252 ISLAM BELIEFS AND INSTITUTIONS
Nosairis, 146, 169, etc.; their doctrines, 170, etc.; their sects, 172; initiation, 173, etc.; their festivals, 173; Christian festivals, 173, 174; their liturgy, 174, etc.; secret practice of religion, 175; religious literature, statistics and habitat, 176, 177, 178
Oases of the Hejaz, 4
Oceania and the diffusion of Islam, 221
‘Ola (al-), 4
Old Man of the Mountain (cf. Assassins)
'Oman, 142, 185
'Omar, Caliph, 27, 33, 36, 127
Omayyads, 8, 14, 71, 131, 141, 143
Omma, 199
Ommi, meaning of the word, 21, 28
'Omra, its modalities, 61 (cf. Pilgrimage)
'Othman, Caliph, editor of the Qoran, 38, 39, 41 (cf. Shi'a)
Ottomans (cf. Turkey, Hanifites), 86, 96, 102
'Oyaina, 181
Palestine, 117 (cf. Syria, Holy Land)
Palmyra, 6
Paternoster, the, in the hadith, 72
Persia, 149, 150, 151, 176, 177 (cf. Babism), 221
Personal statute (cf. Marriage), 102, 219
Petra, 6
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Pilgrimage, Muhammad at the, exclusion of Infidels, 34, 61
Pillars, the 'five—of Islam', 56, etc.
Polygamy, 68; and the Modernists, 214
Prayer (cf. Salat)
Printing, authorization of, 179
Processions, 103
Prophets, in the Qoran, 39, 50; and saintliness, 96
Purgatory in the Qoran, 52
Qadarites, 49, 140
Qadi, 102; his jurisdiction, 102, 106
Qadian, 188, 189
Qadiris, 136
Qanun, 92, 216
Qari, Qurra', reciters of the Qoran, their schools, 42,116
Qass, qussas, 72, 116, 117
Qawwal, 134 (cf. Music)
Qibla, 58
Qisas (cf. Retaliation), 92
Qiyas, 83, 86
Qoran, the, it is uncreated, 37; authenticity, 38; editing of, 38, etc.; divisions and present form, 39, etc.; exegesis, 42, etc.; variants, 41, etc., 42; commentaries, 44, etc.; dogma, 48, etc.; Christology, 50, etc.; eschatology, 52, etc.; anachronisms, 39; rhymes, perfection of style, slight inaccuracies, 40–1; extreme conciseness, 41; pre-destination and fatalism, 49; its influence, etc., 55; its 'insuperability', 55; its lacunæ, 66, etc. (cf.
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INDEX 253
Sunna); special prerogative of the books of the, 81; the—and the jurisprudence of Islam, 83; may it be translated? 88; lithography and printing of, 96; and asceticism, 111, 112, 113, 189
Qubba, 19
Qudsi (cf. Hadith), 125
Qunia, 136
Quraish, 13, 14, 25, 26, 96; (cf. Caliphate), 141
Quraiza (Banu), 32
Qyzylbash, 177
Rabbani (Shauqi), 196
Rabi', season of the, 2
Rabbis, 105 (cf. Jews)
Rahman in the Qoran, 46
Rahmanis, 138
Rain, rainy season in Arabia, 2; overthrows the Ka'ba, 2
Ramadan, 60, 89
Ra'y, 83; and the law, 93, etc., 86, 87, 94 (cf. Jurisprudence)
Religion, pre-Islamite, 17, etc.; sacrifices, 18; religious processions, 19
Renan, his opinion of the Arabs, of 'Antar, 6, 8
Renegade, 89
Rest, weekly, unknown, 103
Resurrection in the Qoran, 26, 53
Retaliation, law of, 64
Riba (cf. Usury)
Ribat, 131 (cf. Marabout)
Rida (Muhammad Rashid), 204 (cf. Manar), 211
Rifa'is, 134, 136
Rights of Man, and Islam, 214
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Russia, 200, 203, 221, 223, 225 (cf. Bolshevism)
Sab'iyya (cf. Isma'ilis)
Safavids, 149
Sahabi (cf. Companions)
Sahara, 220
Sahih (cf. Bukhari), the 'two—', 77, 78
Saints in Islam, 96 (cf. Wali)
Saj', 103
Salafiyya, 138, 179, 185, 202, 211, 213, 216, 217, 218, 224
Salamiya, 160
Salat, regulation of, 58; the five daily—, 58; modalities, ordinance, 59; Friday —, 59, etc.; Arabic language and the, 88; the—and the schools, 89, etc.
Salman al-Farisi, 171, 172
Sama' , 120 (cf. Music)
Samaritan, the, in the Qoran, 39
Samarqand, 79
Samarra, 145
Saracens (see Beduins)
Sarat (Mt.), 2
Sari as-Saqati, 116
Satan in the Qoran, 49
Saul, 39
Scripturaries, 48, 50, 55, 62, 89, 90, 111, 201 (cf. Christians, Jews)
Seljuks, 86
Seniority among the Beduins, 12
Senussis, 137
Seven, the number (cf. Druses, Isma'ilis)
Seveners (cf. Isma'ilis)
Seyyid, the, among the Beduins, 11
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254 ISLAM BELIEFS AND INSTITUTIONS
Shadhilis, 136
Shafi'i, 66, 75, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93
Shafi'ites, 95 (cf. Shafi'i), Azhar, centre of the, 100
Shahada, 56
Shahrastani, 140, 208
Shamalis, 172
Shammar, 184
Shar', Shari'a (cf. Jurisprudence)
Shath, 122, 134
Shattaris, 136
Sheikh, the 'two Sheikhs', 77 (cf. Bukhari)
Sheikh al-Jabal (cf. Assassins)
Sheikh al-Islam, 101, 216
Sheikhis, 190
Sherif, 25, 104, 143 (cf. 'Alids)
Shi'a, Shi'as, their hatred of 'Othman, 38, 41; their tradition, 81, etc., 99; their Imam, 99; the 'moderate' or 'laudable', 156
Shi'as, 143, etc.; divergencies between, and the Sunnis, 151, etc.; their traditions, 151, etc.; their exegesis, 152; initiatory sects, 156; extremist, 169
Sikka, 104
Silsila, 131
Sinai, 122
Sins, forgiveness of, 106
Sira of Muhammad, 24
Snouck Hurgronje, 62
Somalia, 185
Souls, their fate after death, 52; the 'Torment of the Tomb', 53
Spain, 84, 85
Sprenger, his remark on the Beduin and the camel, 3
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Statistics, 219; total of Muslim population, 220; re-partition and diffusion 221; of illiteracy in Islam, 222
Subh-i-Azal, 192
Sudan, 220 (cf. Negroes)
Sufism: its exegesis, 45, 95 105, 106; origin, etymology, 114; Christian influence, 114, 115; vocabulary, 115; and love of God, 118; music, 120, 133, etc.; monism and pantheism, 121, etc.; agnostic, 126; the inquisition and, 127, etc.; novitiate, 135; and celibacy, 135; third order, 135; diffusion, 137, etc.
Sumatra, 223
Summaq (Mt.), 163
Sunan, the 'four', 78
Sunna, the, and the Qoran, 65, etc.; of the Prophet, 65, etc.; of the Companions, 68; the hadith and the, 69; the—source of the law, 83
Sunnis, number of, 221 (cf, Sunna)
Suras, 39; Joseph's Sura and the exegesis of the Sufis, 45; Mekkan and Medinese, how they are distinguish-able, 45, etc.
Suyuti, his exegesis of the Qoran, 45, 71, 75
Syria, 32, 34, 86, 105, 129 (cf. Ibn al-'Arabi), 138, 142, 154, 157, 158, 160, 165, 176
Syrians, the, in the Arabian Government, 8 (cf. Syria)
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INDEX 255
Tabari, his commentary of the Qoran, 44; his 'madhhab', 84
Tabi'i, 68
Tabuk, 4, 34
Tafsir of the Qoran, 42, etc.; of the Shi'as, 43, 45; of the Sunnis, its method, chief works, 44, etc.; of the Sufis, 45
Tahara, modalities, 58
Taif, climate, a health resort, 2; Jews at, 21, 27, 34, 184
Taima, 4
Takbir, 59, 89, 152
Takfir, 184, 185
Ta'lim Isma'ili, 157, etc.
Ta'limiyya (cf. Isma'ilis)
Talmud, borrowings from the, in the hadith, 71
Tamim (cf. Infanticide)
Tanta, 136
Tanzimat, 216
Taqiyya, 145, 155, 167
Taqlid, 97, 99
Taqrir, 65, 100
Tariq, 78, 81
Ta’sis, 159
Taurat, 49
Tawaf, 61
Ta’wil of the Shi'as, 99, 147, 152, 163, 190
Tayammum, 58
Tears, gift of, 117 (cf. Bakka’un)
Tekke (cf. Zawia)
Territories forbidden to non-Muslims, 63
Theodicy of Islam, 57, etc., 113
Tijanis, 138
Tirmidhi, collection of his traditions, 78
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Tirmidhi the mystic, 116
Tobacco, 96, 183
Tombs, visits to the, 213; 'Torment of the Tomb', 53
Transjordania, 201
Trench, war of the, 30
Tribe, organization and chief, 11-12
Truces with non-Muslims, their duration, 62
Tunis, 105
Turkestan, 176
Turkey, republican, 101 (cf. Kemalists), 105, 139, 196, (cf. Angora), 201, 215, etc.
Twelvers, 148, etc. (cf. Imamites)
'Ubaidallah, Fatimid Caliph, 157
'Ulema, their role, 94, 101, 102
Umm Habiba, 33
Usulis, 149
Usury and the Qoran, 63; how the prescriptions are evaded, 63–4
Wadi'l Qora, 4, 22
Wadi't-taim, 163, 164
Wahhabis, 62, 86, 94, 101, 105, 113, 137, 138; history, doctrines, 181–4; the—in the Hejaz, 183–4; their wars, 184; their diffusion, 185, 197, 198; the—and the Caliphate, 198, 212
Wajd, 120
Wali, 96, 106 (cf. Marriage); the cult of the, 125; compared to the prophets, 125
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256 ISLAM BELIEFS AND INSTITUTIONS
Walaya of the Shi'as, 146
Waqf, 92, 102
Wine, among the Nosairis, 174, 175
Women and the Friday devotions, 59, 89; inheritance and, 63; women's rights and Islam, 215
Wool, 117 (cf. Sufism)
Yemen, 155
Zahirites, 84, 86, 94, 97, 180, 182
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Zaid, adopted son of Muhammad, 33, 42, 47
Zaid, Imam of the Zaidites; 155
Zaidites, 145, 148, 154, 155; their opinions, 155-6, 178
Zainab, wife of Muhammad, 39
Zakat, 60; the—al-fitr, 89
Zamakhshari, his commentary on the Qoran, 44
Zamzam, 16, 17, 218
Zawia, 131, 138
Zia Gheuk Alp, 218, 219
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