Контрольная работа 1 Для того чтобы правильно выполнить работу 1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. This instrument is preferred to all others because of its great reliability.

2. He has been shown her photo.
б)

1. Next Monday we’ll be working only five hours.

2. The doctor said that an urgent operation was needed.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The sun having risen, they continued their way.

2. The figures mentioned in his report were published in the latest scientific journal.

3. The goods having been loaded, the workers left the port.

4. Driving a car at night he met with an accident.

2. We shall be able to see a number of Chaplin’s films in September.

3. He was allowed to use the mobile equipment.

4. You needn’t keep your activities in secret.

1. Ernest Rutherford was born on August 30, 1871, in New Zealand, in the family of English settlers.

In 1861 gold was found in New Zealand and many foreigners came to live there. Industry began to develop, the country began to increase its export.

Ernest's father earned his living by bridge-building and other construction work required in the country at that period. At the same time he carried on small-scale farming.

2. Little Ernest was the fourth child in the family. When the boy was five he was sent to primary school. After finishing primary school he went to the secondary school. He liked to read at school very much. His favourite writer was Charles Dickens. He also liked to make models of different machines He was particularly interested in watches and cameras, he even constructed a camera himself.

At school he was good at physics, mathematics, English, French and Latin. He paid much attention to chemistry too. Ernest became the best pupil at school. At the age of 19 he finished school and entered the New Zealand University.

3. At the University Ernest Rutherford was one of the most talented students. He worked hard and took an active part in the work of the Scientific Society of the University. But he was also fond of sports and took part in the students' sport competitions.

At one of the meetings of the Scientific Society he made his scientific report "The Evolution of Elements". At the same time he began his research work. For his talented scientific research he got a prize. After graduation Rutherford went to Cambridge where he continued his investigations (исследования).

4. Some years later Rutherford moved to Canada to continue his research work at the University in Montreal. Besides his successful researches he also lectured a lot at the leading Universities of the United States and England.

Rutherford's famous work "The Scattering (распространение) of Alpha and Beta Particles of Matter and the Structure of the Atom" proved that the atom could be bombarded so that the electrons could be thrown off, and the nucleus (ядро) itself could be broken. In the process of splitting the nucleus matter was converted into energy, which for the scientists of the 19th century seemed unbelievable.

1. In what subjects did Ernest distinguish himself (отличился)?

2. How did Ernest Rutherford's father earn his living?

3. What did Rutherford do besides research work?

4. In what activities did Rutherford take part when he was a student?
Вариант 5

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. The results of the last experiment were constantly reffered to by the professor.

2. He cut himself while he was repairing his car.
б)

1. The light has just changed from green to red.

2. The commission will consider this offer carefully before accepting it.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Waiting for him I looked through the magazines lying on the table.

2. He lay on the sofa reading a newspaper.

3. He left the office at three o’clock, saying he would be back at five.

4. A person bringing good news is always welcome.

2. You are to write you name at the top of the paper.

3. He must leave early in the morning.

4. You should take a taxi if you don’t want to be late for the concert.

1. Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire, a scientist who cared for literature, an industrialist who managed to remain an idealist He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad when remained alone. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone in a foreign country. He invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peacetime industries of mining and road building, but saw it used as a weapon of war to kill and injure people. During his useful life he often felt he was useless. World-famous for his works, he was never personally well-known, for while he lived he avoided publicity. He never expected any reward for what he had done. He once said that he did not see that he had deserved any fame and that he had no taste for it. However, since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.

2. He was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833 but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Emmanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Emmanuel Nobel invented the landmine and got plenty of money for it from government orders during the Crimean War, but then, quite suddenly went bankrupt. Most of the family went back to Sweden in 1859. Four years later Alfred returned there too, beginning his own study of explosives in his father's laboratory. It so occurred that he had never been to school or University but had studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skilful chemist and excellent linguist having mastered Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. Like his father, Alfred Nobel was imaginative and inventive, but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense. He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.

3. But Nobel was never really concerned about making money or even making scientific discoveries. Seldom happy, he was always searching for a meaning to life, and from his youth had taken a serious interest in literature and philosophy. Probably because he could not find ordinary human love -he never married - he began to care deeply about the whole mankind. He took every opportunity to help the poor: he used to say that he would rather take care of the stomachs of the living than the glory of the dead in the form of stone memorials. His greatest wish, however, was to see an end to wars, and thus peace between nations; and he spent much time and money working for the cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, economics, literature and promotion of world peace is a memorial to his interests and ideals. And so the man who often believed that he was useless and had done little to justify his life is remembered and respected long after his death. Nobel's ideals which he expressed long before the threat of nuclear war have become the ideals of all progressive people of the world.

4. According to Nobel's will the capital was to be safely invested to form a fund. The interest on this fund is to be distributed annually in the form of prizes to those who, during the previous year did work of the greatest use to mankind within the field of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, economics, literature and to the person who has done the most for brotherhood between nations, for the abolition or reduction of permanent armies and for the organization and encouragement of peace conferences.

5. In his will Nobel wrote that it was his firm wish that in choosing the prize winner no consideration should be given to the nationality of the candidates, but that the most worthy should receive the prize, whether he be a Scandinavian or not. This will was written in Paris, on November 27, 1895.

Since Nobel's death many outstanding scientists, writers and public figures from different countries have become Nobel prize winners.

NOTES TO THE TEXT

landmine - мина, фугас

went bankrupt - обанкротился

interest - зд. процент
V. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. Why did Alfred Nobel invent a new explosive, dynamite?

2. What languages did Nobel master?

3. What was Nobel’s greatest wish?

4. Who can get Nobel’s prize?
Вариант 6

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. The work of this student was paid attention to.

2. They are organizing this kind of work at their laboratory.
б)

1. The report will be followed by a discussion.

2. I have attended lectures on history since May.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. People living in Japan have some customs different from ours.

2. He heard the voices coming through the open window.

3. They remained at home refusing to go anywhere that day.

4. The channel linking the two seas is being built now.

2. He was to stay at the office until the report was ready.

3. You will have to repeat the material of the lectures before the examination.

4. Can you tell me where she lives?

1. Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh in 1847. His father was a world-famous teacher of speech and the inventor of a system which he called "Visible Speech". It helped deaf (глухой) persons to pronounce words they could not hear. Alexander chose the same profession, and as his father became a teacher of the deaf, he moved to the United States and began to teach deaf children to speak. At the same time he worked at improving his father's invention.

2. In 1866, the nineteen-year-old Bell started thinking about sending tones (звуки) by telegraph. It was then that there came to his mind the idea of the "harmonic telegraph", which would send musical tones electrically from one place to another. Bell was not a scientist. So he had to give all his energy and time to one thing only - knowledge of electricity. There was little time for rest and little time to eat. Hour after hour, day and night he and his friend Watson worked at testing and experimenting with the telephone. Sometimes it worked and sometimes it did not.

"We have to do something to make our telephone work better," Bell used to say again and again.

At last they decided to try a new kind of transmitter (микрофон). The new transmitter was set (устанавливать) in Bell's bedroom. Watson was sitting in the laboratory. He put his ear to the receiver (трубка) and was waiting. Suddenly he heard Bell's voice. And not the voice only but the words too.

"Mr. Watson, come here. I want you."

It was on the 10th of March, 1876. Alexander Graham Bell had invented the telephone.

3. In a few years there were telephones all over the world. In 1915, the first transcontinental telephone line was opened. Graham Bell, a very old man now, sat in New York at a desk with a telephone before him, while his friend Watson was listening more than three hundred thousand miles away in San Francisco. People were interested what speech Bell had prepared for that great day, on which the telephone invented by him was to carry sound from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific.

4. Bell was sitting in a big hall; there were many people in it. Everyone expected to hear a serious, scientific speech. Suddenly everybody heard his clear voice as he spoke into his old transmitter, "Mr. Watson, come here. I want you." He repeated the words which he had said almost forty years ago. Much to the amusement (удовольствие) of the people Watson answered, "I would be glad to come, but it would take me a week."

1. What helped deaf persons to pronounced words they could not hear?

2. What did Alexander Graham Bell and his friend Watson work at hour after hour day and night?

3. When was first transcontinental telephone line opened?

4. What did Bell say on the opening of this time?
Вариант 7

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. She looked after her little sister when her mother was at work.

2. The academic year is divided into two terms.
б)

1. At the end of May the students will be preparing for their examinations.

2. They haven’t received any good results.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. A balsa tree found in South America is lighter than any other.

2. The explanation given was not complete.

3. The new materials recommended for bridge construction were described in the article written by our professor.

4. The results received were of great importance for further work.

2. You should influence your friend. He is not studying the way he should.

3. You may go away now; I shall finish the work myself.

4. We were to meet at the station at six.

1. Albert Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of our age, yet in his childhood he was slow, shy and backward. He found it extremely difficult to learn even to talk.

2. Later he became one of the most famous men in the world. The Theory of Relativity brought him fame on five continents. Yet, he led a very simple sort of life, went around in old clothes, and seldom wore a hat. He said that he did not care for fame or riches. The captain of a transatlantic ship once offered Einstein the most expensive rooms on the ship; Einstein refused and said he would rather travel on deck than accept any special favours (привилегия).

3. Einstein impressed everybody as being a very happy man. He said he was happy because he didn't want anything from anybody. He didn't want money or titles or praise. He made his own happiness out of such simple things as his work, his violin and his boat. Einstein's violin brought him more joy than anything else in life. He said he often thought in music.

4. Einstein's Theory of Relativity, which seemed a flight of imagination (полет воображения) to many at first, is now the cornerstone of modern physics. Many physical phenomena could never be explained without the Theory of Relativity.

Einstein said that there were only twelve people living who understood his Theory of Relativity, although more than nine hundred books had been written trying to explain it.

He himself explained relativity by this very simple illustration. "When you sit with a nice girl for an hour, you think it is only a minute; but when you sit on a hot stove for a minute, you think it is an hour. Well, well - so that's relativity. It sounds all right to me; but if you don't believe me and would like to try it out, I'll be glad to sit with the girl if you'll sit on the stove."

5. Mrs. Einstein said that even she didn't understand the Theory of Relativity; but she understood something that is more important for a wife; she understood her husband.

Mrs. Einstein said that her husband liked order in his thinking, but he didn't like it in his living. He did whatever he wanted to, whenever he wanted to; he had only two rules of conduct (поведение). The first was: don't have any rules whatever. And the second was: be independent of the opinions (мнение) of others.
V. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1. By what illustration did Einstein explain his Theory of Relativity?

2. What two rules of conduct did Einstein have?

3. What brought Einstein more joy than anything else?

4. What kind of life did Einstein lead?
Контрольная работа 3

Чтобы правильно выполнить работу 3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Грамматические функции и значения слов that, one, it.

2. Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видовременных форм Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect.

3. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do.

4. Простые неличные формы глагола. Инфинитив в функции а) подлежащего, б) составной части сказуемого, в) определения, г) обстоятельства цели.

5. Словообразование.

Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений.

Present Perfect Passive

coldly — холодно; coldness — холодность

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

2. He had never been to doctors.

3. The children of Sparta were given a military education.

4. A new library will be opened in our district next week.

2. I am afraid that he has fallen ill.

3. I shall have to buy a new coat for myself and another one for my sister.
III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. You have to go to the dentist’s today.

2. Did you speak to him? – No, I didn’t.

3. You are to go straight to your room.

4. She has come home.

2. The children were too excited to behave calmly.

3. In this area there are o monuments to speak of.

4. Dalton’s atomic theory was the first to make successful use of the old Greek theory of atoms in chemistry.

VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1 и 3.

1. In technically developed countries the building industry, comprising skilled and unskilled workers in many trades, building engineers and architects, managerial staff and designers employs a considerable proportion of the available labour force.

Building industry including residential public and industrial construction holds a considerable place in the National Economy and is being carried on a large scale. It is the largest single industry in the country. The problems of construction have grown into major, political issues in most countries.

2. The ever growing housing demands have brought to life new methods of construction with great emphasis upon standardization, new levels of technological advance utilizing such techniques as offsite prefabrication, precutting, use of reinforced concrete panels and large-scale site planning. At present, prefabricated structures and precast elements may be classified into two principal groups—for residential houses and industrial buildings.

3. Present-day designs for residential construction envisage all modern amenities for a dwelling, they advocate larger, better built and better equipped flats and houses. There is a marked improvement in the heating and ventilating systems as well as in hot; water supply, kitchen and sanitary fittings. Many tenants now can afford better furnishings, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. A house which is a physical environment where a family develops is acquiring a new and modern look.

Industrial buildings comprise another significant type of construction. This type of construction involves factories, laboratories, food processing plants, mines, office buildings, stores, garages, hangars and other storage facilities, exhibitions halls, etc.

4. Each of these functions demands its own structural solution and techniques. But in general they may be divided into two classes according to whether the plan must give greater attention to the size and movement of machinery or of persons. The building techniques (by techniques we mean building materials and methods) depend upon the types of buildings.

Modern industrial buildings have demonstrated the advantages of reinforced concrete arches, metal frames, glass walls and prefabricated standardized mass produced parts. Steel was gradually substituted for iron and permitted wider rooms and larger windows. Windows can be enlarged to the extent that they constitute a large fraction of the wall area.

1. What is the largest single industry in the country?

2. How may prefabricated structures and precast elements be classified?

3. What can many tenants afford now?

4. What was steel gradually substituted for?