developed into a formal application. Risk: Due to frequent use by researchers there is a slight risk that improper handling may cause damages. Preservation: There is evidence from the 18th century that the fonds have been damaged due to inadequate storing. In connection with Alf Erlandsson's work on his doctoral dissertation (see 3.2) in the 1960's the fonds were arranged and catalogued according to modern principles. Volumes and documents were put in new packages, and some conservation work was carried out. Around 1990 the entire material was carefully examined with regard to damages. Volumes and documents were systematically cleaned, and inappropriate packages were replaced. This examination showed that about 110 volumes/boxes contained material with more or less serious damages. About 90 volumes/boxes contained minor damages. Most of the damages had been caused by earlier attacks of mildew. Volumes which contained damaged material were marked up. In case damaged material is demanded by researchers, the material is first secured by the Conservation Department of Landsarkivet (Regional Archives), whose staff possess the necessary professional skills. A more rapid and systematic conservation of the damaged items of these particular fonds is urgent, but has not as yet been carried out. The limited resources of the Conservation Department are generally directed towards more acute work. A digital reproduction of major parts of the fonds, especially the more frequent ones, is also desirable. name2: Jan Dahlin signature: Jan Dahlin date: June 9, 2004 |