Geographic distribution: Central and Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, and Brazil (from MA to SP)
Comments: Under rocks, on rock and coral reefs, intertidal to 25m.
Panopeus lacustris Desbonne, 1867
Synonymy: Williams, 1983: 868.
Description and diagnosis: Williams, 1983: 868; Melo, 1996: 373.
References: Williams, 1983: 868, fig. 1a-e; Abele & Kim, 1986: 59, fig. 632a-b; Coelho & Coelho-Filho, 1993: 42; Melo, 1996: 373, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Eastern Pacific and Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Colombia, and Brazil (from MA to RJ).
Comments: Under rocks in estuaries, bays, and channels; in polluted waters.
Panopeus occidentalis Saussure, 1857
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 348; Williams, 1984: 413.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 348; Williams, 1984: 413; Melo, 1996: 374.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 348, pl. 161; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 190; Fausto-Filho, 1967: 13; Powers, 1977: 103; Williams, 1984: 413, fig. 326; Abele & Kim, 1986: 59, fig. 634c; Tavares & Albuquerque, 1989: 104; Coelho & Coelho-Santos, 1990: 51; Melo, 1996: 374, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Central America, Antilles, northern South America, and Brazil (from CE to SC).
Comments: On sand, rock, and gravel bottoms, among algae and mangrove roots, on jetties, intertidal to 20m.
Panopeus rugosus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 353.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 353; Melo, 1996: 375.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 353, pls. 162-163; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 190; Powers, 1977: 103; Abele & Kim, 1986: 59, fig. 632e; Melo, 1996: 375, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Central America, Antilles, northern South America, and Brazil (from PE to RS).
Comments: On sand, rock, shell, and coral bottoms, intertidal to 50m.
Genus Paractaea Guinot, 1969
Paractaea rufopunctata nodosa (Stimpson, 1860)
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 257 (as Actae rufopunctata nodosa); Williams, 1984: 397.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 257 (as A. rufopunctata nodosa); Williams, 1984: 397; Melo, 1996: 376.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 257, pl. 105, figs. 1-2 (as A. rufopunctata nodosa); Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 189; Powers, 1977: 103; Abele & Kim, 1986: 59, fig. 656d; Williams, 1984: 397, fig. 310; Melo, 1996: 376, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Central and Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, northern South America, Brazil (from AP to RJ), and Uruguay.
Comments: On coral, sand, and rock bottoms, intertidal to 220m.
Genus Pilumnoides Lucas, 1844
Pilumnoides coelhoi Guinot & MacPherson, 1987
Synonymy: Guinot & MacPherson, 1987: 235.
Description and diagnosis: Guinot & MacPherson, 1987: 235; Melo, 1996: 378.
References: Guinot & MacPherson, 1987: 235, figs. 4d, d1, 6h-i, pl. 2, fig. e-f; Melo, 1996: 378, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Brazil (from BA to SC).
Comments: Shallow waters to 30m.
Pilumnoides hassleri A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
Synonymy: Boschi, 1964: 52; Guinot & MacPherson, 1987: 226.
Description and diagnosis: Boschi, 1964: 52; Guinot & MacPherson, 1987: 226; Melo, 1996: 379.
References: Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 194; Bordin, 1987: 21; Guinot & MacPherson, 1987: 226, figs. 4f, 5c-d, pl. 2, fig. a-d; Melo, 1990a: 77; Boschi et al., 1992: 71, fig. 79; Melo, 1996: 379, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Brazil (from RJ to RS), Uruguay, and Argentina.
Comments: On rocks and other infralittoral substrates; in large aggregations.
Genus Pilumnus Leach, 1815
Pilumnus caribaeus Desbonne & Schramm, 1867
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 491.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 491; Melo, 1996: 381.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 491, pl. 200, figs. 3-4; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 193; Gomes-Corrêa, 1972: 9; Powers, 1977: 105; Abele & Kim, 1986: 60, fig. 640f-g; Melo, 1996: 381, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, northern South America, and Brazil (from PA to SC).
Comments: On sand, mud, and shell bottoms, intertidal to 55m.
Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 493; Williams, 1984: 425.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 493; Williams, 1984: 425; Melo, 1996: 382.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 493, pl. 200, figs. 5-6; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 193; Powers, 1977: 105; Williams, 1984: 425, fig. 335; Abele & Kim, 1986: 60, fig. 640d-e; Melo et al., 1989: 17; Melo, 1996: 382, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, northern South America, and Brazil (from PB to SC).
Comments: On sand, shell, and coral bottoms, also in mangroves and jetties, intertidal to 30m.
Pilumnus diomedeae Rathbun, 1894
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 501.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 501; Takeda & Okutani, 1983: 160; Melo, 1996: 383.
References: Melo, 1996: 383, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Gulf of Mexico, Antilles, and Brazil (from AP to RS).
Comments: On mud and coral bottoms, from 40 to 340m.
Pilumnus floridanus Stimpson, 1871
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 507; Williams, 1984: 426.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 507; Williams, 1984: 426; Melo, 1996: 384.
References: Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 193; Williams, 1984: 426, fig. 336; Abele & Kim, 1986: 60, fig. 642a-b; Melo, 1996: 384, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Central America, Antilles, Venezuela, and Brazil (AL, SE, BA).
Comments: On sand, shell, gravel, rock, and coral bottoms, also in sponges.
Pilumnus quoyi H. Milne-Edwards, 1834
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 510.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 510; Melo, 1996: 385.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 510, pl. 206, figs. 1-4; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 193; Melo, 1996: 385, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Guianes and Brazil (from AP to SP).
Comments: On detritus and sand bottoms, intertidal to 100m.
Pilumnus reticulatus Stimpson, 1860
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 521; Boschi, 1964: 53.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 521; Boschi, 1964: 53; Melo, 1996: 386.
References: Moreira, 1901: 58; Rathbun, 1930: 521, pl. 209, figs. 4-5, pl. 210; Boschi, 1964: 53, pls. 2, 14; Gomes-Corrêa, 1972: 9; Bordin, 1987: 21; Melo et al., 1989: 18; Boschi et al., 1992: 71, fig. 80; Melo, 1996: 386, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Central America, Antilles, northern South America, and Brazil (from PA to RS).
Comments: On mud and shell bottoms, intertidal to 75m.
Pilumnus spinosissimus Rathbun, 1898
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 494.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 494; Melo, 1996: 387.
References: Melo, 1996: 387, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, and Brazil (from RN to SC).
Comments: On sand, rock, and coral bottoms, from 5 to 20m.
Genus Platypodiella Guinot, 1967
Platypodiella spectabilis (Herbst, 1794)
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 247 (as Platypodia spectabilis); Fausto-Filho, 1974: 11.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 247 (as P. spectabilis); Melo, 1996: 388.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 247, pl. 102, fig. 4 (as P. spectabilis); Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 189; Fausto-Filho, 1974: 11; 1975: 82; Powers, 1977: 108; Abele & Kim, 1986: 61, fig. 658b; Melo, 1996: 388, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, Venezuela, and Brazil (from RN to RJ, FN, TI).
Comments: On coral reefs and under rocks, from 5 to 15m.
Genus Platyxanthus A. Milne-Edwards, 1863
Platyxanthus crenulatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 281; Boschi, 1964: 49.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 281; Boschi, 1964: 49; Melo, 1996: 390.
References: Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 189; Bordin, 1987: 20; Melo, 1990a: 77; 1996: 390, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Brazil (RS), Uruguay, and Argentina.
Comments: Under rocks and in crevices, from shallow waters.
Platyxanthus patagonicus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 284; Boschi, 1964: 51.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 284; Boschi, 1964: 51; Melo, 1996: 391.
References: Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 189; Bordin, 1987: 20; Melo, 1990c: 78; 1996: 391, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Brazil (RS), Uruguay, and Argentina.
Comments: Depper than 60m.
Genus Tetraxanthus Rathbun, 1898
Tetraxanthus rathbunae Chace, 1939
Synonymy: Williams, 1984: 406.
Description and diagnosis: Williams, 1984: 406; Melo, 1996: 392.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 458, pl. 184 (part as T. bidentatus); Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 192; Gomes-Corrêa, 1972: 10 (as T. bidentatus); Powers, 1977: 109; Williams, 1984: 406, fig. 321; Abele & Kim, 1986: 61, fig. 646a-c; Bordin, 1987: 20 (as T. bidentatus); Melo et al., 1989: 18; Melo, 1996: 392, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, and Brazil (from PB to RS) .
Comments: On mud, shell, coral, rock, and sand bottoms, from 20 to 100m.
Genus Xanthodius Stimpson, 1859
Xanthodius denticulatus (White, 1847)
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 314.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 314; Melo, 1996: 394.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 314, pl. 145, fig. 1, pl. 146; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 190 (as Xantho denticulata); Gomes-Corrêa, 1972: 8; Powers, 1977: 110 (as X. denticulata); Abele & Kim, 1986: 61, fig. 658d-e (as X. denticulata); Manning & Chace, 1990: 60, fig. 40; Melo, 1996: 394, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, Venezuela, and Brazil (from CE to BA, PP).
Comments: In intertidal pools and coral reefs, intertidal to 15m.
Xanthodius parvulus (Fabricius, 1793)
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 305 (as Leptodius parvulus); Fausto-Filho, 1974: 12.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 305 (as L. parvulus); Melo, 1996: 395.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 305, pl. 141, figs. 1-3 (as L. parvulus); Fausto-Filho, 1968: 44 (as L. parvulus); 1974: 12 (as L. parvulus); Powers, 1977: 110 (as L. parvulus); Melo, 1996: 395, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Venezuela, and Brazil (FN).
Comments: In intertidal pools, near beaches; shallow waters.
Family Goneplacidae MacLeay, 1838
Genus Bathyplax A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
Bathyplax typhla A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1918: 19.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1918: 19; Takeda & Okutani, 1983: 163; Melo, 1996: 399.
References: Rathbun, 1918: 19, pl. 2; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 194; Powers, 1977: 112; Takeda & Okutani, 1983: 163; Melo, 1996: 399, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, and Brazil (PE, AL).
Comments: On mud and coral bottoms, from 400 to 1100m.
Genus Cycloplax Guinot, 1969
Cycloplax pinnotheroides Guinot, 1969
Synonymy: Guinot, 1969a: 261.
Description and diagnosis: Guinot, 1969a: 261; Melo, 1996: 402.
References: Guinot, 1969a: 261, figs. 30-32, pl. 1, fig. 4; Melo, 1996: 402, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Guianes and Brazil (AP, PA).
Comments: On mud bottoms, from shallow waters to 15m.
Genus Euryplax Stimpson, 1859
Euryplax nitida Stimpson , 1859
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 34; Williams, 1984: 432.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 34; Williams, 1984: 432; Melo, 1996: 407.
References: Guinot, 1969b: 512; Gomes-Corrêa, 1972: 11; Abele & Kim, 1986: 54, fig. 596d; Williams, 1984: 432, fig. 343; Melo, 1996: 407, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, and Brazil (from PI to SC).
Comments: On sand, rock, and coral bottoms, from shallow waters to 90m.
Genus Neopilumnoplax Serène, 1969
Neopilumnoplax americana (Rathbun, 1898)
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1918: 21.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1918: 21; Melo, 1996: 400.
References: Rathbun, 1918: 21 (as Pilumnoplax americana); Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 194; Gomes-Corrêa, 1972: 11; Powers, 1977: 112; Abele & Kim, 1986: 55, fig. 598b; Melo, 1996: 400, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Indo-Pacific and Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, and Brazil (ES).
Comments: On sand, coral, and other hard bottoms, from 130 to 800m.
Genus Cyrtoplax Rathbun, 1914
Cyrtoplax spinidentata (Benedict, 1892)
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1918: 46.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1918: 46; Melo, 1996: 403.
References: Gouvêa, 1971: 391; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 194; Bordin, 1987: 18; Melo, 1996: 403, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Antilles and Brazil (from PE to RS).
Comments: On sand, shell, and coral bottoms, from shallow waters to 25m.
Genus Eucratopsis Smith, 1869
Eucratopsis crassimanus (Dana, 1851)
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1918: 52.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1918: 52; Melo, 1996: 404.
References: Rathbun, 1918: 52, pl. 12, fig. 3, pl. 50, figs. 1-2; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 194; Powers, 1977: 113; Abele & Kim, 1986: 54, fig. 594f-g; Melo, 1996: 404, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, and Brazil (from BA to RS) .
Comments: On sand, coral, and gravel bottoms, from shallow waters to 80m.
Genus Panoplax Stimpson, 1871
Panoplax depressa Stimpson, 1871
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1918: 47; Williams, 1984: 435.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1918: 47; Williams, 1984: 435; Melo, 1996: 405.
References: Melo, 1996: 405, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, and Brazil (from AP to PE).
Comments: On sand, shell, and coral bottoms, from shallow waters to 100m.
Genus Frevillea A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
Frevillea hirsuta (Borradaile, 1916)
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1918: 28 (as Goneplax hirsuta); Williams, 1984: 432.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1918: 28 (as Goneplax hirsuta); Williams, 1984: 432; Takeda & Okutani, 1983: 162; Melo, 1996: 408.
References: Rathbun, 1918: 28 (as Goneplax hirsuta); Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 194; Powers, 1977: 114; Takeda & Okutani, 1983: 162; Williams, 1984: 432, fig. 344; Abele & Kim, 1986: 54, fig. 594b; Bordin, 1987: 19; Melo et al., 1989: 19; Melo, 1996: 408, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA and Brazil (from AP to RS).
Comments: On mud bottoms, from 70 to 150m.
Genus Nanoplax Guinot, 1967
Nanoplax xanthiformis (A. Milne-Edwards, 1880)
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1930: 442 (as Micropanope xanthiformis); Williams, 1984: 436.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1930: 442 (as Micropanope xanthiformis); Williams, 1984: 436; Takeda & Okutani, 1983: 162; Melo, 1996: 410.
References: Rathbun, 1930: 442 (as M. xanthiformis); Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 192; Powers, 1977: 100; Williams, 1984: 436, fig. 348; Abele & Kim, 1986: 55, fig. 598a; Melo, 1996: 410, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, northern South America, and Brazil (from AP to RJ).
Comments: On sand, shell, and coral bottoms, from 10 to 330m.
Genus Pseudorhombila H. Milne-Edwards, 1837
Pseudorhombila octodentata Rathbun, 1906
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1918: 43.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1918: 43; Melo, 1996: 412.
References: Melo et al., 1989: 19; Melo, 1996: 412, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Antilles and Brazil (from RJ to RS).
Comments: On mud bottoms, up to 200m.
Pseudorhombila quadridentata (Latreille, 1828)
Description and diagnosis: Melo, 1996: 413.
References: Melo, 1996: 413, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, and Brazil (BA).
Comments: On mud and sand bottoms, off Brazil from 55m.
Genus Acidops Stimpson, 1871
Acidops cessacii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878)
Synonymy: Barreto et al., 1991/1993: 271.
Description and diagnosis: Barreto et al., 1991/1993: 271; Melo, 1996: 418.
References: Barreto et al., 1991/1993: 271; Melo, 1996: 418, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Eastern Atlantic and Western Atlantic. Brazil (MA).
Comments: On sand bottoms, intertidal to 30m.
Genus Chasmocarcinus Rathbun, 1898
Chasmocarcinus cylindricus Rathbun, 1901
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1918: 59.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1918: 59; Melo, 1996: 420.
References: Melo, 1996: 420, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Gulf of Mexico, Antilles, and Brazil (RJ, SP).
Comments: On mud, sand, rock, and coral bottoms, from 15 to 1900m.
Chasmocarcinus peresi Rodrigues da Costa, 1968
Synonymy: Rodrigues da Costa, 1968a: 335.
Description and diagnosis: Rodrigues da Costa, 1968a: 335; Melo, 1996: 421.
References: Rodrigues da Costa, 1968a: 335, figs. 1-4; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 195; Gomes-Corrêa, 1972: 11; Melo, 1996: 421, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Brazil (from PA to BA).
Comments: On mud bottoms, from 15 to 25m.
Chasmocarcinus rathbuni Bouvier, 1917
Synonymy: Bouvier, 1917: 391.
Description and diagnosis: Bouvier, 1917: 391; Melo, 1996: 422.
References: Bouvier, 1917: 391; A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1923: 342, fig. 5, pl. 8, fig. 1, pl. 10, fig. 1; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 195; Melo, 1996: 422, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Brazil (from PA to BA).
Comments: On mud bottoms, from 15 to 25m.
Chasmocarcinus typicus Rathbun, 1898
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1918: 55.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1918: 55; Melo, 1996: 423.
References: Rathbun, 1918: 55, fig. 23; Holthuis, 1959: 235; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 195; Fausto-Filho & Sampaio Neto, 1976: 69; Melo et al., 1989: 18; Melo, 1996: 423, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Antilles, northern South America, and Brazil (from RJ to RS).
Comments: On mud bottoms, from 15 to 200m.
Genus Speocarcinus Stimpson, 1859
Speocarcinus carolinensis Stimpson, 1859
Synonymy: Rathbun, 1918: 39; Williams, 1984: 437.
Description and diagnosis: Rathbun, 1918: 39; Williams, 1984: 437; Melo, 1996: 415.
References: Fausto-Filho & Sampaio Neto, 1976: 69; Williams, 1984: 437, fig. 349; Melo, 1996: 415, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. East coast of USA, Antilles, and Brazil (AP, SP, RS).
Comments: In burrows of Squilla and Calianassa or in mud bottoms, intertidal to 150m.
Speocarcinus meloi D`Incao & Gomes da Silva, 1992
Synonymy: D`Incao & Gomes da Silva, 1992: 121
Description and diagnosis: D`Incao & Gomes da Silva, 1992: 121; Melo, 1996: 416.
References: D`Incao & Gomes da Silva, 1992: 121, figs. 1-13; Melo, 1996: 416, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Brazil (RS).
Comments: On mud bottoms, from 50 to 160m.
Family Pinnotheridae De Haan, 1833
Genus Pinnaxodes Heller, 1865
Pinnaxodes tomentosus Ortmann, 1894
Synonymy: Ortmann, 1894: 697; Rathbun, 1918: 178; Schmitt et al., 1973: 36.
Description and diagnosis: Ortmann, 1894: 697; Rathbun, 1918: 178; Melo, 1996: 427.
References: Ortmann, 1894: 697, pl. 23, fig. 9; Rathbun, 1918: 178, fig. 113; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 197; Schmitt et al., 1973: 36; Melo, 1996: 427, 1 fig.
Geographic distribution: Western Atlantic. Brazil (BR).
Genus Pinnixa White, 1846
Pinnixa aidae Righi, 1967
Synonymy: Righi, 1967: 99; Manning & Felder, 1989: 4; Schmitt et al., 1973: 101.
Description and diagnosis: Righi, 1967: 107; Manning & Felder, 1989: 4; Melo, 1996: 429.
References: Righi, 1967: 107, figs. 21-26; Coelho & Ramos, 1972: 196; Manning & Felder, 1989: 4, fig. 2a-i; Schmitt et al., 1973: 101; Melo, 1996: 429, 1 fig.
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