Контрольная работа 1 Для того чтобы правильно выполнить работу 1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. Those who wish to become teachers spend three years at a teachers’ training college.

2. Most of the universities provide hostels for their students.

3. The history teacher tells us many interesting things.
II. Замените выделенные жирным шрифтом слова личными местоимениями и переведите предложения
1. The Parkers will have a picnic lunch in the country on Sunday.

2. My parents met my friend and me at the station.

3. The mother wants to buy some toys, because her sons have a birthday tomorrow.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. The hydroelectric station on our river is as powerful as that station.

2. His radio set is not so powerful as mine.

3. My cigarettes are worse than yours.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. There are not any conveniences in the house.

2. He saw nobody.

3. He didn’t tell me anything.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык
1. The other day I visited my friends and ate pork there.

2. We rarely watch television.

3. I’ll take the letter to the post-office myself.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 2 и 4.
Пояснения к тексту:

AD (Anno Domini) - новая эра (после Рождества Христова);

in. AD 43 — in forty three Anno Domini;

in AD 410 — in four hundred and ten Anno Domini 1066 ten-sixty-six или ten hundred and sixty six.

London

1. London began as a Roman settlement in AD 43 and grew rapidly into a large market town. After the Romans left in AD 410 the town declined because the new conquerors, Anglo-Saxons, lived in small farming communities.

3. The National Gallery houses a marvellous collection of over 2,200 European paintings from the 13^th to the 20^th centuries.

Of the many beautiful churches and cathedrals in London, Westminster Abbey is perhaps the most important.

The Tower of London has a fascinating past as a royal residence, armoury and treasury.

Nearby is Tower Bridge, the only bridge in London whose roadway rises to allow ships to pass through. Inside is an entertaining exhibition bringing the history of its construction and engineering to life.

4. Today, London is a huge metropolis, an ancient and ever changing city. Most Londoners as well as tourists agree with Samuel Jonson, who once said, "When a man is tired of London he is tired of life".

VIII. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 2 словосочетания, в которых определения выражены существительными, и переведите их на русский язык.

IX. Выпишите из абзацев 2 и 3 предложения, в которых встречаются модальные глаголы, и переведите их на русский язык.

X. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 2 предложения со словами one и it и переведите их на русский язык.

XI. Прочитайте следующие предложения; перепишите и переведите письменно предложение, которое правильно передает содержание текста:

1. London consists of many parts and they are all very different from each other.

2. London doesn’t consist of many parts.
Вариант 7

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:

а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite

б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
1. She knows four foreign languages.

2. She always takes a walk in the evening so as to sleep better.

3. My brother’s working day begins at 9 o’clock in the morning.
II. Замените выделенные жирным шрифтом слова личными местоимениями и переведите предложения
1. Pete likes to tell his friends about his children.

2. Ann will ask her brother to get me this dictionary.

3. Nick always goes there with his wife and his son.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.
1. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

2. My coat is as warm as yours.

3. This boy is the youngest in his class.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.
1. If you find anything interesting in this magazine, send it to me, please.

2. Someone left the door open.

3. Nothing is known about it yet.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык
1. Every schoolboy knows this rule.

2. There were a lot of flowers in front of each house.

3. At this time tomorrow I’ll already be in Kiev.
VI. Прочтите и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите абзацы 1, 3, 5.
MOSCOW, THE CAPITAL OF RUSSIA

1. In the early 19th century the prominent Russian historian Nikolay Karamzin said: "If you want to know Russia go to Moscow." By the end of the 20th century we have every reason to repeat these words.

It is the city where every stone breathes history.

2. Moscow was founded in 1147 by the Prince of Suzdal, Jury Dolgoruky. Although there were settlements on the site of modern city long before 1147, this was the year when Moscow was first mentioned in the written records. Moscow has the priority right to be the capital of the Russian State. Its wise founder built it in the middle of a densely populated country. It is protected by rivers and a fortress.

Moscow, like ancient Rome, stands on seven hills. The principle is the Borovitsky, the hill on which the Kremlin stands.

3. Moscow's early architecture was simple but expressive. The larger part of the city was occupied by private houses made of wood. But such city's structures as fortress walls, bridges, churches and cathedrals were made of brick and white stone decorated with ceramic.

4. Large-scale stone construction was performed during the reign of Catherine the Great. Several first-class foreign architects were invited to build a number of architectural monuments in Western style.

5. In 1812 during Napoleon's invasion a terrible fire raged in the city for several days. It was calculated that more than 7,000 buildings were destroyed and the city's central area was completely gone. This disaster, however, prompted a real housing boom. Standard projects had to be used to facilitate rapid restoration of the city and preserve the city's architectural uniformity. This task was successfully carried out. As a result a great number of stone houses with much better facilities appeared in the city. They were completely different from those of the previous years.

6. As the time passed, the city's boundaries expanded considerably. New dwelling districts and industrial enterprises were built on the outskirts of the city.
VII. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 2, 3, 4 и 5 предложения со словами, оформленными окончанием -s, и переведите их на русский язык.

VIII. Выпишите из абзацев 2, 3, 4, 5 и 6 словосочетания, в которых определения выражены существительными, и переведите их на русский язык.

IX. Выпишите из абзацев 3 и 5 предложения, содержащие формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык.

X. Выпишите из абзацев 1, 2 и 5 предложения со словом it и переведите их на русский язык.

XI. Прочитайте следующие предложения; перепишите и переведите письменно предложение, которое правильно передает содержание текста:

1. Moscow is rich in its history.

2. Moscow isn’t rich in its history.
Контрольная работа 2

Для того чтобы правильно выполнить работу 2, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Видо-временные формы глагола: а) активный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future); формы Continuous (Present, Past, Future); формы Perfect (Present, Past, Future); б) пассивный залог – формы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future).

Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.

2. Модальные глаголы: а) выражающие возможность: can (could), may и эквивалент глагола can – to be able; б) выражающие долженствование: must, его эквиваленты to have to и to be to; should.

3. Простые неличные формы глагола: Participle I (Present Participle), Participle II (Past Participle) в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Gerund – герундий, простые формы.

4. Определительные и дополнительные придаточные обстоятельственные предложения времени и условия.

5. Интернациональные слова.

Используйте следующие образцы выполнения упражнений.
Образец выполнения 1 (к упр. I)

a) Lobachevsky’s had revolutionized mathematics and the philosophy of science.	Геометрия Лобачевского произвела коренное изменение в математике и философии науки.
had revolutionized – Past Perfect Active от глагола to revolutionize
b) The new laboratory equipment was sent for yesterday.	Вчера послали за новым оборудованием лаборатории.
was sent for – Past Indefinite Passive от глагола to send

Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)

1. The changes affecting the composition of materials are called chemical changes	Изменения, влияющие на состав материалов, называются химическими изменениями.
Affecting – Participle I, определение
2. When heated to the boiling point water evaporates	Когда воду нагревают до точки кипения, она испаряется. (или: При нагревании до точки кипения вода испаряется)
(When) heated – Participle II, обстоятельство
3. Heat is radiated by the Sun to the Earth.	Тепло излучается Солнцем на Землю.
Radiated – Participle II, составная часть видовременной формы Present Indefinite Passive от глагола to radiate

Вариант 1

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. He was shown the way to the station.

2. The students’ compositions will be corrected by the teacher.
б)

1. Where have you put my dictionary?

2. Mr. D has come. He is waiting for you downstairs.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The article on agriculture published in this magazine was written by Smirnov.

2. The boy playing in the garden is my sister’s son.

3. What do you call a ship built for the transportation of timber?

4. You can get the book recommended by our teacher in the library.

2. Some mistakes must have been made in assembling the parts of the machine.

3. Did you have to get up early yesterday?

4. You shouldn’t begin a new book if you haven’t finished reading this book.

1. Marie Curie was born in Warsaw on 7 November, 1867. Her father was a teacher of science and mathematics in a school in the town, and from him little Maria Sklodowska - which was her Polish name - learned her first lessons in science. Maria's wish was to study at the Sorbonne in Paris, and after many years of waiting she finally left her native land in 1891.

2. In Paris Maria began a course of hard study and simple living. She determined to work for two Master's degrees - one in Physics, the other in Mathematics. Thus she had to work twice as hard as the ordinary student. Yet she had scarcely enough money to live on. She lived in the poorest quarter of Paris. Night after night, after her hard day's work at the University, she got to her poorly furnished room and worked at her books steadily for hours. Sometimes she had no more than a bag of cherries. Though she was often weak and ill, she worked in this way for four years. She had chosen her course and nothing could turn her from it.

3. Among the many scientists Maria met and worked with in Paris was Pierre Curie. Pierre Curie, born in 1859 in Paris, was the son of a doctor, and from early childhood he had been fascinated by science.

At sixteen he was a Bachelor of Science, and he took his Master's degree in Physics when he was eighteen: When he met Maria Sklodowska he was thirty-five years old and was famous throughout Europe for his discoveries in magnetism. But in spite of the honour he had brought to France by his discoveries, the French Government could only give him a very little salary as a reward, and the University of Paris refused him a laboratory of his own for his researches.

4. Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska, both of whom loved science more than anything else, very soon became the closest friends. They worked together constantly and discussed many problems of their researches. After little more than a year they fell in love with each other, and in 1895 Maria Sklodowska became Mme. Curie. Theirs was not only to be a very happy marriage but also one of the greatest scientific partnerships.

Marie had been the greatest woman-scientist of her day but she was a mother too, a very loving one. There were their two little girls, Irene and Eve.

5. By this time Mme. Curie had obtained her Master's degree in Physics and Mathematics, and was busy with researches on steel. She now wished to obtain a Doctor's degree. For this it was necessary to offer to the examiners a special study, called a thesis.

science - зд. естественные науки

thesis - зд. диссертация

pitchblende - уранит (урановая смолка)

1. What was the father of Maria Sklodowska (Curie)?

2. Why did Maria have to work twice as hard as the ordinary student?

3. How old was Pierre Curie when he took his Master’s degree?

4. When did Maria Sklodowska become Mme. Curie?
Вариант 2

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. The buyers were granted a credit of six months.

2. The steamer will be unloaded tomorrow.
б)

1. He couldn’t speak because he was dying of laugh.

2. They had finished painting the ceiling by two o’clock.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The books lying on the table belong to Ann

2. The textile goods produced by the factory are in great demand.

3. He asked her to go on with her story, promising not to interrupt her again.

4. Not receiving any letters from her father, she sent him a telegram.

2. I am sorry; I ought to have phoned to tell you I was coming.

3. The policeman told the woman she needn’t worry.

4. Could I speak to Jane, please?

1. For some time Pierre Curie had been interested in the work of a French scientist named Becquerel. There is a rare metal called uranium which, as Becquerel discovered, emits rays very much like X-rays. These rays made marks on a photographic plate when it was wrapped in black paper. The Curies got interested in these rays of uranium. What caused them? How strong were they? There were many such questions that puzzled Marie Curie and her husband. Here, they decided, was the very subject for Marie's Doctor's thesis.

2. The research was carried out under great difficulty. Mme. Curie had to use an old store-room at the University as her laboratory - she was refused a better room. It was cold; there was no proper apparatus and very little space for research work. Soon she discovered that the rays of uranium were like no other known rays.

3. Marie Curie wanted to find out if other chemical substances might emit similar rays. So she began to examine every known chemical substance. Once after repeating her experiments time after time she found that a mineral called pitchblende emitted much more powerful rays than any she had already found.

Now, an element is a chemical substance which so far as is known cannot be split up into other substances. As Mme. Curie had examined every known chemical element and none of them had emitted such powerful rays as pitchblende she could only decide that this mineral must contain some new element.

4. Scientists had declared that every element was already known to them. But all Mme. Curie's experiments pointed out that it was not so. Pitchblende must contain some new and unknown element. There was no other explanation for the powerful rays which it emitted. At that moment Pierre Curie stopped his own investigations on the physics of crystals and joined his wife in her effort to find those more active unknown chemical elements.

5. Scientists call the property of giving out such rays "radioactivity", and Mme. Curie decided to call the new element "radium", because it was more strongly radioactive than any known metal.

In 1903 Marie and Pierre together with Henry Becquerel were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.

In 1911 Marie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. But the second prize went to her alone for in 1906 Pierre had died tragically in a traffic accident.

Mme. Sklodowska-Curie, the leading woman-scientist, the greatest woman of her generation, has become the first person to receive a Nobel Prize twice.

science - зд. естественные науки

thesis - зд. диссертация

pitchblende - уранит (урановая смолка)

1. What did Becquerel discover?

2. What did Marie want to find out?

3. What did all Mme. Curie’s experiments point out?

4. Why was Mme. Sklodowska – Curie the greatest woman of her generation?
Вариант 3

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. The latest surgical instruments were used during this unique operation.

2. By that time we had already changed our plans.
б)

1. Before the experiment the substances are mixed in a large cup.

2. When he met me I was walking to the Institute and had little time to talk to him.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The professor told the students about the experiments being carried out in the laboratory.

2. Having looked through all the documents and letters received that day he called his secretary.

3. She showed us a list of the newly published books.

4. Lake Baikal, known to be the deepest in the world, is fed by 336 rivers.

2. When are we to visit the laboratories of the Institute?

3. He has to investigate a series of accidents that have occurred in the locality during the last three months.

4. You can see this old film in one cinema only.

1. For over 200 years, Madame Tussaud's exhibition of wax figures has been one of Britain's most popular attractions. The exhibition has constantly developed and now visitors can see the world's public figures, including men and women who have made a lasting impact on our lives, Kings and Queens, great statesmen, religious leaders, superstars past and present who have become legends.

2. But the story of Madame Tussaud is as impressive as her exhibition. Two things about her are especially interesting. First, she spent her early years in the turmoil of the French Revolution and came to meet many of its characters, and perhaps more unusually, she succeeded in business at a time when women were seldom involved in the world of commerce.

Madame Tussaud whose first name is Marie was born in France in 1761. Her father, a soldier, was killed in battle two months before her birth. She lived with the mother who worked as a housekeeper for the doctor who had a wonderful skill of modelling anatomical subjects in wax. Soon Marie and her mother with the doctor Curtius moved to Paris.

3. France was approaching the Revolution. Dr. Curtius's house became a meeting place of philosophers, writers and revolutionaries. Marie soon discovered she had a talent for observation and remembering the details of faces.

Dr. Curtius acted as a teacher to Marie, schooling her in the techniques of wax portraits. Thanks to him she used a scientific approach in wax portraiture. She was soon allowed to model the great figures of the time. Among them were Francois Voltaire and the American statesman Benjamin Franklin. Dr. Curtius's exhibition was patronized by the French Royal family and Marie was invited to the Royal Court.

4. At the time of the revolution Marie and her mother were imprisoned for some time. Later Marie was asked to prepare the death masks of French aristocrats who had been executed - among them the King and the Queen.

The time of terror came to an end. In 1794 the doctor died and Marie inherited the business which had grown under her influence.

In the following years she married a French engineer, Francois Tussaud and by 1800 had given birth to three children: a daughter who died and two sons. It was difficult for the exhibition to survive in France and in 1802 Marie Tussaud made a monumental decision. She would leave her husband and baby son in Paris while she and her elder son would tour the exhibition round the British Isles.

5. Marie was to see neither France nor her husband again. She spent the next 33 years travelling in Great Britain. Later her other son joined her. Both of her sons were interested in the business. The travels ended in 1835 when Madame Tussaud's exhibition found a permanent home in London. Since that there have been fires and disasters but many new figures have been added to the collection. This unusual woman died in 1884 at the age of 89.

1. What has been one of the Britain’s most popular attractions for over 200 years?

2. Who acted as a teacher to Marie?

3. What was Marie asked to prepare?

4. What decision did Marie Tussaud make?