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Harmony of the gospels


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HARMONY
CURE OF NOBLEMAN'S SON
Now after two days he departed thence, and went into Galilee. For Jesus himself testified, that a prophet hath no honour in his own country.
Then when he was come into Galilee, the Galilaeans received him, having seen all the things that he did at Jerusalem at the feast: for they also went unto the feast. So Jesus came again into Cana of Galilee, where he made the water wine. And there was a certain nobleman, whose son was sick at Capernaum.
When he heard that Jesus was come out of Judaea into Galilee, he went unto him, and besought him that he would come down, and heal his son: for he was at the point of death. Then said Jesus unto him, Except ye see signs and wonders, ye will not believe.
The nobleman saith unto him, Sir, come down ere my child die. Jesus saith unto him, Go thy way; thy son liveth. And the man believed the word that Jesus had spoken unto him, and he went his way. And as he was now going down, his servants met him, and told him, saying, Thy son liveth. Then enquired he of them the hour when he began to amend. And they said unto him, Yesterday at the seventh hour the fever left him. So the father knew that it was at the same hour, in the which Jesus said unto him, Thy son liveth: and himself believed, and his whole house. This is again the second miracle that Jesus did, when he was come out of Judaea into Galilee.

THE FAMILY OF HEROD AND THE DEATH OF JOHN THE BAPTIST.
INTRODUCTION
The Jews under the Mosaic law were subject to five different stages of judgement depending on their performance is spiritual matters.
The most important of these were the fourth and fifth stages. The fourth stage was when the Jews when Israel was occupied by a foreign power and the fifth when they were removed from the Land
The first fifth stage finished in 516 BC when the Jews were released from the Babylonian Captivity.
From that time through to 323 BC the Jews had a golden age. This period terminated with the death of Alexander the Great at Babylon. This was the greatest period the Jews would know until the Millennium.
With the division of Alexander's empire Palestine came under the general control of the Selucids who after considerable warfare inherited the area of the Middle East based on the city of Damascus.
Of the 11 generals that survived the death of Alexander only two had long term empires, the Seluchus dynasty based on Damascus and the Ptolemy dynasty based in Egypt. Their history is given in detail in Daniel 10 in the kings of the north and south.
The heirs of Alexander were generally very cruel people with one of the worst being Antiochus Epiphanes who in 174 BC sacked Jerusalem and offered pigs in the Holy of Holies in Jerusalem.
A family called the Hazmaneans arose under the leadership of Judas Maccabees and became the leaders of the Jews and gained control of the priesthood. They ruled Judea until the fourth stage of judgement was imposed by the Romans under Pompey in 63 BC
The occupation of Judea by the Romans continued until the Jews were removed from the land under fifth stage judgement under Titus and Vespasian in 70 AD.
HEROD THE GREAT
In the family of an Arabic group from Idumea in southern Jordan was a woman called Mariamne who married one of the greatest people of the day, Herod the Great.
They had a number of children including Alexander and Aristobulus.
At this time there were three brilliant men in the world, Augustus Caesar the ruler of Rome, Agrippa his administrator and Herod the Great.
Herod who married four times became a client king defending the eastern edge of the Roman Empire
THE CHILDREN OF ARISTOBULUS
Herod in his paranoia killed his son Aristobulus just prior to his own death as Herod thought that he was a threat.
He had two children Herodias, a very beautiful woman and the mother of Salome who was the instigator of John the Baptist's execution and a son named Agrippa named after the great administrator.
After the execution of Aristobulus, Herodias and Agrippa moved to Rome. Herodias married her uncle Philip one of four surviving sons of Herod the Great. When Herod died in 4 BC Philip moved to Rome.
Herod had also married Malthace a Samaritan who had two sons Archelaus and Antipas, the tetrarch of this passage and Cleopatra of Jerusalem who was the mother of Philip also a future tetrarch.
Archelaus, Antipas and Philip all wanted to succeed Herod but Augustus Caesar felt that he could not trust nay of them so he divided up the kingdom with Judea going to Archelaus the ethnarch, Galilee to Antipas the tetrarch and Caserea to Philip who was also a tetrarch.
Antipas was a cunning man and realising that the reign of Augustus would not be Caesar forever he looked round to determine who his successor might be.
Tiberius the step son of Augustus was then obvious heir apparent so Antipas started to cultivate Tiberius and commenced building a city called Tiberius on the Sea of Galilee.
Philip meanwhile renamed Bethsaida after Julia the wife of Augustus. However it was not a wise choice as Julia was banished from the Roman court in disgrace.
ANTIPAS IN ROME
Antipas took the advantage of the situation to go to Rome to flatter Augustus staying at his half brother Philip's palace. Herodias and Antipas had an affair and Herodias believing Philip's prospects were poor went back to Palestine with Antipas.
Antipas however had a problem. He was already married to the daughter of an Arab King, a marriage of convenience to cement a friendship.
They eloped in 27 AD which is a very important year as this was when John the Baptist commenced his ministry and Pontius Pilate became Procurator for Judea.
PROVINCES IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE
There were three type of province in the Roman Empire of that day.
1st class was a Senatorial Province was ruled by a Proconsul.
2nd class was an Imperial Province ruled by a legate
3rd class was a Provine Province ruled by a Procurator.
Herod had heard a lot about Jesus and having imprisoned and executed John the Baptist it worried him.
At the trial of the Lord Jesus Christ he thought that Jesus was the resurrected John the Baptist.
In his sermons John told Herod Antipas that it was not proper for him to have his brother Philip's wife. Antipas had asked for a miracle but he got a sermon. This did not bother Herod but it bothered Herodias.
Herod arrested John and put him into prison but he did not put him to death because he feared the mob, the Jews with whom John was popular.
Soon afterwards Herod's birthday was observed. Herodias' daughter Salome danced in front of Herod and his assembled guests. He was very impressed and rather drunk. He promised Salome anything she wanted up to half his kingdom.
As a result of discussions with her mother Salome asked for the head of John the Baptist on a plate and this was duly delivered to her. To save face the king had executed John and thus ended his ministry.
AGRIPPA
Meanwhile in Rome things had not seemed to have developed well for Agrippa the brother of Herodias. He had married and had three children. His son Agrippa II was the Herod of Acts 25, 26.
He also had two daughters Bernice and Drusilla, two of the most beautiful women of the day.
BERNICE
At the age of 14 Bernice was married to one of her uncles but soon left him and came back to her brother with whom she lived as husband and wife. For a while she lived with Vespatian and Titus nearly becoming the empress of the Roman Empire.
The Romans however had become cautious over Queens from the Orient after their experience with Cleopatra of Egypt.
Bernice eventually went back to Agrippa II and appears with him in Acts 25, 26
DRUSILLA
She was very beautiful and was married to an Arab king north of Palestine. Felix became procurator of Judea and persuaded Drusilla to join him. He married her. This couple make up the quartet who heard Paul preach in Acts 25, 26
After the death of Felix Drusilla and her son went to live in Pompeii where they died in the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 78
EVANGELISM AND THE HERODIAN LINE
The line of Herod therefore had every opportunity to be saved with
John the Baptist preaching to Antipas and Herodias,
Jesus Christ facing Antipas and Herodias
Paul teaching Agrippa, Bernice, Drusilla and Felix.
AGRIPPA IN ROME
Agrippa went from bad to worse and became friendly with Caligula the son of Germanicus. Caligula was to be the next Emperor after Tiberius.
One day Agrippa was travelling in a chariot with Caligula and said to him that he ought to be the next Caesar rather than the miserable son of Tiberius. Tiberius heard this and Agrippa was put in chains. He stayed in prison for six months until Tiberius died.
Caligula became Caesar and his first act was to weigh out the weight of the chains of iron with chains of gold and gave them to Agrippa.
After Philip died in AD 34 Tiberius annexed the kingdom and this in due time was given by Caligula to Agrippa in AD 37.
The gift of the Tetrarchy to Agrippa caused Antipas and Herodias to become very jealous. Herodias suggested to Antipas that they go to Rome to ask Caligula to remove Agrippa and give them Philip's tetrarchy as well.
Caligula was in his summer house in the Bay of Naples when he gave audience to Antipas and Herodias. Agrippa has been observing this and sees that his uncle has an armoury sufficient to supply a 70,000 man army.
He therefore sends a letter to Caligula by means of his faithful servant Fortinatus. At the audience of Antipas and Herodias with Caligula, Caligula reads the letter which gives the impression that Antipas is conspiring with the Parthians against Rome.
Having read the letter Caligula strips Antipas from the Tetrarchy of Galilee and gives it to Agrippa. The pair are then banished to Aquitaine in France where they eventually die.
AGRIPPA TRIUMPHANT
Eventually Agrippa is given the southern ethnarchy of Judea and Idumea thus restoring under one ruler the whole area previously rules by his grandfather Herod the Great.
Agrippa is the Herod who appears in Acts 12 and is the person responsible for killing James and some of the Christians in Jerusalem. However as a result of the prayers of other believers Agrippa dies while making a speech in praise of Claudius.

35 IMPRISONMENT OF JOHN THE BAPTIST
MATTHEW 14:3-5
3 For Herod had laid hold on John, and bound him, and put him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife. 4 For John said unto him, It is not lawful for thee to have her. 5 And when he would have put him to death, he feared the multitude, because they counted him as a prophet.

KEY WORDS


Laid hold

Krateo

Hold, Keep [Aorist Active Participle]

Bound

Deo

Bonds, Tie [Aorist Active Indicative]

Put

Tithemi

Put [Aorist Middle Indicative]

Prison

Phulake

Prison

Sake

Dia

Because of

Brother

Adelphos

Brother

Wife

Gune

Woman, Wife

Said

Lego

Say [Imperfect Active Indicative]

Lawful

Exesti

Is lawful [Present Active Indicative]

Have

Echo

To have and to hold [Imperfect Active Indicative]

Have

Thelo

Desire [Present Active Participle]

Put to death

Apokteino

Put to death, Kill, Slay [Aorist Active Infinitive]

Feared

Phobeo

Fear [Aorist Passive Indicative]

Multitude

Ochlos

Multitude

Counted

Echo

To have and to hold [Imperfect Active Indicative]

Prophet

Prophetes

Prophet



BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS
3 For Herod had laid hold on John, and bound him, and put him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife. 4 For John said unto him, It is not lawful for thee to have her. 5 And when he would have put him to death, he feared the multitude, because they counted him as a prophet.
Herodias as outlined above was the unlawful wife of Herod Antipas. She was herself a descendant of Herod the Great and had married Herod Philip of Rome. She had divorced him in order to marry Herod Antipas after he had divorced his wife, the daughter of Aretas King of Arabia.

Her first husband was still alive and marriage with a sister-in-law was forbidden to Jews in Leviticus 18:16. Because of her Herod Antipas had therefore put John in the prison at Machaerus. This fact has been mentioned in Matthew 4:12 without mentioning the name of the place.



Josephus in his Antiquities 18.5.2 tells us that Machaerus is the name of the prison. On a high hill an impregnable fortress had been built. Also on this high ridge Herod the Great built an extensive and beautiful palace. The windows commanded wide and magnificent views including the Dead Sea, the course of the Jordan, and Jerusalem.
The imperfect tense of lego indicates that John repeatedly told Herod about the illegality of his marriage to Herodias. It was a blunt and brave thing that John said. It cost him his head, but it is better to have a head like John’s and lose it than to have an ordinary head and keep it. Herod Antipas was a politician and curbed his resentment toward John by his fear of the people who considered John a prophet.

MARK 6:17-20
17 For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife: for he had married her. 18 For John had said unto Herod, It is not lawful for thee to have thy brother's wife. 19 Therefore Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him; but she could not: 20 For Herod feared John, knowing that he was a just man and an holy, and observed him; and when he heard him, he did many things, and heard him gladly.

KEY WORDS


Sent forth

Apostello

Send out [Aorist Active Participle]

Laid Hold

Krateo

Seize [Aorist Active Indicative]

Bound

Deo

Bind [Aorist Active Indicative]

Prison

Phulake

Prison

Sake

Dia

Because of

Brother

Adelphos

Brother

Wife

Gune

Wife, Woman

Married

Gameo

Marry [Aorist Active Indicative]

Said

Lego

Say [Imperfect Active Indicative]

Lawful

Exesti

Is lawful [Present Active Indicative]

Have

Echo

Have and to hold [Present Active Infinitive]

Quarrel

Enecho

Quarrel [Imperfect Active Indicative]

Would

Thelo

Desire [Imperfect Active Indicative]

Have Killed

Apokteino

Put to death, Kill, Slay [Aorist Active Infinitive]

Could

Dunamai

To have the power [Imperfect Middle Indicative]

Feared

Phobeo

Fear [Imperfect Middle Indicative]

Knowing

Eido

Perceiving [Perfect Active Participle]

Just man

Dikaios Aner

Just and noble man

Holy

Hagios

Holy

Observed

Suntereo

Observe, Notice [Imperfect Active Indicative]

Heard

Akouo

Hear [Aorist Active Participle]

Did

Poieo

Do [Imperfect Active Indicative]

Many things

Polus

Many things

Heard

Akouo

Hear [Imperfect Active Indicative]

Gladly

Hedeos

Gladly



BACKGROUND AND ANALYSIS
17 For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife: for he had married her. 18 For John had said unto Herod, It is not lawful for thee to have thy brother's wife. 19 Therefore Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him; but she could not: 20 For Herod feared John, knowing that he was a just man and an holy, and observed him; and when he heard him, he did many things, and heard him gladly.
In relation to marriage to a brother’s wife it was not allowed while the brother was alive. After a brother’s death however it was often a duty to marry his widow.
In verse 19 Herodias set herself against John the Baptist. It is in the dative, it is a dative of disadvantage for John the Baptist. Literally, she had it in for him. The tense is imperfect tense of enecho, the Greek word for quarrel, beautifully describes the feelings of Herodias towards this upstart prophet of the wilderness who had dared to denounce her private relations with Herod Antipas.
She never let up, but bided her time which, she felt sure, would come. The desire to kill him is also in the imperfect tense she kept on wanting to kill him. However she could not, she did not have the power.
Herod was in a constant state of fear as again seen by the imperfect tense. He feared John and also Herodias. Between the two Herod vacillated. He knew John to be righteous and holy and so innocent of any wrong. So he kept him safe from the plots and schemes of Herodias.
He heard John the Baptist gladly. This is the way that Herod really felt when he could slip away from the meshes of Herodias. These interviews with John the Baptist down in the prison at Machaerus during his occasional visits there braced “his jaded mind as with a whiff of fresh air” But then he saw Herodias again and he was at his wits’ end for he knew that he had to live with Herodias with whom he was hopelessly entangled.

LUKE 3:19-20
19 But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias his brother Philip's wife, and for all the evils which Herod had done, 20 Added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison.

KEY WORDS


Tetrarch

Tetrarches

Tetrarch

Reproved

Elegcho

Rebuke, Reproved [Present Passive Participle]

Brother

Adelphos

Brother

Wife

Gune

Wife, Woman

Evils

Poneros

Evil

Done

Poieo

Do [Aorist Active Indicative]

Added

Prostithemi

Add, Gain, Increase [Aorist Active Indicative]

Above all

Epi Pas

Above all

Shut up

Katakleio

Incarcerate, Shut up [Aorist Active Indicative]

Prison

Phroureo

Keep with a garrison


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