Local plan for sustainable development for tulcea county
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Natural gas distribution is implemented only in Jijila, Măcin (partially) and in Tulcea Municipality (in only approximately 10 %). Thermal energy distribution through a centralised system is only implemented in Tulcea Municipality and in the town of Măcin. In Tulcea, the main consumers of thermal energy live in apartment buildings and are connected to the CET heat distribution system within S.C. ALUM S.A.(alumina factory), managed by S.C. ACET S.A., which for the last year has functioned on natural gas. Approximately 5% of the population of Tulcea Municipality is not yet connected to neighbourhood networks, managed by S.C. DALKIA ROMANIA SRL, which partially functions on the combustion of light liquid, and which has started to be replaced by natural gas. After the city started to be supplied by natural gas, many of those connected to centralised thermal energy distribution systems have disconnected their heaters, and have installed their own heating systems for each apartment. In Măcin, only several apartment buildings are supplied by the centralised thermal energy distribution system. I.1.7. TRANSPORTATION Air transportation functions through the “Delta Dunării” Airport, located 14km from Tulcea Municipality, on the road to Constanţa and under the management of the County Council. For now, this airport does not have regular flights, only charter flights. There have been important investments here in recent years, such as: restoration and extension of the runway, to be 2,000m, fuel deposit, light buoy, surroundings of the airport. These allow for the landing / take-off of airplanes as large as a Boeing 737 (200-230 tonnes), under completely safe conditions. A feasibility study for the modernisation of the existing airport is under way, also for the expansion of the airplane docking area from 2 to 7 planes, the upgrading of the light buoy, equipment for passenger embankment, baggage conveyor belts, a second metal detector gate, etc. The implementation of this technical document will allow for the scheduling of regular internal flights, which were stopped in 2003, and even for the use of the airport in international flights by attracting low-cost airlines. This will be especially important as the Tulcea airport will need to take a part of the commercial flights which currently land at the “Mihail Kogălniceanu” airport in Constanţa, which has partially become a military airport. Rail transportation currently takes place on a network of only 68km of simple railways, which allow only for local trains. Even the “Săgeata Albastră”, a modern high-speed train which connected Bucharest and Tulcea in less than 4 hours, would slow down to the speed of local trains on the Medgidia-Tulcea railway section. Due to competition from mini bus passenger transportation, which is cheaper and faster, but with decreased levels of safety for passengers, the “Săgeata Albastră” trains were suspended in 2005. Passenger road transportation is carried out through mini busses with 17 seats, busses with 48 seats, which are old and overused, and some modern busses which belong to commercial entities, and to authorised individuals. The routes are established by popular demand. Water transport for passengers and for cargo is extremely important in the county’s economy, as more than half of the county’s surface is made up of the Danube Delta, which is especially important from a tourist perspective. Unfortunately, the majority of ships which operate in the county are old and overused, as they were built in the 1970s and use high amounts of fuel (“BANAT”, “VRANCEA”, “MOLDOVA” and “MEHEDINŢI”, each with a capacity of 300 passengers, “MIRCEŞTI” and “MARAMUREŞ”, each with a capacity of 150 passengers, “COTNARI”, with a capacity of 60 passengers, and “FIENI” with a capacity of 30 passengers) and with reduced speeds and manoeuvrability. These belong to S.C. NAVROM Tulcea S.A., which has recently acquired two modern catamarans, each with a capacity of 200 passengers, which travel on the Tulcea-Sulina, Tulcea – Chilia, Tulcea - Periprava and Tulcea- Sfântu Gheorghe routes, every two days. In addition, there are several motor boats with a capacity of approximately 60 passengers, which travel daily to Sulina, Chilia and Sfântu Gheorghe, which belong to three commercial entities: S.C. BASNAV TUR SRL, S.C. TOTAL SRL and S.C. DIANA SHIPPING SRL. I.1.8. COMMUNICATIONS A. Landline Telephones
At the end of 2004, there were 33,382 persons subscribed to Romtelecom in Tulcea County, which represents a 4.2% drop compared to the number of subscriptions at the end of 2003. The total number of telephone conversations carried out throughout 2004 were of 112,104 thousand minutes, 20.8% less than in 2003, of which 98.8% were national telephone calls, and the rest were international calls. Telephone calls carried out via the landline telephone system decreased by over 50% in 2004 compared to 2003, mostly due to the replacement of manual telephone exchanges with automated ones. After 1 January 2003, new commercial entities began to provide landline telephone services: - USB (ex-Astral) launched landline telephone services– Astral Telefix – on 2 December 2003, and it was the first alternative landline telephone operator to sign contracts with Romtelecom and with GSM operators Connex (Vodafone) and Orange. - RCS&RDS Group launched its first landline telephone services – RDS.TEL – on 6 April 2004. At the level of Tulcea County, this distributor works in partnership with Electron M.BIT, and has a total number of 895 subscribers.
A large number of commercial entities entered the market for distribution of international pre-paid cards, such as: PCNET, Astral. B. Mobile Telephones
In Tulcea County, Orange has about 80% of the market, and Vodafone nearly 20%, with an insignificant number of subscribers with other mobile telephone companies. Where there is a mobile coverage of about 85-90% for the population at national level, the total number of users (either subscribed, or pay-as-you-go) in the county is roughly 218,000-230,000. C. Transmission of Data and Internet Services
The sector for data transmission is especially dynamic. At the end of 2000, there were operating licences for 16 national operators for data transmission, and 111 operating licences were given for the installation and operation of a digital radio-communication network. The main provider of services of this kind in Tulcea is TOTAL INTER MEDIA (TIMnet), a private commercial entity, which specialises in the distribution of Internet services, established in January 1999. The coverage of the TIMnet network is of approximately 70% in Tulcea Municipality, and is concentrated in areas with residential apartment buildings. Other providers of such services are: EXTREME COMPUTERS, on the Tulcea market for 7 years, SOCIETATEA DE SERVICII INFORMATICE SA, ELECTRON M-BIT S.A., ASTRAL S.A. , Click Net, and the internet service offered by ROMTELECOM S.A. and CONY SAT SA. D. CATV Market
I.1.9. FINANCIAL SERVICES In Tulcea County, there are 21 branches of 12 commercial banks: Romanian Commercial Bank (Tulcea branch and 4 agencies: Tulcea Delta, Grigore Moisil, Măcin , Sulina), Raiffeisen Bank (Tulcea branch and 2 agencies: Babadag and Danube), BRD – Group Societe Generale (Tulcea branch and Delta agency), Unicredit (Tulcea branch), Banc Post (Tulcea branch), Credit Europe Bank (Tulcea branch), Transilvania Bank (Tulcea branch and 2 agencies: Danubius and Măcin), Romextera Bank (Tulcea branch), Piraeus Bank (Tulcea agency), House of Savings and Records (Tulcea branch), “Carpatica” Commercial Bank(Tulcea branch), Volksbank (Tulcea branch) . The financial behaviour of the population and of the economic entities in the county (according to the BNR presentation of January 2007), is given by the loans and deposits of clients, as follows:
In terms of the economy in ROL, the structure varies depending on the category analysed, namely available funds or deposits in ROL and in foreign currency.
In terms of the economy in foreign currency, the situation is as follows:
I.1.10 GENERAL SWOT ANALYSIS
I.1.11 SWOT ANALYSIS BY SECTOR
I.1.12 OBJECTIVES STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS IN THE ECONOMIC SECTOR
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
I.2. EVALUATION OF THE NATURAL CAPITAL I.2.1. GENERAL OVERVIEW OF TULCEA COUNTY Physical Geographical Characterisation Tulcea county is located in the northern part of the Dobrogea region, in south-eastern Romania. The parallel at 45° northern latitude passes through the county near the township of Rândunica. The town of Sulina, located at 29°41’24” eastern latitude, is the easternmost point in the county and the country. The county has a surface area of 8,499 km2, which represents 3.5% of the total area of the country, making Tulcea one of the largest counties in the country (ranking third after Timiş and Suceava). The Danube Delta is an important characteristic, as is the Razim-Sinoie lagoon complex; together they have a surface area of 4,340 km2, which represents roughly 51% of the county’s total surface area. Another important characteristic is the large variety of geographical relief forms, setting Tulcea apart from other counties in the country: here you have the oldest geological formations in Europe (mountains, plains and hills, Pre-Cambrian formations in the Hercinici Mountains, and depressions), next to the youngest geomorphic formations (Danube Delta and the Razim – Sinoie Complex). The main geological formations are: Măcinului Mountains, Niculiţel Plateau, Tulcei Mounds, Babadag Plateau, Casimcei Plateau. Tulcea County is surrounded on three sides by water: the Danube to the north and to the west, the Black Sea and the Razim – Sinoie Lagoon complex to the east. The interior hydrographical network includes brooks, with short flows and a non-regulated water debits: Taiţa (longest flow – 47 km), Teliţa (41 km), Slava (41 km), Ceamurlia, Topolog, Casimcea. The Danube borders the county over 276 km . The most important lakes located in the Danube meadow are: Carcaliu, Jijila, Crapina in the northwest and Rotund, Telincea, Saun, Parcheş and Somova in the north. The youngest geomorphologic unit in the county and in the country is the Danube Delta, which includes the three arms of the Danube:
South of the Sf. Gheorghe arm, there is the Razim-Sinoie lagoon complex, which includes Lake Razim, Lake Babadag, Lake Golovita, Lake Zmeica, Lake Sinoie, characterised by large surface areas and shallow depths. I.2.2. WATER RESOURCES Water resources with potential and technical uses in Tulcea County include subterranean water (insufficiently explored and capitalised), and surface waters, mostly dominated by the Danube River. Other streams in the county are of little importance, as they are Danube tributaries, small in number and with a reduced flow capacity, or tributaries into the Black Sea, with longer lengths and larger flows. All streams in the county are grafted into rainwater freshets. Main Rivers and Streams in Tulcea County
County lakes include the lakes along the Danube, those in the Danube Delta, and on the banks of the Black Sea. Of the lakes in the Danube’s meadow, the most important ones are Jijila, Rotund, Saon, Somova, Parcheş. In the Danube Delta there is not a significant number of lakes, usually with large surface areas and shallow depths. The Razim-Sinoie complex is the most important lake area in the country, with a total surface area of 60,000 ha. I.2.3. MINERAL RESOURCES Dobrogea has been an important source for construction stone, granite, porphyry, ornamental limestone of various ages, gritstone, china clay, etc. Aside from construction stone, mineral deposits have also been mined (copper pyrite, iron copper sulphate, sulphates, Bologna spar, etc.). But at present, mining of these substances has ceased due to an inefficient economy. Industrial and construction limestone is mined in Tulcea Municipality (Bididia), Zebil (Dealul Congaz), Mahmudia (Cearacul Mare, and Dealul Hârtop), Babadag (Codru), Nufăru (Dealul Malcoci), Dorobanţu, Ciucurova, Baia, Nalbant. In the areas of Cerna, Măcin, Greci and Baia, granite, granidiorite, and rhyolite are mined. In the area of Turcoaia, porphyry is mined; diabase is mined in the Isaccea area, gritstone is mined in the Nalbant area, and amphibolite is mined in the area of Jijila. Around the perimeter of the Danube Delta Biosphere Conservation Area, various non-renewable natural resources have been identified: cleansing sand for ferrous metallurgy, mines of heavy metals in beach sands, peat, etc. The sands from river-sea banks have been mined, those from Caraorman (cleansing sand – 90.8 % SiO) to be used for glass production and in the technological process at the Ferrous Metallurgy Plant in Galaţi. After the declaration of the Danube Delta as a protected biosphere, all mining was stopped and the constructions and equipment were abandoned. These currently do not integrate into the Delta landscape, and should be demolished. The sands from sea banks have been mined for the extraction of heavy metals. The industrial extraction and processing of heavy metals from sands from Chituc stopped in the ‘90s, due to the incompatibility of such activities with the protection of the Delta. I.2.4. RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES Wild plant species (medicinal and aromatic spontaneous flora) and wild animal species are important renewable natural resources for economic capitalisation. Of the wild flora, the following are capitalised: reed (Phragmites australis), which covers a total surface area of approximately 170,000 ha and has a production potential of around 50,000 tonnes / year, bulrush (Typha angustifolia), lime tree flowers (Tilia tomentosa,T. cordata), roughly 50 tonnes/year, hawthorn flowers, fruit and leaves (Crataegus monogyna), roughly 5.7 tonnes / year, elder tree flowers (Sambucus nigra), around 0.4 tonnes / year, St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum), around 0.72 tonnes / year, Dog Rose flowers (Rosa canina), around 2.5 tonnes/ year, yarrow plants (Achillea millefolium), around 0.8 tonnes/ year, locust tree flowers (Robinia pseudocacia), walnut leaves (Juglans regia), wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), mulberry leaves (Morus alba), wormwood leaves (Artemisia absinthum), Sheppard’s purse (Capsella bursa pastoris), dandelion (Taraxiscum officinale). The medicinal plants listed above are only some of the 95 species in the area. It is also a known fact that Tulcea County is an important melliferous area, with spontaneous wild plants including 64 species. Of the wild animals in the country, fish is an important resource. Of the 133 recorded fish species in the waters of the Danube, the Danube Delta, and on the coast of the Black Sea, 30 species are capitalised in the economy. Around 3,000 – 4,000 tonnes of fish are caught annually, both freshwater and sea species, supporting a strong local and traditional economic activity. Some mammal and bird species make up an important synergic aspect of the wild fauna. In the Danube Delta, 15 hunting clubs are organized, and throughout the rest of the county, there are 30 hunting groups (13 hunting groups managed by RNP and 17 by AJVPS), over a total surface area of 129,258 ha. Renewable energy resources are very important, and Tulcea County was evaluated as having an important energy potential. Of the forms of renewable energy, the most important is wind energy, as Dobrogea is an area with the highest potential in this area in Romania.
The distribution of land areas by use falls within the activity objectives of O.J.S.P.A. Tulcea. However, as the program for development and renewal of the pedagogical and agro-chemical studies for 2003-2011 has only started (a study for the administrative territory of a city hall took two calendar years to be completed, according to the methodology), OJSPA Tulcea does not have any conclusive observations regarding the distribution of the land areas by use, crops, as many of the archived studies are no longer valid after 10 years. In Tulcea County there is a total area of 97,648 ha of degraded land, due to: excessive humidity (10,805 ha), salt (15,253 ha), sand (3,000 ha), erosion (48,546 ha), surface erosions (18,339 ha), depth erosions (1,072) or for other reasons (419 ha). The soils in Tulcea County are affected by natural and anthropic pedo-genetic factors on rocks, which have been intensely transformed to retain water and nutritional elements which are increasingly made available to plants. In general, for the majority of cases, the parental rock is the loess-rock, which led to degradation and alteration. The inorganic material which contributed to the paedogenesis was produced by the meadow vegetation which, due to the micro-flora, produced the humidity – though in a small percentage. The diversification of the types of resulting soil are due to the soil here being some of the oldest in Europe (from the Hercinic chain), as well as some of the youngest in the country (Danube Delta). The main types of soil in Tulcea County are: Chernozems, are mostly located on the Northern Dobrogea Plateau. The soil conditions in the steppe are important from both a climatic and a vegetation perspective. In the Danube Delta, these soils are not widely spread, in the southern part of the Chilia area, where the Chilia loess meadow ends. The surface area covered by chernozems is primarily used for grazing; only a small part is used by fishing farms. From an ecological perspective, there is a danger that the salt levels in the soil might increase, due to increased phreatic water levels, as a result of nearby fishing farms, which have degraded the natural balance in the area. Alluvial soils are very young soils, characterised mostly in the Danube meadow and in the Danube’s western river banks, which continually revive fresh deposits. These banks are sufficiently tall (2-5 mrMN) to be regularly drained and aired, at least in the upper portion of the soil (after floods, the phreatic water level drops to depths of 2-3m). Approximately 35,000 ha of alluvial soil areas in the Danube Delta have dams and are cultivated. If these soils are well managed, they are productive for a large array of crops specific to dry areas, but due to a dry climate and a lack of irrigation, productivity is low. Barley, alfalfa, sunflower, and autumn corn are the most appropriate crops. In natural ecosystems, alluvial soils have relatively low proportions covered with vegetation, and these are mostly meso-xenophyle steppes at high altitudes, or meso-phyle meadows and areas on humid banks. These soils, however, are very well suited for poplar tree forests. The limno layer includes the deposits at the bottom of lakes and lagoons. These sediments are mostly made up of mineral suspensions brought by the Danube’s waters, and of suspensions from chemical and biological processes which took place in the water and between the sediments. The biological functions of the limno layer within aquatic ecosystems are similar with those in land ecosystems, and they play a role in:
Gley soils represent the main component of the characteristic soil envelope for relief types between 0.0 and 0.5mrMN. These are developed on alluvial deposits, but some have been formed on loess deposits (Câmpia Chiliei). If they are not drained and cultivated, gley soils are predominantly covered with thicket, reeds, and sedges. On river banks, these can be found as Salix alba and Salix fragilis forests, and meadows with Agrostis stolonifera and Carex sp. Psamo-pelitic soil and sands are associated with the riverbanks and sand dunes in the maritime delta, and in the Razim-Sinoie lagoon complex. Psamo-pelitic soils are defined by their sandy texture, and their weakly developed soil profile. The general fertility level of psamo-pelitic soils is very low. They are primarily used for meadows and poplar tree plantations. Only on very small areas, in household yards and near villages, these soils may be cultivated with corn, potatoes, rye, barley. Aquisalids include all types of soil which have the upper limit of salt horizon in the first 20cm from the ground surface. Aquisalids support a weak plant life, which includes inferior meadows for cattle feeding. By their nature, these soils have a low level of biodiversity. For agriculture (excluding extensive grazing), it is impossible to use these soils without artificial drainage and washing of the salt. A special problem for sandy aquisalids, which have once been drained, is the fact that they represent a high risk level of wind erosion. White soils are characteristic, by definition, in steppe areas with a dry continental climate, and are the only regional soils in the Danube Delta. The largest part of these soils is used as arable land by the inhabitants of the Chilia Veche village. Others form meadows. The soils at Stipoc were included in fishing farms. Although these soils are good from a physical perspective, they have a moderate fertility level due to the low levels of organic materials, N and P. However, the main reason for low productivity is the lack of humidity in the soil. This is why irrigation is always necessary to obtain good crops on arable lands. Histosols make up the main component of the paedeological level at DDBCA. According to SRCS, soils that fall under this classification contain an organic layer that is more than 50cm thick, with the upper limit within the first 25cm of the ground’s surface. Use. In their natural form, histosols are a basic support for humid ecosystems: thicket, water vegetation, underwater vegetation. Large surfaces are used in agriculture and in managed areas. Anthrosols and non-soils are the result of various human activities. They are mostly represented by lots of earth or other materials resulting from the digging of canals for drainage from agricultural areas and for navigation routes (e.g. Caraorman and Mila 23), and canals for the improvement of water circulation to isolated parts of the delta. Anthrosols are made up of alluvial deposits, sometimes mixed with organic materials. Small surfaces – approximately 500 ha – are used by inhabitants to grow vegetables, melons, and other food. Larger surfaces have been covered by grass, and are used as meadows for grazing. I.2.6. BIODIVERSITY AND PROTECTED AREAS I.1.6.1. Natural Habitats Tulcea County has an outstanding biological diversity due to the climate specific to the Northern Dobrogea region (excessive continental) which has favoured the development of numerous types of habitats and ecosystems. The surface of the county is covered in proportion of 60% by natural and semi-natural ecosystems, and 24 types of natural habitats have been identified, including: steppes, forested meadows, rocky areas, grottos, rivers, lakes, freshwater, coastal vegetation, thicket, peateries, canals and lagoons, sand dunes, agricultural areas, swamps, and sandy beaches. The Danube Delta is particular due to the major influence of the Danube’s water and of its tributaries; it has sedimented habitats which are unique on the Romanian sea coast. The beauty and richness of the area stands out, and has a variety of biotopes and resources, which are unique not only in Europe, but in all delta ecosystems in the world. This site houses important protected species, but especially, special types of habitats. According to existing data, 29 types of protected habitats have been identified, 5 protected species of mammals and reptiles, 14 protected species of fish, 8 protected species of invertebrates, and 5 protected species of plants. The sea area of the Danube Delta hosts 3 protected types of habitats, 2 protected species of mammals, 2 protected species of fish, and 1 protected species of invertebrates. I.2.6.2. Wild Flora and Fauna The rich diversity of natural habitats in the Northern Dobrogea area allows for the existence of a large number of species of wild flora and fauna. Many of them are rare, vulnerable, or endangered. The Dobrogea flora includes 1770 plant species in the province, which represents 52% of all Romanian flora and nearly 19 % of European flora. Subsequent statistics show that Dobrogea has 1911 species, which means that the flora of this province is very rich, and is comparable with the Mediterranean islands of Crete and Corsica. The natural protected areas are representative of the county’s biodiversity, especially the Danube Delta Biosphere Conservation Area and the Munţii Măcinului National Park. The outstanding ecological value of the Măcin Mountains is evidenced through the discovery of 72 phytotaxa to date, representing 5% of endangered species, included in the Red List of superior plants in Romania. The specificity of these taxa, compared to other concentration areas of rare plans in Romania, consists of the domination of Pontic – Balkan species (26.4%) and Pontic species (16.7%), followed by Eurasian species (12.5%), Balkan species (11.1%), Mediterranean (8.3%), Mediterranean-Pontic (6.9%), with other less important ones. Of these taxa, 5 are included in the European Red List, in the vulnerable category: Campanula romanica (bell flower), Galanthus plicatus (snowdrop), Moehringia grisebachii, M. jancae, Dianthus nardiformis, and according to IUCN categories, 45 are endemic, and 6.9% sub-endemic. Also, 1.4% of these taxa fall in the “disappeared” category (Ex), 2.8% in the “vulnerable” category (V), 13.9% in the “vulnerable and rare” category (V/R), and 81.9% in the “rare” category (R). From a fauna perspective, there is an important number of insect species in the Măcin Mountain area which have been new observations in the Romanian fauna, many of which have only been found in this area so far. These species include: Menaccarus arenicola and Nabis provencalis (among heteroptera), Hypantopa segnelle, previously only found in the Alps region, Bryotropha tachyptilella, found in forested steppe areas in Hungary, Slovakia, Italy, Bulgaria, and Ukraine; Bryotropha domestica, adapted to thicket habitats, Caryocolum alsinella found in sandy areas; Caryocolum mucronatella found in only some countries in southern and central Europe; Anacampsis timidella and Dyspessa salicicola, both found in Greece and in the Pricopan hills; Exophila rectangularis found throughout Asia Minor and the eastern Mediterranean region, and Cuculia dracunculi was found for the first time in our country in the Pricopan hills. Among amphibians, the species of the highest scientific importance are: Bufo bufo (European toad) glacial leftover in the Măcin area, and Rana dalmatina, also a leftover which illustrates the old age of the forests in the area. Among reptiles, we mention Testudo graeca (Golden Greek tortoise), Ablepharus kitaibelii, Lacerta trilineata (Balkan green lizard), Lacerta viridis (green lizard), Elaphe quatorlineata (four-lined snake), Elaphe longissima, Coronella austriaca and Vypera ammodytes ssp. montandoni. Bird species are many and varied in the area of the Măcin mountains. Many of the species are protected, as they are considered rare or vulnerable. These include: Apus apus, (common swift), Caprimulgus europaeus (European nightjar), Coracias garrulus (European roller), Lanius senator (woodchat shrike), Merops apiaster (European bee-eater), Monticola saxistilis (Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush), Oenanthe isabellina (Isabelline Wheatear), Oenanthe pleschanka (Pied Wheatear), Passer hispaniolensis (Spanish sparrow). These are all species of high scientific interest, especially because they are rare on Romanian territory, they are adapted to life in special habitats, or reach the limit of this region. Of all mammal species, the protected ones are: Citellus citellus (European ground squirrel), Felis silvestris (wild cat), Putorius eversmanii (masked polecat), Martes foina (beech marten) etc. The surface of the Danube Delta Biosphere Conservation hosts in the 30 types of ecosystems 5,380 flora and fauna species, of these, there are 1,839 flora species, including 678 planktonic algae species, 107 lichen species, 38 macromycete species and 1,016 vascular plant species. There are 3,541 fauna species, including 3,061 invertebrate species (Rotifers – 182, Worms – 253, Mollusks – 91, Crustaceans – 115, Spiders – 168, Diplopods – 8 and Insects– 2,244) and 480 species of vertebrates (Fish – 86 species, Amphibians – 10 species, Reptiles – 11 species, Birds – 331 species, Mammals – 42 species). Of these, 1,382 new species and subspecies were identified (285 plant species and 1,097 animal species) including 294 new species for Romania (35 plant species and 260 animal species) and 39 species new to science (2 plant species and 37 animal species). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||