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Impact of harvesting on habitats and ecosystems


Impacts of commercial harvest on habitats and ecosystems may be positive or negative in nature. Impacts on habitats from commercial harvest are more likely to be positive than negative, due to biodiversity benefits resulting from total grazing pressure management. These include an increase in regeneration of native vegetation, increased recruitment (although for some arid-zone plant species recruitment may be most closely linked to episodic rainfall events) and a reduction in the extent of non-palatable weed species.

Kangaroo harvest allows for kangaroo grazing pressure to be managed as a component of total grazing pressure. When managed in combination with sustainable stocking practices and management of feral herbivores this would be likely to help reduce the effects of overgrazing in some areas.

Potential negative impacts of harvesting on habitats and ecosystems include potential damage to vegetation and soil structure through Field Processors driving off-track and the food source and potential disease risk provided by offcuts of commercial harvest.

Offcuts of commercial harvest are produced when Field Processors dress a carcass at the site of shooting. Several carcasses may be dressed at the one site, leaving small piles of offcuts called dumps (Wilson & Read 2003). These offcut dumps can provide a food resource for feral predators such as foxes. However, they can also provide positive impacts such as improved soil nutrition, and as a food resource for native scavengers.

Potential negative impacts of harvesting on habitats and ecosystems are minimised through:


  • The presence of offcuts in ecosystems is minimised through full carcass only shooting in South Australia.

  • The impacts of offcuts tend to be localised in nature.

Appendix 2. Permit types and detail


This section contains detail on the various permit types related to kangaroo management, including Field Processor, Meat Processor and Skin Tanner Permits, and Permits to Destroy Wildlife. The issue of commercial harvest quotas to properties via a Commercial Harvesting Authority is also shown.

Permits are issued in accordance with the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 and subordinate regulations. Permit conditions are reviewed regularly and may change during the life of this plan. Any changes to the conditions will need to be in accordance with this management plan and the Commonwealth will be notified of any significant changes.


Commercial Harvesting Authority




Authority

Authorises the harvesting of kangaroos on specified land in accordance with section 60J of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 and this management plan.

Kangaroos are subtracted from commercial quota allocations for a particular harvest region.



Relevant detail

Land must be located within an area with a current commercial quota allocation

The quota is notified in writing to the owner of the specified lands and accepted by the owner of the specified lands.

The quota is valid for a particular period of time, as specified on the authority.

The quota is valid for particular lands, as specified on the authority.

The quota is valid for particular species, as specified on the authority.


Further detail

For further detail see the National Parks and Wildlife (Kangaroo Harvesting) Regulations 2003, or any amended versions of these regulations.

Proposed changes

Quota issue may change during the life of this plan, changing from a property-focused system.


Kangaroo Field Processor




Permit

Holds a permit issued under section 60J of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 in accordance with the Kangaroo Harvesting Regulations.

Permit allows for the permit holder to take kangaroos by means of a firearm on land for which there is a commercial quota, field-dress the carcasses into a form suitable for sale, and sell the carcasses to a Kangaroo Meat Processor.



Accreditation

The applicant must hold a current Firearms Licence (Class B5 or B7 or as otherwise recommended by SAPOL).

The applicant must have successfully completed an approved Kangaroo Field Processors Firearms Accuracy Accreditation Course in South Australia, or another state.

The applicant must have successfully completed the Game Meat Field Hygiene Course run by Primary Industries and Resources South Australia.


Relevant detail

The permit holder may shoot kangaroos only on land on which they have the landholder’s permission to shoot.

The permit holder may shoot kangaroos only in accordance with allocated quotas and sealed tags, and must shoot no more than the total available number of each species as indicated by a valid commercial harvesting authority.

All kangaroos must be shot in accordance with the Commercial Code

The permit holder must affix to each kangaroo carcass a commercial use, sealed tag issued in accordance with regulations. A royalty for each tag must be paid to DEWNR. Each uniquely-numbered tag is subtracted from the quota, and allows for an individual carcass to be tracked through the processing chain. The permit holder must attach the appropriate tag for each species of kangaroo that is harvested, and the tag must be valid for the land on which the kangaroo is taken. The tags are self-locking and can only be removed from the carcass or skin when it is processed.

The permit holder may sell kangaroos only in the format approved under regulation 36 of the National Parks and Wildlife (Kangaroo Harvesting) Regulations 2003 for sale to persons holding a Kangaroo Meat Processor permit.

The permit holder must keep records of kangaroos that are harvested, and supply harvest returns to DEWNR in the approved format.



Further detail

For further detail see the National Parks and Wildlife (Kangaroo Harvesting) Regulations 2003, or any amended versions of these regulations.

Proposed changes

Commercial harvesting authorities have been issued to individual properties (or consortia of properties) indicating the available quota for harvest. This system changes during the life of this plan.
Kangaroo Meat Processor




Permit

Holds a permit issued under section 58 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972.

Permit allows for the permit holder to keep and sell kangaroo meat products and skins.



Accreditation

The applicant must have a thorough knowledge of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 and regulations under this Act.

The permit holder must be accredited by Primary Industries and Resources South Australia.



Relevant detail

The permit holder may purchase kangaroo carcasses only from a Kangaroo Field Processor in South Australia, or from an accredited dealer that has obtained carcasses in accordance with an accredited interstate kangaroo harvest program.

The permit holder must purchase or accept only those kangaroo carcasses that have a sealed tag affixed (both for carcasses taken within South Australia, or imported from another state).

The permit holder must obtain import or export permits, issued under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 for consignments of kangaroo products that enter or leave South Australia. (NB: export of kangaroo products from Australia requires a separate export permit issued by the Commonwealth).

The permit holder must keep records of carcasses and skins that are purchased and sold, and supply returns to DEWNR in the approved format.



Further detail

For further detail see the National Parks and Wildlife (Kangaroo Harvesting) Regulations 2003 and the Wildlife Variation Regulations 2003, or any amended versions of these regulations.

Proposed changes

During the life of this plan, this is likely to change to a system that allows for Field Processors to sell carcasses to a licensed kangaroo meat processor of their choice.


Kangaroo Skin Tanner




Permit

Holds a permit issued under section 58 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972.

Permit allows for the permit holder to keep and sell kangaroo skins.



Accreditation

The applicant must have a thorough knowledge of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 and regulations under this Act.

Relevant detail

The permit holder may purchase kangaroo skins only from a Kangaroo Meat Processor in South Australia, or from an accredited dealer that has obtained carcasses in accordance with an accredited interstate kangaroo harvest program.

The permit holder must purchase or accept only those kangaroo skins that have a sealed tag affixed (both for carcasses taken within South Australia, or imported from another state).

The permit holder must obtain import or export permits, issued under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, for consignments of kangaroo products that enter or leave South Australia. (NB: export of kangaroo products from Australia requires a separate export permit issued by the Commonwealth).

The permit holder must keep records of skins that are purchased and sold, and supply returns to DEWNR in the approved format.



Further detail

For further detail see the National Parks and Wildlife (Kangaroo Harvesting) Regulations 2003 and the Wildlife Variation Regulations 2003, or any amended versions of these regulations.


Permit to Destroy Wildlife (Non-Commercial/Damage mitigation)




Permit

Holds a permit issued under section 53(1)(c) of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972.

Permit allows for the permit holder to destroy a specified number of kangaroos that are causing, or are likely to cause, damage to the environment, or to stock, crops or other property.



Accreditation

Permit holder, or the person listed on the permit to shoot kangaroos, must hold a current firearms licence.

Permit holder, or the person listed on the permit to shoot kangaroos, must have an understanding of the Non-Commercial Code, and must have the marksmanship skills to shoot kangaroos in accordance with the Non-Commercial Code.



Relevant detail

Kangaroos must be shot in accordance with the Non-Commercial Code.

Where a permit holder is unable to shoot in accordance with the Non-Commercial Code, or wishes to list another person to conduct the shooting, they are able to list another person on the permit to conduct the shooting.

Carcasses must be left in the field or disposed of in accordance with carcass management options approved by DEWNR.

Carcasses can be used for personal purposes with personal use tags that are issued against a specific permit in accordance with regulations. Where carcasses are to be used, a valid personal use sealed tag must be attached to each carcass after shooting and must remain on the carcass or skin until it is used. A royalty must be paid to DEWNR for each personal use tag.

The permit holder must provide a return of the number of animals actually destroyed to DEWNR in the approved format.



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