Key Threatening Process Nomination Form

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7.ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES THAT COULD BECOME ELIGIBLE FOR LISTING AND JUSTIFICATION

Provide details and justification of non-EPBC Act listed ecological communities that, due to the impact of the key threatening process, could become eligible for listing in any category. For each ecological community please include:

the complete title (published or otherwise generally accepted), category it could become eligible for listing in;
data on the current status in relation to the criteria for listing;
specific information on how the threatening process threatens this ecological community; and
information on the extent to which the threat could change the status of the ecological community in relation to the criteria for listing.

Common Name	Category it could become listed in	Data on Current status	Specific Information on how KTP threatens species	Information on the extent to which the threat could change the status of the species in relation to the criteria for listing	IUCN category under which it could become listed through ongoing invasion and threats of Buffel Grass	Reference / Information
Desert Rivers of the Central Ranges and Finke region	Vulnerable	In a state of rapid decline due to invasion of feral animals and plants	Desert rivers of the Central Ranges and the Finke River system are threatened by the invasion of buffel grass, which initially colonises in the ephemeral creek beds, from where it spreads out to surrounding areas. Uncontrolled, hot wildfires from this buffel grass invasion then destroys significant Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis woodlands which are important habitat for birds and mammals.	Uncontrolled spread of buffel grass will cause a rapid decline in desert river systems	Vulnerable

Criterion B: Listing in a higher category of endangerment

8.SPECIES THAT COULD BECOME ELIGIBLE FOR LISTING IN A HIGHER CATEGORY OF ENDANGERMENT AND JUSTIFICATION

Provide details and justification of EPBC Act listed threatened species that, due to the impacts of the threatening process, could become eligible for listing in another category representing a higher degree of endangerment. For each species please include:

the scientific name, common name (if appropriate), category that the item is currently listed in and the category it could become eligible for listing in;
data on the current status in relation to the criteria for listing (at least one criterion for the current listed category has been previously met);
specific information on how the threatening process significantly threatens this species; and
information on the extent to which the threat could change the status of the species in relation to the criteria for listing. This does not have to be the same criterion under which the species was previously listed.

Species Scientific Name	Common Name	Current Listing Category	Category it could become eligible for listing	Data on Current status	Specific Information on how KTP threatens species	Information on the extent to which the threat could change the status of the species in relation to the criteria for listing	IUCN category under which it could become listed through ongoing invasion and threats of Buffel Grass	Reference / Information
Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges Race	Black-footed rock-wallaby / Warru	Vulnerable	Endangered	Declining populations across its range.	Buffel grass promotes hot wildfires which can destroy fire sensitive vegetation on which warru rely, such as Figs (Ficus) and Spearbush (Pandorea sp.). Uncontrolled spread of buffel grass will threaten remaining populations of warru	Uncontrolled buffel grass encroachment on warru habitat and associated negative impacts could see a population size reduction of > 50% over the next ten years	Endangered: A.3	Warru Recovery Plan (Read and Ward 2011)
Liopholis slateri slateri	Slater's Skink	Endangered	Critically Endangered	Very few remaining populations. Restricted to alluvial plains in central areas of the MacDonnell region of the Northern Territory. Total population thought to be 200-300 individuals	Reduced food and feeding success in buffel dominated habitats. Increase in fire frequency.	Uncontrolled buffel grass invasion could see population size drop to fewer than 250 mature individuals and a continuing decline in numbers of mature individuals and no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 50 mature individuals	Critically Endangered: C.2.a.(i)	http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/wildlife/animals/threatened/pdf/herps/egernia_slateri_en.pdf
Liopholis slateri virgata	Liopholis slateri virgata	Endangered	Critically Endangered	Only known from four individuals and not seen since 1914	Reduced food and feeding success in buffel dominated habitats. Increase in fire frequency.	Uncontrolled buffel grass invasion could see population size drop to fewer than 250 mature individuals and a continuing decline in numbers of mature individuals and no subpopulation estimated to contain more than 50 mature individuals	Critically Endangered: C.2.a.(i)
Liopholis kintorei	Tjakura / Great Desert Skink	Vulnerable	Endangered	Seven isolated populations spread across WA, NT and South Australia totalling approximately 6000 individuals	Ongoing spread of buffel grass will change the structure of preferred open feeding grounds of Tjakura, as well as promoting frequent wildfires which will completely change the structure of preferred vegetation.	Uncontrolled spread of buffel grass could see a reduction in population size over >50% over the next ten years.	Endangered: A.3	National Recovery Plan http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/great-desert-skink/index.html

Species Scientific Name	Common Name	Current Listing Category	Category it could become eligible for listing	Data on Current status	Specific Information on how KTP threatens species	Information on the extent to which the threat could change the status of the species in relation to the criteria for listing	IUCN category under which it could become listed through ongoing invasion and threats of Buffel Grass	Reference / Information
Stipiturs mallee	Mallee Emu-wren	Endangered	Critically Endangered	Few remaining populations. Extent of occurrence estimated at The extent of occurrence is conservatively estimated at 3856 km² and declining very rapidly. Estimated population size 1440 to 2814 mature individuals and declining rapidly	Mallee Emu-wrens are restricted to Triodia and heath of particular age since fire. The invasion of buffel grass on the sandy country in which they live would result in an increase in fire frequency and replacement of native vegetation with buffel grass which is inappropriate for mallee emu-wrens replacement by buffel will remove habitat	An uncontrolled infestation of buffel grass with associated wildfire in the primary distribution in western Victoria could see could see population size reduced rapidly to fewer than 250 individuals and a continuing decline with no subpopulations estimated to contain more than 50 mature individuals	Critically Endangered: C.2.a.(i)	http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/59459-conservation-advice.pdf
Notomys fuscus	Dusky Hopping Mouse	Vulnerable	Endangered	Has a restricted distribution to refuges during dry periods.	The refuges of the dusky hopping-mouse are in fire sensitive habitats which will be destroyed with the large fires that buffel grass monocultures can carry. The distribution of the dusky hopping-mouse corresponds with highly suitable buffel grass habitat, particularly along the ephemeral creeklines of the channel country.	The invasion of buffel grass into refuge habitats and subsequent negative effects could see an observed population size reduction of >50% over a ten year period.	Endangered: A.3	http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/125-conservation-advice.pdf
Croitana aestival	Desert Sand Skipper	Endangered	Critically Endangered	Four records. The extent of occurrence for the Desert Sand-skipper estimated to be less than 100 km²	The spread of Buffel Grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is expected to have degraded the habitat at all known locations and it is believed this will lead to the continued decline of the species (Braby et al. 2007; TSSC 2006v) through loss of their native grass larval food plants.	The invasion of buffel grass into Desert Sand Skipper habitat could see the area of occupancy reduced to less than 10km2 and a continuing decline	Critically Endangered: B.2.b.(ii)	http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/wildlife/animals/threatened/pdf/inverts/desert_sandskipper_EN.pdf.

Species Scientific Name	Common Name	Current Listing Category	Category it could become eligible for listing	Data on Current status	Specific Information on how KTP threatens species	Information on the extent to which the threat could change the status of the species in relation to the criteria for listing	IUCN category under which it could become listed through ongoing invasion and threats of Buffel Grass	Reference / Information
Olearia macdonnellensis	NA	Vulnerable	Endangered	Confined to the MacDonnell Ranges Bioregion where it is currently known from several isolated populations, mainly in the central-western portion of the MacDonnell Ranges. Total area of occupancy is estimated to be < 20 km2. All populations are considered necessary for its long-term survival and recovery. Buffel grass listed in Recovery Plan as key threat.	Olearia macdonnellensis is likely killed by fire and recovery time requires low fire frequencies. The invasion of buffel grass is likely to increase the threat of fire and these populations. Once established, buffel-grass has the ability to negatively affect both M. tridens and O. macdonnellensis directly through resource competition. This is likely to be especially intense at early life stages, leading to heightened recruitment failure if germination and establishment requirements can no longer be met. O. macdonnellensis would be particularly affected if, like many of its congeners, it has a light requirement for germination. Both species are additionally potentially threatened by increased fire intensity and frequency in severely affected sites. Buffel-grass produces large amounts of biomass which, when dried, represents a significant increase in site fuel load.	An uncontrolled infestation of buffel grass within the known population could see an Area of Occupancy of less than 500km2 and a continuing decline in extent of occurrence and area of occupancy	Endangered: B. 2. b (i)	http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/pubs/daisies-flannel-flower.pdf
Minuria tridens	Minnie Daisy	Vulnerable	Endangered	Minuria tridens is restricted to approximately 20 scattered populations on south facing slops of the MacDonnell Ranges IBRA region. Area of Occupancy less than 2000km2	Minuria tridens is threatened by the invasion of the exotic perennial grass Cenchrus ciliaris (buffel grass) into core habitat areas. The Alice Springs Municipality sites are most severely affected. Once established, buffel-grass has the ability to negatively affect both M. tridens and O. macdonnellensis directly through resource competition. This is likely to be especially intense at early life stages, leading to heightened recruitment failure if germination and establishment requirements can no longer be met. O. macdonnellensis would be particularly affected if, like many of its congeners, it has a light requirement for germination. Both species are additionally potentially threatened by increased fire intensity and frequency in severely affected sites. Buffel-grass produces large amounts of biomass which, when dried, represents a significant increase in site fuel load.	Uncontrolled buffel grass invasion could see Area of occupancy reduce to less than 500 km2 and continuing decline in extent of occurrence and area of occupancy	B.2.b.i.ii.	http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/pubs/daisies-flannel-flower.pdf

Species Scientific Name	Common Name	Current Listing Category	Category it could become eligible for listing	Data on Current status	Specific Information on how KTP threatens species	Information on the extent to which the threat could change the status of the species in relation to the criteria for listing	IUCN category under which it could become listed through ongoing invasion and threats of Buffel Grass	Reference / Information
Acacia undoolyana	Sickled-leaf wattle	Vulnerable	Endangered	Endemic to a small part of the East MacDonnell Ranges. A restricted area of occupancy of <2000 km2. Extent of occurrence <20 000 km2. A continuing and inferred decline due to an increase in fire frequency	Acacia undoolyana is sensitive to fire and requires low fire frequencies, and is therefore threatened by increased fire intensity and frequency from buffel grass fires.	Uncontrolled buffel grass invasion could see Area of occupancy reduce to less than 500 km2 and continuing decline in extent of occurrence and area of occupancy	B.2.b.i.ii.	http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/wildlife/animals/threatened/pdf/plants/Acacia_undoolyana_VU.pdf
Acacia latzii	Latz's wattle	Vulnerable	Endangered	Endemic to the Finke bioregion where it is restricted to two areas about 200km apart. Total known area of occupancy < 2000km2	Acacia latzii is slow growing and sensitive to fire and requires low fire frequencies, and is therefore threatened by increased fire intensity and frequency from buffel grass fires.	Uncontrolled buffel grass invasion could see Area of occupancy reduce to less than 500 km2 and continuing decline in extent of occurrence and area of occupancy	B.2.b.i.ii.	http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/pubs/r-gloria-medii.pdf
Prostanthera nudula	Naked Mintbush	Vulnerable	Endangered	Small number of remaining populations endemic to the APY Lands. Area of occupancy < 2000 km2	Prostranthera nudula is sensitive to fire is therefore threatened by increased fire intensity and frequency from buffel grass fires.	Uncontrolled buffel grass invasion could see Area of occupancy reduce to less than 500 km2 and continuing decline in extent of occurrence and area of occupancy	B.2.b.i.ii.	http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/pubs/7091-conservation-advice.pdf
Thryptomene hexandra	Palm valley Myrtle	Vulnerable	Endangered	Small number of remaining populations.	buffel invading limited rocky habitat and increasing fire threat	Uncontrolled buffel grass invasion could see Area of occupancy reduce to less than 500 km2 and continuing decline in extent of occurrence and area of occupancy	B.2.b.i.ii.	http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/wildlife/animals/threatened/specieslist.html).

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