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HUNTER COLLEGE (CUNY)

Department of Romance Languages


Prof. M. Calabritto Office hours: Tue/Thu 15-16;

Fall 2007 HW 407 Wednesday 19:30-20:15

Italian 347/721 We 17:30-19:20 or by appointment 212-772-5098

3 credits Room 1308 HW

E-mail: mcalabri@hunter.cuny.edu

Sixteenth-century Italian Literature/Ariosto

The multiple aspects of love



Course description: The course focuses on the representation of love, from the idealized encounter of gazes and minds in Ficino’s dialogue to explicit descriptions of mating bodies in Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso. We will explore the multifaceted nature of the notion of love in the early modern period by reading three sixteenth-century philosophical and literary texts: Marsilio Ficino’s philosophical dialogue Sopra l’amore, Baldassare Castiglione’s dialogue Il Cortegiano, and Ludovico Ariosto’s chivalric poem Orlando Furioso. In his poem Ariosto constructed a notion of love that encompassed all the various and partial representations of it that can be found in the other two texts. In Sopra l’amore Ficino read madness through a Neo-Platonic and medical point of view and viewed it as an expression of inspired madness. In Il Cortegiano Castiglione made the notion of love part of an ideal way of conduct to be taught to the noblemen and noblewomen of the Renaissance. In Orlando Furioso love and passion—idealized and carnal—constitute the leitmotif of the entire poem and keep being transformed through the stories and characters that experience them.

The goal of this course is to understand the mutual interactions



  1. among areas as various as medicine, philosophy and literature in shaping the representation of the notion of love in sixteenth-century Italian culture

  2. between the four texts mentioned before and the social practice of the period regarding love, lovesickness and sexuality.


Reading list

Primary sources:



  • Marsilio Ficino, Sopra lo amore, SE, 2003

  • Baldassare Castiglione, Il libro del cortegiano, Milan: Garzanti, 1981.

  • Ludovico Ariosto, Orlando Furioso, Turin: Einaudi, 1992.

These texts can be found @ Shakespeare & Company 939 Lexington Ave.




  • The required secondary sources will be available on e-reserve at the beginning of the semester.

Secondary sources (required):



  • P. O. Kristeller, “The Philosophy of Man in the Italian Renaissance” in Id., Renaissance Thought. The Classic, Scholastic, and Humanistic Strain (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1961) 120-39.

  • Christopher S. Celenza, “Late Antiquity and Florentine Platonism: the ‘Post-Plotinian’ Ficino,” in Marsilio Ficino: His Theology, His Philosophy, His Legacy, ed. Michael J.B. Allen, Valery Rees and Martin Davies (Leiden: Brill, 2002) 71-97

  • J. Kraye, “The Transformation of Platonic Love in the Italian Renaissance” in Platonism and the English Imagination, ed. A. Baldwin and S. Hutton (Cambridge UP, 1994) 76-85

  • Peter Burke, The Fortunes of the Courtier: the European Reception of Castiglione’s Cortegiano (University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1996) chapters 1 and 2.

  • Marina Zancan, “La donna e il cerchio nel ‘Cortegiano’ di Castiglione. Le funzioni del femminile nell’immagine di corte” M. Zancan, ed., Nel cerchio della luna: figure di donna in alcuni testi del XVI secolo, (Venice: Marsilio, 1983) 13-56. [on reserve]

  • David Quint, “Courtier, Prince, Lady: The Design of the Book of the Courtier,” Italian Quarterly, 37:143-146 (2000 Winter-Fall): 185-95

  • Virginia Cox, “Seen but not Heard: the Role of Women Speakers in Cinquecento Literary Dialogue” in Women in Italian Renaissance Culture and Society, ed. by Letizia Panizza (London: Legenda, 2000) 385-400.

  • Giuseppa Saccaro Battisti, “La donna, le donne nel Cortegiano” in La corte e il ‘Cortegiano’, 1: La scena del testo, ed. by Carlo Ossola (Rome: Bulzoni, 1980) 219-49.

  • Michael Rocke, “Gender and Sexual Culture in Renaissance Italy” in Gender and Society in Renaissance Italy, ed. J. Brown and Robert C. Davis (London; New York: Longman, 1998) 150-170.

  • Afredo Bonadeo, “Note sulla pazzia di Orlando,” Forum Italicum 4 (1970): 39-57.

  • Massimo Ciavolella, “La licantropia d’Orlando,” Il Rinascimento. Aspetti e problemi attuali. Atti del X Congresso dell’Associazione Inernazionale per gli studi di lingua e letteratura italiana. Belgrado, 17-21 Aprile 1979, ed. V. Branca, Claudio Griggio et al. (Florence: Olschki, 1982) 311-23.

  • Mary Frances Wack, Lovesickness in the Middle Ages. The Viaticum and Its Commentaries (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990) pp. 3-30; 146-176.

  • Elissa B. Weaver, “A Reading of the Interlaced Plot of the Orlando Furioso: The Three Cases of Love Madness,” in Ariosto Today. Contemporary perspectives, ed. D. Beecher, M. Ciavolella, and R. Fedi (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003) 126-153.

  • Sergio Zatti, The Quest for Epic. From Ariosto to Tasso, University of Toronto Press, 2006.

  • Marion A. Wells, “ ‘Solvite me’: Epic, Romance, and the Poetic of Melancholy in the Orlando FuriosoItalian Studies 59 (2004) 17:38.

Recommended readings:



  • James Hankins, Plato in the Italian Renaissance (Leiden: Brill, 1991)

  • Christine Raffini, Marsilio Ficino, Pietro Bembo, Baldassare Castiglione:

Philosophical, Aesthetic, and Political Approaches in Renaissance Platonism (New York, NY: Peter Lang, 1998)

  • Sergius Kodera, “Renaissance Readings of the Myth of Aristophanes from

Plato's Symposium (189C-193D): Marsilio Ficino, Leone Ebreo, Giordano Bruno,” Quaderni d'Italianistica 26:1 (2005): 21-58

  • David Groves, “Gabrina the Whore: Art and Nature in the Body of the Text,”

Spunti e Ricerche: Rivista d'Italianistica 14 (1999): 5-22

  • “Bradamante, ‘Vergine saggia’: Maternity and the Art of Negotiation”, Exemplaria. A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies 12:2 (2000 Fall) 455-86.


Participation and attendance: You are allowed to miss only 1 class. If you make more than 1 absence, you are strongly encouraged to schedule an appointment with me, or your grade will be lowered by half letter grade. Late work is graded similarly. You are required to participate in class and expected to come on time.
Course requirement: The course will be conducted as a seminar and will be in Italian. Each student is expected to come to class ready to discuss the assignment and to participate in class discussion. BA students will write a 10/12-page final paper, while MA students will write a 15/20-page final paper and will be required to give a 15-minute presentation on a subject that will be discussed in class. The final essay will be a comparative analysis of two texts read and discussed in class. In order to facilitate the work required in the final paper, the students will be asked to write short textual analyses of passages extracted from the weekly reading assignment. These analyses need to be 1 and 1/2 -page long, typewritten, double-spaced and will be graded (- or +). I do not accept handwritten assignments. Beginning in the third week of class students will discuss with me the topic of their final essay. I will provide you with explanatory blurbs for each of the texts that we are going to read, and a list of possible themes. Between the fifth and the seventh week they will hand a first submission. The last day of class, the students will hand in the final submission of the paper. There will be a mid-term and a final exam.
Statement on academic integrity: “Hunter College regards acts of academic dishonesty (e.g., plagiarism, cheating on examinations, obtaining unfair advantage, and falsification of records and official documents) as serious offenses against the values of intellectual honesty. The College is committed to enforcing the CUNY Policy on Academic Integrity and will pursue cases of academic dishonesty according to the Hunter College Academic Integrity procedures.”

Should a paper turn out to be the result of plagiarism, the grade for the assignment will be zero and the event will be reported to the Dean of Students of Hunter College.


The final grade will be arrived at by the following formula:

  • Class participation 20%

  • Short analysis 15%

  • Final paper 30%

  • Mid-term exam 15%

  • Final exam 20%


Schedule of classes (subject to change)

8/29 Introduction: Themes of the course and methodology

9/5 Ficino’s Sopra l’amore: Oration 1-5 (pp. 15-88); P. O. Kristeller, “The Philosophy of Man in the Italian Renaissance” in Id., Renaissance Thought. The Classic, Scholastic, and Humanistic Strain (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1961) 48-69; 120-39 [on reserve]

9/12 No classes are scheduled

9/19 Ficino’s Sopra l’amore. Oration 6-7 (pp. 89-160) J. Kraye, “The Transformation of Platonic Love in the Italian Renaissance” in Platonism and the English Imagination, ed. A. Baldwin and S. Hutton (Cambridge UP, 1994) 76-85 [on reserve]; Christopher S. Celenza, “Late Antiquity and Florentine Platonism: the ‘Post-Plotinian’ Ficino,” in Marsilio Ficino: His Theology, His Philosophy, His Legacy, ed. Michael J.B. Allen, Valery Rees and Martin Davies (Leiden: Brill, 2002) 71-97

9/26 Castiglione’s Il Cortegiano. Dedication + first book (pp. 3-114) + Peter Burke, The Fortunes of the Courtier: the European Reception of Castiglione’s Cortegiano (University Park: Pennsylvania State UP, 1996) chapter 1 and 2 [on reserve]. First written analysis

10/3 Castiglione’s Il Cortegiano. Second book + David Quint, “Courtier, Prince, Lady: The Design of the Book of the Courtier,” Italian Quarterly, 37:143-146 (2000 Winter-Fall): 185-95

10/10 Castiglione’s Il Cortegiano. Third book + Marina Zancan, “La donna e il cerchio nel ‘Cortegiano’ di Castiglione. Le funzioni del femminile nell’immagine di corte” M. Zancan, ed., Nel cerchio della luna: figure di donna in alcuni testi del XVI secolo, (Venice: Marsilio, 1983) 13-56. [on reserve]. First draft of paper due

10/17 Castiglione’s Il Cortegiano. Fourth book + Virginia Cox, “Seen but not Heard: the Role of Women Speakers in Cinquecento Literary Dialogue” in Women in Italian Renaissance Culture and Society, ed. by Letizia Panizza (London: Legenda, 2000) 385-400.

10/24 Mid-term exam

10/31 Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso. Canti I, V, VI, VII, VIII, + Sergio Zatti, “The Furioso between Epos and Romance” in Sergio Zatti, The Quest for Epic. From Ariosto to Tasso (University of Toronto Press, 2006) 13-37

11/7 Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso. Canti IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, XVI, + Massimo Ciavolella, “La licantropia d’Orlando,” Il Rinascimento. Aspetti e problemi attuali. Atti del X Congresso dell’Associazione Internazionale per gli studi di lingua e letteratura italiana. Belgrado, 17-21 Aprile 1979, ed. V. Branca, Claudio Griggio et al. (Florence: Olschki, 1982) 311-23; Zatti, “The Quest: Considerations on the Form of the Furioso” in Zatti, 38-59. Second written analysis

11/14 Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso. XVIII, XIX, XX, XXI XXII XXIII + Afredo Bonadeo, “Note sulla pazzia di Orlando,” Forum Italicum 4 (1970): 39-57.

11/21 No classes scheduled

11/28 Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso. XXIV, XXV, XXVII, XXVIII, XXIX, XXX + Elissa B. Weaver, “A Reading of the Interlaced Plot of the Orlando Furioso: The Three Cases of Love Madness,” in Ariosto Today. Contemporary perspectives, ed. D. Beecher, M. Ciavolella, and R. Fedi (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003) 126-153.

12/5 Ariosto’s Orlando Furioso. XXXII, XXXIII, XXXIV, XXXV, XXXVI, XXXVII, + Mary Frances Wack, Lovesickness in the Middle Ages. The Viaticum and Its Commentaries (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990) pp. ##. Third written analysis

12/12 XXXIX, XL, XLI, XLIII, XLV, XLVI + Marion A. Wells, “ ‘Solvite me’: Epic, Romance, and the Poetic of Melancholy in the Orlando FuriosoItalian Studies 59 (2004) 17:38. Final paper due

12/19 Final exam 5:30-7:20




 For MA students: the oral presentation will count half of your class participation.


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