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2.5.3 Specification of the Program Stream syntax and semanticsThe following syntax describes a stream of bytes. 2.5.3.1 Program Stream
2.5.3.2 Semantic definition of fields in Program StreamMPEG_program_end_code -- The MPEG_program_end_code is the bit string '0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 1011 1001' (0x000001B9). It terminates the Program Stream. 2.5.3.3 Pack layer of Program Stream
2.5.3.4 Semantic definition of fields in program stream packpack_start_code -- The pack_start_code is the bit string '0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 1011 1010' (0x000001BA). It identifies the beginning of a pack. system_clock_reference_base; system_clock_reference_extension -- The system clock reference (SCR) is a 42 bit field coded in two parts. The first part, system_clock_reference_base, is a 33 bit field whose value is given by SCR_base(i) as given in equation 2-19 on page 56. The second part, system_clock_reference_extension, is a 9 bit field whose value is given by SCR_ext(i), as given in equation 2-20 on page 56. The SCR indicates the intended time of arrival of the byte containing the last bit of the system_clock_reference_base at the input of the program target decoder. The frequency of coding requirements for the SCR field are given in 2.7.1. on page 81 marker_bit -- A marker_bit is a 1 bit field that has the value '1'. program_mux_rate -- This is a 22 bit integer specifying the rate at which the P STD receives the Program Stream during the pack in which it is included. The value of program_mux_rate is measured in units of 50 bytes/second. The value 0 is forbidden. The value represented in program_mux_rate is used to define the time of arrival of bytes at the input to the P STD in 2.5.2 on page 54 of this Specification. The value encoded in the program_mux_rate field may vary from pack to pack in an ITU T Rec. H.222.0†|†ISO/IEC 13818-1 program multiplexed stream. pack_stuffing_length -- A 3 bit integer specifying the number of stuffing bytes which follow this field. stuffing_byte -- This is a fixed 8-bit value equal to '1111 1111' that can be inserted by the encoder, for example to meet the requirements of the channel. It is discarded by the decoder. In each pack header no more than 7 stuffing bytes shall be present. 2.5.3.5 System header
2.5.3.6 Semantic definition of fields in system headersystem_header_start_code -- The system_header_start_code is the bit string '0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001 1011 1011' (0x000001BB). It identifies the beginning of a system header. header_length -- This 16 bit field indicates the length in bytes of the system header following the header_length field. Future extensions of this Specification may extend the system header. rate_bound -- A 22 bit field. The rate_bound is an integer value greater than or equal to the maximum value of the program_mux_rate field coded in any pack of the Program Stream. It may be used by a decoder to assess whether it is capable of decoding the entire stream. audio_bound -- A 6 bit field. The audio_bound is an integer in the inclusive range from 0 to 32 and is set to a value greater than or equal to the maximum number of ISO/IEC 13818-3 and ISO/IEC 11172-3 audio streams in the Program Stream for which the decoding processes are simultaneously active. For the purpose of this Clause, the decoding process of an ISO/IEC 13818-3 or ISO/IEC 11172-3 audio stream is active if the STD buffer is not empty or if a Presentation Unit is being presented in the P STD model. fixed_flag -- The fixed_flag is a 1 bit flag. When set to '1' fixed bitrate operation is indicated. When set to '0' variable bitrate operation is indicated. During fixed bitrate operation, the value encoded in all system_clock_reference fields in the multiplexed ITU T Rec. H222.0†|†ISO/IEC 13818-1 stream shall adhere to the following linear equation:  (2-22)
 (2-23)
where:
c1 is a real-valued constant valid for all i; c2 is a real-valued constant valid for all i; i is the index in the ITU T Rec. H.222.0†|†ISO/IEC 13818-1 multiplexed stream of the byte containing the final bit of any system_clock_reference field in the stream.
CSPS_flag -- The CSPS_flag is a 1 bit field. If its value is set to '1' the Program Stream meets the constraints defined in 2.7.9 on page 83 of this Specification. system_audio_lock_flag -- The system_audio_lock_flag is a 1 bit field indicating that there is a specified, constant rational relationship between the audio sampling rate and the system_clock_frequency in the system target decoder. The system_clock_frequency is defined in 2.5.2.1 on page 55 and the audio sampling rate is specified in ISO/IEC 13818-3. The system_audio_lock_flag may only be set to '1' if, for all presentation units in all audio elementary streams in the Program Stream, the ratio of system_clock_frequency to the actual audio sampling rate, SCASR, is constant and equal to the value indicated in the following table at the nominal sampling rate indicated in the audio stream.  (2-24)
The notation
system_video_lock_flag -- The system_video_lock_flag is a 1 bit field indicating that there is a specified, constant rational relationship between the video frame rate and the system clock frequency in the system target decoder. 2.5.2.1 on page 55 defines system_clock_frequency and the video frame rate is specified in ITU T Rec. H.262†|†ISO/IEC 13818-2. The system_video_lock_flag may only be set to '1' if, for all presentation units in all video elementary streams in the ITU T Rec. H.222.0†|†ISO/IEC 13818-1 program, the ratio of system_clock_frequency to the actual video frame rate, SCFR, is constant and equal to the value indicated in the following table at the nominal frame rate indicated in the video stream.  (2-25)
The values of the ratio SCFR are exact. The actual frame rate differs slightly from the nominal rate in cases where the nominal rate is 23,976, 29,97, or 59,94 frames per second. video_bound -- The video_bound is a 5 bit integer in the inclusive range from 0 to 16 and is set to a value greater than or equal to the maximum number of ITU T Rec. H.262†|†ISO/IEC 13818-2 and ISO/IEC 11172-2 streams in the Program Stream of which the decoding processes are simultaneously active. For the purpose of this Clause, the decoding process of an ITU T Rec. H.262†|†ISO/IEC 13818-2 and ISO/IEC 11172-2 video stream is active if the P STD buffer is not empty, or if a Presentation Unit is being presented in the P STD model, or if the reorder buffer is not empty. packet_rate_restriction_flag -- The packet_rate_restriction_flag is a 1 bit flag. If the CSPS flag is set to '1', the packet_rate_restriction_flag indicates which constraint is applicable to the packet rate, as specified in 2.7.9 on page 83. If the CSPS flag is set to value of '0', then the meaning of the packet_rate_restriction_flag is undefined. reserved_bits -- This 7 bit field is reserved for future use by ISO/IEC. Until otherwise specified by ITU T†|†ISO/IEC it shall have the value '111 1111'. stream_id -- The stream_id is an 8 bit field that indicates the coding and elementary stream number of the stream to which the following P STD_buffer_bound_scale and P STD_buffer_size_bound fields refer. If stream_id equals '1011 1000' the P STD_buffer_bound_scale and P STD_buffer_size_bound fields following the stream_id refer to all audio streams in the Program Stream. If stream_id equals '1011 1001' the P STD_buffer_bound_scale and P STD_buffer_size_bound fields following the stream_id refer to all video streams in the Program Stream. If the stream_id takes on any other value it shall be a byte value greater than or equal to '1011 1100' and shall be interpreted as referring to the stream coding and elementary stream number according to table 2-18 on page 36. Each elementary stream present in the Program Stream shall have its P STD_buffer_bound_scale and P STD_buffer_size_bound specified exactly once by this mechanism in each system header. P STD_buffer_bound_scale -- The P STD_buffer_bound_scale is a 1 bit field that indicates the scaling factor used to interpret the subsequent P STD_buffer_size_bound field. If the preceding stream_id indicates an audio stream, P STD_buffer_bound_scale shall have the value '0'. If the preceding stream_id indicates a video stream, P STD_buffer_bound_scale shall have the value '1'. For all other stream types, the value of the P STD_buffer_bound_scale may be either '1' or '0'. P STD_buffer_size_bound -- The P STD_buffer_size_bound is a 13 bit unsigned integer defining a value greater than or equal to the maximum P STD input buffer size, BSn, over all packets for stream n in the Program Stream. If P STD_buffer_bound_scale has the value '0' then P STD_buffer_size_bound measures the buffer size bound in units of 128 bytes. If P STD_buffer_bound_scale has the value '1' then P STD_buffer_size_bound measures the buffer size bound in units of 1024 bytes. Thus: if (P STD_buffer_bound_scale == 0) 
else
2.5.3.7 Packet layer of Program StreamThe packet layer of the Program Stream is defined by the PES packet layer 2.4.3.6 on page 33. |
denotes real division.