Ana səhifə

Lubya a palestinian demolished Village in Galilee Memory-History-Culture-Identity Mahmoud Issa Preface


Yüklə 0.87 Mb.
səhifə21/21
tarix24.06.2016
ölçüsü0.87 Mb.
1   ...   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21
[add]

68 Salah Shehada (Abu Nimr) was born in 1930. The interview with him was conducted in Dayr Hanna, Israel on 29 May 1999.

69 Nahom Abbo was born in 1923. The interview with him took place at his home in Tiberias in 1996.

70 [Reference to Morris, Border wars]

71 Moshe Dayan in an address to the Technion (Israel Institute of Technology), Haifa (as quoted in Ha'aretz, 4 April 1969), cited in All That Remains, supra note 8, p. xxxi.

72 Supra note 51.

73 For more details on this issue see Benvenisti, supra note 53.

74 Central Zionist Archives, 8 February 1949 [On file with the author]. [see original]

75 Swedenburg, supra note 12, pp. 62-63.

76 Nayif Hajjo was born on 7 June 1948. The interview with him was conducted on 11 September 1995.

77 al-Sinnara, 1 September 1995.

78 Civil society is a complex term describing the relationship between the state, the citizen and civil institutions. Here I am using the term simply to identify the social structure in Lubya and the inter-relationships between its people. For more information about the history of the term see, Azmi Bishara, Musahama fi Naqd al-Mujtama’ al-Madani. Ramallah: Muwatin, 1996.

79 Nayif Muhammad Hassan was born in 1925. The interview was conducted with him in Amman, Jordan on 4 April 1996.

80 Nadmi Othman (Abu Khalil) was born in 1929. The interview with him was conducted in Homs refugee camp in Syria on 18 November 1998.

81


82 All That Remains, supra note 8, p. 527. Also see, Village Statistics 1945, supra note 54, p. 122.

83 al-Maosoaa al-Falastinia, supra note 18, p. 55.

84 Lubya (Tiberias District), 1943-1944, supra note 32.

85 Ibid.

86 Sa'idiyya Younis was born in [add]. The interview with Sa'idiyya Younis was conducted in Copenhagen in [add]. She has eleven children now living in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel and Copenhagen. Sa'idiyya Younis is my mother.

87 Ministry of Education, Yearbook, 1321, p. 443. Also see Mustafa Dabbagh, Biladuna Falastin. Kufur Kari’: Dar al-Huda, 1991, pp. 424-426.

88 Lubya (Tiberias District), 1943-1944, supra note 32.

89 Younis al-Mani was born in 1928. The interview with Younis was conducted in Denmark in 1995 together with Yousef Muhammad Issa.

90 The interview with Ibrahim Shihabi was conducted in Damascus, Syria together with Yousef al-Yousef on 13 October 1998.

91 Ibid.

92 Masalha, supra note 5, p. 17, quoting David Ben Gurion, Zichronot [Memoirs] Vol. III. Tel Aviv: ‘Am ‘Oved, 1971-1972, p. 163.

93 Israel State Archives (Jerusalem). Documents 3634/R, 8073/N, 3624/R, 13657/N, and 323/524/P. The dates of the documents range from 1942-45.

94 Ibid.

95 Ibid.

96 Ibid.

97 In this particular case, however, villagers continued to hold a grudge against the people from the village of Sakhnin. According to Um Hassan a man from Sakhnin once proposed to a girl named Khadra from Lubya, but her husband objected to the marriage saying that we will not give one of our daughters to the enemy.

98 Zahra Ibrahim Khalil was born in 1923. The interview was conducted in Irbid, Jordan, on 6 April 1996.

99 Ahmad Hajjo (Abu Hassan) was born in 1904. The interview with him was conducted on 11 September 1995.

100


101 Ramzia Hassan Abu Dhais (Um Isam) was born in 1925. The interview with her was conducted in Nazareth on 25 September 1995.

102 [check last name in original]

103 On 2 November 1917 the British government issued the famous Balfour Declaration, signed by then Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Authur J. Balfour. According to the Declaration, the British government gave its support for the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine. The letter reads as follows: “His Majesty’s Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a National Home for the Jewish pople, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other countries.” The text of the letter is reprinted in A Survey of Palestine. Vol. I, supra note 31, p. 1. It is noteworthy that the declaration recognizes Jewish political rights not only in Palestine but elsewhere, while at the same time only recognizes the civil and religious rights of the indigenous Palestinian Arab population in Palestine.

104 The interview with Izra Lavi and his wife Ester took place in their home in Tiberias, Israel on 18 September 1995. One of my friends, Abu Wajdi from the village of al-Maghar, and one of Izra’s friends, Elyahu, also participated in the interview.

105 Ibid.

106 Ibid.

107


108 In a letter addressed to the British District Commissioner on 19 August 1942, D. Headly gave a negative response to the petition for clemency he had received from Mazal Abbo, Nahum’s mother. The letter reads: “I can see no reason for recommending clemency as the murdered Arab was not in any way connected with the earlier attack on the prisoner’s brother and there appears to be no mitigating circumstances in a particularly brutal murder which has not been already met by the Court in passing sentence of death.” Israel archives, file no. 2692/T.461/N.

109


110


111


112 Lubya (Tiberias District), 1943-1944, supra note 32. This was confirmed to me by Hillel Cohen, an Israeli researcher who did his research at Hebrew University in Jerusalem about the Palestinian collaborators with Jews before 1948. Cohen also wrote a book about internally displaced Palestinians in Israel, recently published in Arabic. Also see, Hillel Cohen, “Land, Memory, and Identity: The Palestinian Internal Refugees in Israel,” 21 Refuge 2 (February 2003).

113 Letter dated Sept. 28, 1937, Blackburne Papers, box 5, file 1, cited in Swedenburg, supra note 12, p. 211.

114 Ibid, p. 14. Quoting Doar Hayom (Jerusalem), 28 April 1930.

115 Abed 'Ajayni was born in 1963. He is the son of Subhiyya Muhsen Gouda who now resides in Dayr Hanna, Israel. The interview with him was conducted on 17 September 1995.

116 al-Hima consisted of different pieces of land: al-Khallalat, Dami, al-Akkoba, al-Ghodran, al-Ma’abir, al-Bassas, Um-Alsuyouf, Bassoum, Sarjoni, al-Karasi, Halhoul, al-Zaafaraniyi, al-Boskandiyi, al-Mu’tirda, Um Al-Khait, al-Mila’abi, al-Baranis, al-Jamra, al-Sahin, al-Kinnara, al-Kuroum, al-Arid, al-Karroubi, al-Tal, Ras-Alzaytoun, and al-Maddan.

117 Lubya (Tiberias District), 1943-1944, supra note 32.

118 Reference to an unpublished doctorate by Sahar Huneidi, Sir Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestine Arabs 1920-1925. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1995. Quote from al-Hayat daily newspaper nos. 12222-3).

119 The Jewish Colonization Association (JCA) was founded as a private organization with a capital of two million liras Sterling by Baron Moritz Hirsch in 1891 and registered as a shareholding company under British law.

120 Cmd. 1785, A Survey of Palestine 1945-1946. Jerusalem, Vol. I, Chapter 8, pp. 244, cited in Sami Hadawi, Palestinian Rights and Losses in 1948, A Comprehensive Study. London: Saqi Books, 1988, p. 44.

121 Masalha discovered that this clause was actually coined earlier in 1851 by Lord Shaftesbury and not by Israel Zangwill. Masalha, supra note 5, p. 13. Also see Chaim Weizmann, later president of the World Jewish Congress and the first president of the state of Israel, stating in 1914, “In its initial stage, Zionism was conceived by its pioneers as a movement wholly depending on mechanical factors: there is a country which happens to be called Palestine, a country without a people, and, on the other hand, there exists the Jewish people, and it has no country. What else is necessary, then, than to fit the gem into the ring, to unite this people with this country?” Masalha citing a speech delivered by Weizmann at a meeting of the French Zionist Federation in Paris, 28 March 1914 in Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann. Vol. I, Series B, Paper 24. Jerusalem: Israel University Press, 1983, pp. 115-16. Ibid, p. 12.

122 Raphael Patai (ed.), The Complete Diaries of Theodore Herzl. Vol. 1 New York: Herzl Press and T. Yoseloff, 1960, pp. 88-89.

123 For an overview of relevant legislation see, e.g., Hadawi, supra note 113.

124 Yousef Ka’war was also remembered as someone who used to lend Lubyans money in return for mortgaging their land.

125 Ben Zohion Mikhaili, Sajara, Tuldotaih V’ashaih, 75 years of its Establishment, 1899-1973 (Sajara, its History and People). PLACE: A’m Ovaid, Culture and Education, YEAR, pp. 20-21.

126 The sale between Abdul Ghani Beydoun and Nathan Narcis Levin was also referred to in a document in French under the title: 'Acquisition Terrian Loubieh,” dated 31 March 1943. The text of the letter starts by saying: “It was around 43 years ago that we bought the land in Lubya.” (Le terrain de Loubieh a ete achete (en Mucha) ... il y a 43 ans environ.). Zionist Archives – J15/7459, p. 1 The exact amount of land purchased by PICA until the 4 February 1945 in two areas named Lubya and Sarjouni was the following: In Sarjouni, 2,682 dunums, in Lubya, 3,446 dunums. Projet De Colonisation A Lubya-Sarjouni. Ibid., J15/5587.

127 Walter Lehn, The Jewish National Fund. London: Kegan Paul International, 1988, p. 85. Table III, “Jewish Land ownership in Palestine,” ibid, p. 74. Also see, A. Granott (1956), Agrarian Reform and the Record of Israel. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, p. 28.

128 Khalidi, supra note 8, p. 527. Also see, Village Statistics 1945, supra note 54, p. 72.

129 Ibid. J15/5587.

130 Two documents of speeches in the mosque of Lubya were mentioned before, urging people not to sell land to the Jews. al-Awqaf al-Islamiyya – Jerusalem, supra note [see above].

131 The interview with Younis al-Mani was conducted in Helsingor, Denmark in 1996.

132 Corrections to the names of plots, in brackets, were introduced in the course of interviews with Lubyans.

133 Reports of the two imams are in the archives of al-Awkaf al-Islamiyya, Jerusalem, Kism Ihya’ al-Turath al-Islami, (the Department for the Revival of Islamic Tradition).

134 Foreign Minister Shertok [Sharett] (Tel Aviv) to Goldman London), 15 June 1948, in Israel State Archives, Documents on the Foreign Policy of the State of Israel, May-September 1948. Vol. I. Yehoshua Freundlich, p. 163.

135 Israel State Archives, FM2447/2, Eytan to de Boisanger (Lausanne), 25 May 1949, cited in Morris, supra note 67, p. 255.

136 [See from Gail]

137 The definition of the term “absentee” in article 1 of the Law specifies five different groups: 1.Those that left Palestine after 1/9/1948 to a place outside the land of Israel and did not return. Those are the “real absentees”; 2. The population of the ‘Small Triangle’ which was annexed to Israel in accordance with the Rhodes Treaty of 3/4/1949; 3. Citizens who left their villages or towns and moved to a place held by the “Arab Liberation Army”, and which later became part of Israel; 4. Citizens who left Palestine before 1/9/1949 returned as “infiltrators” and received Israeli identity cards through family reunion schemes. 5. Jews who immigrated to Israel from Arab countries. Laws of the State of Israel. Vol. 4, 5710-1949/50, pp. 68-83 and Laws of the State of Israel. Vol. 5, 5711-1950/51, pp. 63-72. For more details see Usama Halabi, “The impact of the Jewishness of the State on the Status and Rights of the Arab Citizens in Israel” in The Palestinians in Israel, Is Israel the state of all its citizens and “absentees”?, edited and translated by Nur Masalha, Haifa: Galilee Center for Social Research, 1993, pp. 7-33.

138 The Development Authority was established in 1950 to facilitate the sale and development of lands held by the Custodian of Absentees' Property to the state and the Jewish National Fund (JNF). Dividends from the sale of the property were to be held by the Custodian until the state of emergency, under which the law became operational, came to an end. The state of emergency is still in place. In practice, however, the dividends were returned to the Development Authority in the form of a loan.

139 The amount of 87,894 liras and 280 bruta was equivalent to US$ 49,000.

140 [add]

141 Mudar Youssef Odi, Baldat Lubya al-Jaliliyya, Shahada Littareekh [The Galilean Village of Lubya, a Historical Account]. [On file with the author] Concerning the meeting in Lubya in 1921 and other towns see, Abd al-Wahab Kayyali, Tareekh Falasteen al-Hadeeth [A Modern History Palestine]. 9th Edition. Beirut: al-Mu’assasat al-Arabiyya Lil-dirasat Wa al-Nashr, 1985, p. 156.

142 Not one of the people I interviewed mentioned these episodes, either because they were young, or because no one left written documents concerning these meetings. There are fewer written and oral sources from the 1920s as compared to the 1930s, in part due to the fact that events in Palestine had greater regional and international dimensions.

143 A Survey of Palestine. Vol. I. supra note 31, p. 35.

144 Interview with Ahmad Okla, conducted by Wajih Jabir in Falastin al-Thawra, 1 January 1981, pp. 137-143.

145 [add]

146 Israel archives, file no. 2692/T.461/N.

147 Ibid.

148 The Haganah History Book. Vol. III, p. 72; Davar, 22 June 1939 cited in Uri Ben-Eliezer, The Making of Israel Militarism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998, pp. 34-35.

149 Ibid.

150 David Niv, Etzel Battles, from Defence to Attack. [Hebrew] Part II. Tel-Aviv: Klausner Institute, 1965, pp. 245- 251.

151 Ibid, p. 245.

152 Ibid.

153 Ibid, pp. 245- 251.

154 Ibid.

155 Ibid.

156 In May 1939, the British Government announced in a White paper (Cmd. 6018) its intention to limit Jewish immigration to Palestine to 75,000 persons for the following five years, and to grant Palestine its independence within ten years. The paper provoked widespread protests from Jewish organisations, both in Palestine and in Britain.

157 Ben Gurion Diaries, 6 June 1939-13 June 1939.

158 Another book written by Uri Ben Eliezer confirmed the direct involvement of Yigal Alon in the civilian attacks. Nahom nonetheless insisted that Yigal Alon was a very humanitarian person and wanted peace with the Arabs and that he used to invite Arabs to his house: “I knew him personally, and he gave me orders to kill those responsible for the troubles.” He even showed me a copy of the order, as published in his book, The Stuggle for Tiberias.

159 UNGA Resoluton 181(II), 29 November 1947. The plan was based on the majority recommendation of the UN Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP). Report of the UN Special Committee on Palestine, UN Doc. A/364, 31 August 1947. The proposed Jewish State, comprising 56 percent of territory of Palestine, had a population of 498,000 Jews and 497,000 Palestinian Arabs. Jews owned less than 10 percent of the land. The proposed Arab state had a population of 725,000 Palestinian Arabs and 10,000 Jews. The city of Jerusalem, which was to have international status, had a population of 105,000 Palestinian Arabs and 100,000 Jews.

160 Amina Ali Ismael was born in 1929. The interview with her was conducted in Denmark on 12 April 1995.

161 The interview with Ahmad Abu Dhais was conducted in Nazareth on 25 September 1995.

162 Dayr Yasin was one of the most infamous massacres of the 1947-49 conflict and war in Palestine. The massacre was carried out by Etzel and Lehi forces with the prior knowledge of the Haganah and became a symbol for Palestinians of Zionist intentions in Palestine. For more details see, Walid Khalidi, Dayr Yasin: al-jumu’ah, 9 nisan/abril 1948 [Dayr Yasin: Friday, 9 April 1948]. Jerusalem: Institute of Palestine Studies, 1999. Also see, www.deiryassin.org.

163 Khalidi, supra note 8, pp. 15-17 and 460-61. For a summary of the legal proceedings see, Husayn Abu Husayn, Rght of Return – The Ever-Present Fear, The Iqrit Model and Land in Israel. Working paper prepared for the 2nd BADIL Expert Seminar on Palestinian Refugees, ‘Housing and Property Restitution in Durable Solutions for Palestinian Refugees,’ 2-4 October 2003, Geneva. [Unpublished].

164 See, for example, Muhammad Amin Bashar, 'Illut 'Ibr al-Tarikh ['Illut During History]. Nazareth: Maktab al-Nawras Lil'inma'al-Tarbawi, 2002.

165 The interview with ‘Ajaj Sa’d ‘Odi was conducted in Tur’an, Israel on 9 May 1995.

166 For a list of reported massacres by Zionist/Israeli forces during the war see, List of Reported Massacres, tbl. 5; Abu Sitta, supra note 8, p. 16. For details of individual massacres based on documents from Zionist and State Archives see Morris, supra note 67.

167 Subhiyya Muhsen Gouda was born in 1942. The interview with her was conducted in Dayr Hanna, Israel on 17 September 1995.

168 Nasir Muhammad ‘Atwani was born in 1926. The interview with him was conducted in Aleppo, Syria on 16 November 1998.

169 The interview with Ali Azzam was conducted in Denmark in 1995.

170


171 Fayad Abbas was born in 1918. The interview with him was conducted in Denmark in 1995.

172 Abu Khalil went on to related that “on the last day of Ramadan we intervened with two officers, al-Qudsi and Omar Beik ‘Arna’out, to get him released. They asked the president what to do, and when he told them how Mustafa insulted him, they reminded him that Mustafa was now a refugee while he was a president. Two months later he was freed from prison on condition that he not enter Syria again, so he went to Lebanon and from there to Jordan.” While he was in Lebanon, Mustafa “met Fawzi Qawuqji and asked him to introduce him to Jabir al-Sabbah, the Emir of Kuwait, who was vacationing at the time in the mountain resort of ‘Alaih. He went to Kuwait after the Emir promised to help him find work, but did not like it; so he returned to Israel/Palestine in 1969-70, and from there went to Canada, where he eventually became a Canadian citizen and died there in 1994.”

173 Jamiil Arafat mentions in his book that 87 Jewish soldiers were killed in and around Lubya. A monument for the Golani brigade was erected on the spot. He put the number of Lubyans killed in these battles at 57. Jamiil Arafat, Min Thakirat al-Watan, Min Kurana al-Muhajjara. Nazareth: al-Nahda, 1999.

174 The interview with Abu Muhammad was conducted in Burj al-Shamali refugee camp in Lebanon on 10 February 1999. Five other Lubyans living in the camp participated in the interview: Said Thyab, Abdullah Shanshiri who was born in 1938, Adnan Husayn Qasim who was born in 1956, 'Awad Kilani, and Mahmoud Qasim.

175 The interview with Ahmad Hassan Ibrahim was conducted in Berlin, Germany on 10 March 1996.

176 Abu Hassan Hajjo was born in 1904. The interview with him was conducted in Dayr Hanna, Israel on 11 September 1995. He passed away in 1997.

177 UNRWA was established in December 1949 according to UN General Assembly Resolution 302(V), 8 December 1949, as a temporary agency mandated to provide emergency relief and assistance to refugees displaced from Palestine during the 1948 war. The Agency continues to provide basic education, health, and social services to Palestinian refugees due to the absence of a solution for the refugees in accordance with the terms set forth in General Assembly Resolution 194(III), 11 December 1948, supra note 3. For more on UNRWA see, www.unrwa.org.

178 After 1969 when the revolutionary forces took over the responsibility of the camps according the Cairo agreement between the PLO and the Lebanese government, the camp was re named Galilee camp, while the other camp was moved south, and named Rashadiyya camp.

179 The interview with Ahmad Hajjo was conducted in Dayr Hanna, Israel on 11 September 1995. Ahmad was born in 1953.

180 The interview with Khalil, age 33, was conducted in Helsingor, Denmark on 3 June 1995. Khalil is the son of Yousif Issa.

181 Sakir was born in 1951 in Lebanon. The interview with him was conducted in Berlin

182 The main families are: Kilani, Younis, Karzoun, Shahabi, Yasin, Nadmi Khalil, Sheil Saleh’s sons.

183 The interview with Muhammad Khair Shihabi was conducted in Yarmouk refugee camp in Syria on 21 October 1998.

184 The interview with Jawad, age 33, was conducted in Helsingor, Denmark on 3 June 1995. Jawad is the son of Yousef al-Mani.

185 The interview with Najah and her husband Adnan was conducted in Copenhagen, Denmark on 18 May 1995. Najah was born in 1954.

186 The interview with Jalal, age 27, was conducted in Helsingor, Denmark on 3 June 1995. Jalal is the son of Younis.

187 For a comprehensive overview of the status of Palestinian refugees see, Lex Takkenberg, The Status of Palestinian Refugees in International Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.

188 Akram was born in 1981. The interview was conducted in Copenhagen on 10 May 1995.

189 Luma was born in 1979. The interview with Luma was conducted in Copenhagen on 10 May 1995.

190 Qassem was born in 1996. The interview with Qassem was conducted in Copenhagen on 14 May 1995.

191 This unique relationship had its origins in the Jericho Conference of 1950 that resulted in the annexation of the West Bank to Jordan during the reign of King Abdullah. This relationship, however, was severely shaken during the years (1968-1971) when the Palestinian resistance was operating from Jordan. In 1971 the Jordanian army attacked and defeated the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) forces and ended the troublesome situation when there were almost two authorities in the country. This caused deep tensions in the relationship between the “one people”, the Palestinians and the Jordanians, which culminated in July 1988 in a political decision by King Hussein to break all legal and administrative ties with the West Bank.

192 Basma was born in Lebanon in 1965.

193 The interview with Sakir, Saleh and Tariq was conducted in Berlin, Germany on 8 March 1996.

194 Palestinian identity is still poorly understood. Khalidi identifies four main reasons. Palestinians never had the opportunity to live in an independent state of their own on their own land. The Zionist narrative, which is more than a century old, is a fierce competitor to claims over the same land. Over the 19th and 20th centuries Palestinians have been exposed to multiple foci of identity including Ottomanism, religion, Arabism, afficiliation with the family or clan and regional and later national loyalty. Finally, Pan-Arabism. Rashid Khalidi, Palestinian Identity, the Construction of Modern National Consciousness. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

195 The interview with Um Ali and Um Majid was conducted in Yarmouk refugee camp in Syria on 25 January 1999. Um Ali was born in 1930. Um Majid was born in 1938.

196 The interview with Jamal Shihabi was conducted in Homs, Syria on 19 January 1999. Jamal was born in 1943.

197 The interview with Fadiya Abbas was conducted in Denmark in 1995. She was born in 1920.

198 The interview with Husam was conducted in Berlin, Germany on 10 March 1996.

199 The interview with Jamal Hajjo was conducted in Gaza on 14 October 1995. Jamal was born in 1944.

200 The interview with Samar Naji was conducted in Ramallah on 29 September 1995.

201 The interview with Sara Ozacky-Lazar was conducted at th Institute for Peace Research in Givat Haviva on 31 September 1995.

202 The interview with Uri Davis was conducted in Um al-Fahm on 20 October 1995.

203 There is more detailed information about al-Shihabi in the books of Biladuna Falastin. Mustafa Aldabbag, published by Dar Altali'a, Beirut, 1974. Also in Karyat Lubya, mentioned above.

204 All the above named places were named in an interview with both Younis and Youssef. Those names were not mentioned in the booklet of Lubya, by Shihabi. Shihabi mentioned the down written names, with few corrections or additions through interviews by Youssef Muhammad. About the people who owned the land in Lubya: all the families had a piece of land except two families: Abu Sara'an house and Abdulla Nusairi (from Saudi Arabien, came as a lost boy to Lubya and was adopted by the Hajajwi.

205 Because Abu Dhais from Alatwat family, the other bigger family Alshahaibi protested and demanded from the British to establish their own garden. They build another garden for Fawwaz al-Ali.

206 The following names are found in Land Department, P.O.B 356, Jerusalem.

207 From An interview with Abu Tal’at in Amman 18.4.96

208 All the above sixteen names are from the Shahaybi tribe, from the southern part of the village.

209 The last six names are from the northern part of the village.

210 Public Record Office, C.O.821/2, micro fish films, Section V11, P.63

211 Palestine Official Gazette, 1926, British archives, No. of file: CO 742/3

212 The Battles of 1948, Ministry of Defence, Israel, 1955, pp. 216-241.

213 Shihabi: Karyat Lubya:pp.44-57.

214 The first truce was decided by the UN Security Council form 11 June –8 July

215 Nahum Abbo said in the interview that it is more correct to say armoured vehicles instead of tanks. [

216 Ibid.p.238

217 Ibid.p.218



1   ...   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21


Verilənlər bazası müəlliflik hüququ ilə müdafiə olunur ©atelim.com 2016
rəhbərliyinə müraciət