Gi de mopasani lamazi megobari nawili pirveli Tavi pirveli

da Tavis garemocvasTan misi am organuli erTianobiT isazRvreba lamazi megobris Rrma tipiuroba, romelic didad Sordeba misi Seqmnis xanas, rasac ase kargad aRniSnavs erTi frangi kritikosi:

`lamazi megobari gaxdeba ministri an respublikis prezidenti. avtori ar ambobs, magram gvagrZnobinebs amas. lamaz megobars saimiso gaqaneba aRmoaCndeba, rom `xalxis suli warmoadginos~ da saxelmwifos etli marTos. politikaSi igi ZlierTa mxareze iqneba. misi megobrebi iqnebian mdidari, pativcemuli, Zlevamosili da keTilgonieri pirovnebani~; `lamazi megobari karieristebis im mravalricxovan TaobaTa winaparia, 1885 wlidan rom scvlian erTmaneTs. is dainaxo, lamazi megobari rogor moqmedebs, imis danaxvas niSnavs, Tu rogor moqmedeben misi Svilebi da SviliSvilebi. xerxebi igivea — mcire saxecvlilebiT. lamazi megobari simboloa, simbolo Tanamedrove sazogadoebis sidamplisa~.

mopasanis pirveli romani, `cxovreba~, am sityvebiT mTavrdeba: `iciT, cxovreba veraa maincdamainc kargi, magram arc ise cudia, rogorc hgoniaT xolme~. xolo `lamaz megobarSi~ yuradRebas iqcevs moxuci poeti norber de-vareni, romelic egoistur da cru, `Wkua-Txel~ da SezRudul `maRal sazogadoebaze~ xangrZliv dakvirvebas uimedobamde da sasowarkveTilebamde, im daskvnamde miuyvania, rom `momavali aramzadebs ekuTvniT~ da `mxolod sikvdilia cxadi da ueWveli~. marTalia, vareni, — gamoxatavs ra TviT mopasanis Tvalsazriss, — Tavis am daskvnas sulac ar acxadebs absolutur da savaldebulo WeSmaritebad, sagangebod aRniSnavs, rom es daeWveba da urwmunoeba mxolod misdagvari moxuci da sneuli, martoxela da `daRupuli kacis~ xvedria xolme da rom ymawvil kacs imedianad da energiulad, `axalgazrdulad cxovreba~ marTebs. magram mopasanis Semdeg Txzulebebs swored am vareniseuli pesimisturi ganwyobilebis aCqarebuli zrda emCneva, ukve `mont oriols~, romelic mopasanis SemoqmedebiTi aRmavlobis miwuruls ekuTvnis, aSkarad gamsWvalavs gauvalobis mZime SegrZneba; xolo cxovrebaze vareniseuli negatiuri Tvalsazrisis gabatonebis, — Tumca mainc, arasruli zeimis, — daRi azis mwerlis cxovrebis ukanasknel, 1887 wlidan momdinare etaps, roca `lamazi megobris~ avtoris humanizmisa da realizmis rRveva, sabolood, misi sulieri kraxi mTavrdeba.

bolo 80-ian wlebSi mopasani Tavisi didebis mwvervalebze Cans: igi saqveynod cnobili mweralia, misi wignebi SesaniSnavad iyideba, xolo simdidre dRiTidRe izrdeba. misTvis Riaa parizis yvela salonis kari, `warCinebuli~ sazogadoeba sul ufro `ixibleba~ misi pirovnebiT. igi yidulobs jer patara, mere ufro did xomalds, romelTac `lamaz megobars~ arqmevs da romlebiTac xSirad mogzaurobs xmelTaSua zRvaze. magram es mogzaurobani sul ufro iReben misi `maTayvanebeli~ sazogadoebisagan ltolvis, sakuTar TavSi Caketvisaken miswrafebis xasiaTs, iseve, rogorc mis mTelamdroindel cxovrebas ipyrobs Rrma, sabolood dauZleveli krizisi, romelsac yovlad obieqturi, — mopasanis am droisaTvis Zlier gamwvavebuli avadmyofobisagan damoukidebeli, — mizezebi moepoveba.

80-ni wlebis miwurulisaTvis safrangeTi iqceva erT-erT udides koloniur qveyanad, valteris tipis finansuri magnatebi TavianT srul gamarjvebas zeimoben, xolo maTi damqaSebi, yvela juris `lamazi megobrebi~, romlebic TavianT Tavs `demokratebs~, `radikalebs~ Tu `liberalebs~ uwodeben, mtkiced euflebian qveynis samarTav saWes, da aseTs viTarebaSi mopasans eCveneba, rom mmarTvel klasebTan mis brZolas mniSvneloba ekargeba, ramdenadac maTgan momdinare sazogadoebrivi boroteba uZlevelia. xolo meore mxriv. 80-iani wlebis bolodan aseve imedgacruebis niadagze mTel frangulsa da saerTod, evropuls literaturaSi iwyeba realizmis daSlisa da mravali dekadenturi nakadi warmoqmnis intensiuri procesi. da, cxadia, am faqtorsac unda moexdina mopasanis Semoqmedebaze uaryofiTi zegavlena, magram gadamwyvet faqtorad mainc mwerlis msoflmxedvelobrivi SezRuduloba iqceva, romelic arTmevs mas rogorc garTulebuli socialuri viTarebis, ise gaZlierebul dekandenturi literaturis zegavlenaTa daZlevis unars. jerovani Tanmimdevruloba rom gamoeCina, `mmarTveli klasebi~— mgmobel da saerTod angarebaze da egozmze damkvidrebul sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa uarmyofel mopasans proletariatis istoriuli roli unda ecno da misi revoluciuri brZola eRiarebina, swored es iqneboda is `saboloo daZaleba~, mis gadamwyveti nabiji, romelic mas saSineli burJuaziuli garemocvisagan Sinaganad gaaTavisuflebda. magram man swored es nabiji ver gadadga: tolstoisa ar iyos, burJuaziisa da aristokratiis mier SebRaluli adamianis mesveurad `ubralo xalxis~ maRiarebels, mas faqtiurad xalxis cnebidan gamoricxuli daurCa proletariati, romelsac TiTqosda, `bednierTa da mdidarTadmi~ Suri amoZravebs, da amdenad misi, ZiriTadad glexobaze, e.i. kvlav mesakuTre klasze da agreTve funTuSasebr viTomda `zeklasobriv~, namdvilad ki deklasirebul pirovnebebze orientirebuli humanisturi mrwamsi, cxadia, sul ufro da ufro kargavs realur sayrdens. xolo amasTan erTad mwerali sul ufro ixreba klasobriv adamianSi awyvetili mxecis absolutirebisaken, saerTod adamianuri bunebis mniSvnelad aRiarebisaken, rac mas sul ufro aRavsebs sasowarkveTilebiTa da pesimizmiT.

borotebis uZlevelobis aRiareba odnavadac ar ganawyobs mopasans `mmarTvel klasebTan~ Sesarigeblad, mas winandelze ufro damoukideblad da amayad uWiravs Tavi xelisuflebis winaSe, 1889 wels uars ambobs `sapatio legionis~ ordenis miRebaze, 1890 wels ki — akademiis wevrobaze. da aseve mis SemoqmedebaSi, metadre romanebSi, _ `pieri da Jani~ (1887), `sikvdiliviT Zlieri~ (1889) da `Cveni guli~ (1890), — ki ar sustdeba, aramed piriqiT, mZafrdeba `maRali sazogadoebis~ mxileba. metic: am periodSiac gvxvdeba Zveleburad naTeli moTxrobebi, romlebic aRsavsea adamianTa erTmaneTTan guliTadi damokidebulebiTa da wmindad xalxuri mxiarulebiT, galur-rableseuli iumoriTa da siciliT (`baWia~, `buzi~) anda romlebSic avtori did siTbosa da sinazes iCens Tavisi gmirebis mimarT (`portreti~, `xeibari~) magram amave dros mopasanis SemoqmedebaSi iWreba Tu, ufro sworad, Zlierdeba da batondeba iseTi motivebi da faqtorebi, romelic arRveven mis humanizmsa da realizms.

mopasans adridanve mosdis xolme daeWvebisa da uimedobis, sasowarkveTilebisa da SiSis Setevebi, rodesac mas idumalisa da zebunebrivis, sigiJisa da sikvdilis Sesaxeb mtkivneuli fiqrebi ipyroben, magram mwerali medgrad ebrZvis maT, cdilobs maT saR, realistur safuZvelze axsnas da upirispirebs sicocxliT, mxiarulebiT, energiiTa da silamaziT Semkul saxeebs. axla ki es dekadenturi, paTologiur-mistikuri motivebi garkveul sistemad lagdebian, romelic cxovrebis `borot~, `idumal~ da `stiqiur~ ZalTa winaSe adamianis umweobisa da ganwirulebis SegrZnebas gamoxataven.

am tragikuli SegrZnebisagan xsnas mopasani cxovrebidan pasiur gasvlaSi, TavdaviwyebaSi eZebs da saamiso saSualebad mas esTetizmi da eroTizmi esaxeba. mis romanebsa da novelebSi mkvidrdeba `usargeblo silamazis~ motivi, romlis Tanaxmad, magaliTad, qalma naklebad unda imSobiaros, rom ar damaxinjdes, xolo siyvaruli sul ufro iqceva raRac `zemoralur~ sawyisad, romelmac xanmokled mainc unda CauxSos kacs mankieri socialuri vnebani da Tundac fizikurad ganacdevinos bedniereba...… magram mopasani TviTonac grZnobs am `gamosavlis~ siyalbes da misi ukanaskneli qmnilebebidan sul ufro gamosWvivis vareniseuli azri, rom kacis erTaderT namdvil, `cxadsa da ueWvel~ xsnas sigiJe da sikvdili warmoadgens.

da dasasrul, Zlier cvlilebas ganicdis Txrobisa da xatvis mopasaniseuli manerac. Tuki manamdel TxzulebebSi mopasani mkacrad icavda Tavis maswavlebelTa principebs, — rom mwerali unda iyos `obieqturi xelovani~, romelic mxolod laparakobs da arasodes ar fiqrobs Tavis gmirTa magier, ise rom misi `pirovneba wignis TaviseburebaSi qreba~ (floberi); da rom `fsiqologi iseve unda qrebodes mxatvarSi, rogorc ConCxi uCinardeba cocxalsa da Tbil sxeulSi, romelsac mtkice, magram uxilav sayrdenad emsaxureba (turgenevi), — axla misi stili sul ufro iRebs `Tanamedrove~, subieqtivistur-fsiqologistur xasiaTs. gmirTa obieqturi qcevisadmi interess enacvleba maTi subieqturi `Sidasamyarosadmi~ yuradRebis gamaxvileba. moqmedeba mZimdeba da dundeba, mis energiul dinebas abrkolebs da wyvets gmirTa ganwyobilebis, gancdebisa da fiqrebis detaluri analizi, avtoris lirikul-refleqsuri Carevebi da Txrobis saerTo mWvretelur-aRwerilobiTi toni.

yvela es ideur-mxatvruli cvlileba arsebiTad `antimopasanuri~ xasiaTisa iyo, `funTuSas~ da `lamazi megobris~ Semqmnels organulad eucxoveboda. amitomac mopasans uTuod unda egrZno, rom Tavisi bunebis winaaRmdeg midis da sakuTari Tavisagan es dacileba, cxadia, sastikad unda gaZneleboda.

da marTlac, Tavis or ukanasknel romans igi udidesi gaWirvebiT wers, xolo 1891 wlis agvistoSi poet ogiust dorSens Tavisi morigi romanis xelnaweris gamo eubneba: `ai Cemi romanis `anJelusis~ ormocdaaTi gverdi, mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi amas striqonic ver mivumate, Tu sam TveSi wigni ver davasrule, Tavs moviklav~-o.

xelnawers araferi momatebia da 1892 wlis 2 ianvars mopasanma, ukve bodviT mdgomareobaSi Cavardnilma, Tumca warumateblad, magram mainc Seasrula sityva: yelSi dana Caica. amis Semdeg igi fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi moaTavses, sadac kidevac gardaicvala 1893 wlis 6 ivliss.

cxadia, didi roli aq avadmyofobamac iTamaSa, romelmac bolo xanebSi aranormalobis aSkara niSnebi daamCnia mwerals. da `lamazi megobris~ gamo Suris maZiebelma Jurnalistebmac `gaiRes~ TavianTi wvlili: jer gazeTSi aseTi sensaciuri cnoba gamoaqveynes — `b-n mopasanis janmrTelobis gauareseba. uaxlos xanSi mas fsiqiatriul saavadmyofoSi moaTavseben~, xolo Semdeg ukanasknel cnobaTa svetSi mTeli ori kvira imaze imsjeles, `ukve gagiJda Tu ara~, ramac sastiki Tavzari dasca bedSavs, romelsac ukve ramdenime wlis win dasCemeboda gagiJebis SiSi.

magram yovelive aman mxolod gaamZafra da srulqmna oqros kerpis samyaroSi xelovanis tragediis es erT-erTi umkveTresi magaliTi, romelsac mopasanis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba hqvia.

oriode sityvac `lamazi megobris~ qarTuli TargmanisaTvis. masze igive iTqmis, rac mixeil javaxiSvilis sakuTar stilzea saTqmeli — es ukanaskneli mopasanisas enaTesaveba, romelic ambobda, `stili ar unda igrZnobodeso~: moklebulia yovelgvar xelovnurobas, maRalfardovnebas da literaturulobas, JRers, rogorc cocxali qarTuli, romelsac qarTveli kaci ise `ubralod~ ambobs da ismens, rom arc yurs ugdebs da arc ufiqrdeba, romelic ise aris, rom ar yviris, varo, da aseve winamdebare Targmanic: mas Targmanoba ar emCneva, igi ise ikiTxeba, rogorc qarTulad dawerili wigni, Tundac mixeil javaxiSvilisave romanebi.