Karyotypic Study of Trifolium Species and Cultivars in Iran
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| Karyotypic Study of Trifolium Species and Cultivars in Iran
M. Sheidai,1 A. Hamta,2 A. Jaffari Mofidabadi,3 and M.R. Noori-Daloii4 1 Department of Biology, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 2 Department of Genetics, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 3 Department of Physiology and Genetics, Research Institute of Forest and Range Lands, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 4 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran Abstract Trifolium species and cultivars are considered important forage crops in Iran, growing throughout the country. The present article considered the karyotypic details of Trifolium taxa using multivariate statistical analysis. Taxa studied included: Trifolium resupinatum (six populations: Shazand, Soriyan, Kordestan, Harati, Enaj and Lordegan), T. repense, T. fragiferum, T. pratense and T. alexandrinum. Somatic chromosome numbers from 2n=14 in T. pratense to 2n=32 in T. repense. Most of the chromosomes were of m type with a few M and sm. Only in T. pratense was a single subtelocentric (st) chromosome observed. Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation for karyological data showed occurrence of structural changes in chromosomes. Statistical analysis of data based on a factorial experiment revealed a significant difference in the size of chromosomes in taxa studied. Factor analysis followed by Varimax rotation showed that chromosomes 2,5 and 6 are the chromosomes which undergo extensive changes during genomic differentiation in the Trifolium taxa studied. Cluster analysis using UPGMA and WARD methods as well as ordination of the taxa on the first two principal component axes produced five distinct clusters indicating genornic differences among taxa studied. Data obtained can be used in further breeding programs. Keywords: Cluster analysis; Karyotype; Trifolium |