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National Biodiversity Strategy and Action PlanPromotes incentives “to farmers to conserve and cultivate local varieties of food crops” and “to encourage diversification of food and tree crops appropriate to local soil conditions” This strategy on national bio diversity is implemented from Plant Variety Protection law, that the utilization and development of fruit superior varieties have been protecting by law that be based on agribusiness Collection, Conservation and Characterization for Fruit CropsThis project is funded by the government of Indonesia and lays the groundwork for the proposed project. These project activities have been applied on fruits priority commodities such as banana, mangosteen, mango, citrus, zalacca, papaya and rambutan. Exploration on banana was priority to got wild species that shown character resistant or tolerant to Fusarium wilt disease. Exploration also was done on Zalacca to collect and evaluate genetic resources in indigenous plant and superior local cultivated varieties. On papaya exploration was focused on collection, evaluation for breeding programme to get materials that has good performance and productivity. So that, in 2002 was released 2 varieties of papayas that has specific character as short time on fruit initiation namely Sarirona and Sarigading papaya c.v. IFRURI breeding programme activities There is an activity to cover germplasm on fruits and conservation, also responsible to the utilization of fruit genetic resources. It had been running since 1997, especially on germplasm collection management. Within 5 years, IFRURI has released several important fruit superior varieties, such as 7 superior varieties of citrus, 2 lanciums (duku, Ind.), 2 avocados, 5 mangos, 2 mangosteens, 5 rambutans, and 2 bananas. This cultivated fruits material is a reflection of the germplasm or fruit genetic resources utilization, rehabilitation and implementation of IFRURI breeding programme National Commission on Plant Genetic Resources Department of Agriculture developed some rules to protect genetic resources: 1).No 12/1994 about Plant Cultivation; 2)No 16/1996 about Biodiversity Protection; 3).No 29/2000 about Plant Variety Protection Malaysia Malaysia’s National Policy on Biological Diversity (1998) This policy is coordinated by the Ministry of Science (1998) and includes objectives to optimize economic benefits from sustainable utilization of the components of biological diversity and ensure long-term food security for the nation. The policy also aimed at maintaining and improving environmental stability for proper functioning of ecological systems as well as ensuring preservation of the biological heritage for the benefit of the present and future generations. The Eighth Malaysia Plan (2001 – 2005) Specifies actions in the context of managing fruits and vegetables, a priority given their high development potential. Sustainable forest management practices will be expanded. Malaysia’s Third National Agricultural Policy (1998-2010) Malaysia’s Third National Agricultural Policy (1998-2010) calls for conservation and utilization of natural resources on a sustainable basis, supports enhancement of research and conservation, capacity building, and access to genetic resources. Agricultural development policies are guided by the National Agricultural Policy (NAP) aimed for market-led, commercialised, efficient, competitive and dynamic agricultural sector within the context of sustainable development. The NAP encourages a more efficient use of the present agricultural land to increase productivity rates, as opposed to clearing of new lands. Thailand Policy on Natural and Cultural Environments (Thailand’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan) The aim of Thailand’s Policy on Natural and Cultural Environments (Thailand’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan) is to protect, preserve, conserve, and rehabilitate the natural and cultural environment to maintain the natural and cultural heritage of the country National Policy on Natural Resources (1997-2016) This policy combines scientific, management and awareness aspects. It focuses on: efficiency, coordination and sustainability of natural resource uses; building knowledge through research and information management; enhancement of natural resource management through decentralization, public-private linkages and community participation, and adoption of supportive legal and regulatory frameworks; and application of resource economics Thailand’s National Development Plan Collection of germplasm, evaluation, conservation, breeding and improvement are the target areas of research. Tropical Fruit Industry development is a priority in this plan. National Policies Measures and Plans This policy is considered a national strategy for implementation of the convention and direct response to actions called for by Article 6 of the Convention. A large scale implementation of the strategy on conservation and sustainable use of national resources will be assisted by a number of legislations and administration measures as the following: 1) Plant Varieties Act; 2) Plant Quarantine Act; 3)Community forest Act; 4) Coastal and Fishery Resources Management; 5) Transparence Zoning of Forests and Urban Land; 6) Participatory designation of economic Zone for agricultural production; 7) Reduction of chemical usage in agricultural practices; 8) Promotion of public participation in natural resources management; 9) Promoting sustainable agriculture; 10) National Park Act; 11) Wildlife Protection and Preservation Act; 12) Forest Act; 13) Plant Varieties Protection Act.This policy will cover strategies that emphasize upon increasing roles and participation of local population, enhancing knowledge of biological roles and participation of local population, enhancing knowledge of biological resources and monitoring and controlling effects from human activities to integrity of biodiversity DOA Regulation 1992 Conservation of biodiversity in Thailand has been enhanced by the enactment of this regulation on the collection and conservation of plant species in-situ, ex-situ and in genebank. The regulation has provided common procedures for systematic collection and conservation of plant species in the country and from overseas. To date a number of plant varieties, species and accessions have been collected in research stations, research centers and botanic gardens throughout the country. Most of these centers and stations are operated under the Ministry of Agriculture and cooperatives and contain a collection of main varieties of agricultural and forestry importance. The activities for achieving sustainable management of plant genetic resources may be concentrated on the categories as the following 1) Conservation aspects; 2) Monitoring aspects; 3) Capacity building; 4) Utilization aspect Annex 5. Project Linkage with UNEP’s Programme of Work and UNEP’s mandate in GEF BACKGROUND1. From the outset in 1972, UNEP's land-related activities have focused on medium- to long-term solutions for desertification. UNEP contributed significantly to the implementation of the United Nations Plan of Action to Combat Desertification (UNPACD), which subsequently led to the ratification of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Since then UNEP’s role has gradually changed from global co-ordination of UNPACD to supporting the implementation of the UNCCD. This is most visible in UNEP's mandate as the Task Manager for the Chapter 12 of Agenda 21. 2. In the 1980s, UNEP developed the World Soils Policy which recognised the fact that soil is a finite resource, and that continuously increasing demands are being placed on this resource to feed, clothe, house and provide energy for a growing world population and to provide ecological balance. Governments agreed in the World Soils Policy that the use of soils should be based on the sound principals of resource management in order to enhance soil productivity, to prevent soil erosion and degradation, and to reduce the loss of good farmland to non-farm purposes. 3. In co-operation with the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), UNEP contributed to the World Soil Charter and assisted developing countries to formulate their national soil policies. On the international level, those instruments have contributed to raising the profile of soil conservation as a major international environmental issue. Also during the 1980s, UNEP started to examine the integration of climate change impact and of issues related to land management. 4. UNEP, in co-operation with international partners, carried out global and regional assessments in the early 1990s in order to gain fast and reliable data on the global status of human-induced soil degradation. These assessments currently serve as the main reference on the global extent of land degradation. OBJECTIVES5. UNEP’s ultimate mandate is to contribute to sustainable development and poverty reduction by focussing on specific environmental dimensions. Based on UNEP’s expertise and its renewed mandate as in the Nairobi Declaration, UNEP’s five primary objectives with regard to land use management and soil conservation are identified as follows:
GEF PROJECT LINKAGE WITH OBJECTIVES OF UNEP’S LAND USE POLICY AND BEST PRACTICES NETWORK6. The proposed project “Conservation and sustainable use of cultivated and wild tropical fruit diversity: promoting sustainable livelihoods, food security and ecosystem services” complements UNEP’s objectives and global programmes in sustainable land management. 7. Improved science-policy interaction is required in order to strengthen and extend knowledge systems as outlined in the WSSD Plan of Implementation and WEHAB framework for action. UNEP achieves this by strengthening and extending its partnerships with scientific centres of excellence in the area of land use management and soil conservation. Continued compilation and dissemination of information on best practises in land use management, including the development of databases, is another important component in supporting policy implementation. UNEP has recently established the Best Practices and Success Stories Global Network (BSGN). BSGN is UNEP's one-stop-shop for environmental Best Practices and Success Stories (www.unep.org/bsgn/). BSGN seeks to enhance the visibility of and raise awareness about environmentally sound practices and about the successful implementation of environmental initiatives of the global community in general, and UNEP in particular. It is a network of partners that will help to encourage knowledge sharing and promote replication of successful practices wherever possible. BSGN is a UNEP-wide service showcasing the impacts of its work, that of its collaborators, and the global public towards poverty alleviation, sustainable development, and environmental protection. The mission of the BSGN is to enable people throughout the world to improve the quality of life, by sharing knowledge and creating partnerships in caring for the environment. The network seeks to empower people through the provision of information on environmentally sound practices. BSGN's operations and services are aimed at providing information and advisory services on environmental management, with a bias on the key areas of institution-building. As such, BSGN seeks to grow a network of partners dedicated to sharing information on innovative practices and the application of lessons learned. These partners serve as regional as well as thematic resource centers ensuring geographic coverage and providing specialised, technical, and substantive support to the provision of information on key sectoral and crosscutting environmental issues. BSGN, by way of this website, also acts as a clearing-house for her partners in the collection of best practice and success story submissions for various schemes. These services are extended to include storage, vetting and evaluation, submission to award schemes, and specialised information management requirements, as deemed necessary but the partners. BSGN's services also include Content Syndication to disseminate data from our repository, or in association with our partners, from other specialized sources, to other websites or Internet-based destinations. These services will soon be extended to cater off-line requirements. Tools and methods of the proposed project will be disseminated via BSGN in addition to the mechanisms identified in the PDF B. 8. UNEP is working in a variety of ways to support international efforts to maintain or increase agricultural productivity. UNEP hosts the Sustainable Agri-food Production and Consumption Forum (www.agrifood-forum.net) which provides access to information on key issues such as agrobiodiversity, water, energy, climate change, chemicals, desertification, consumption, trade and poverty. The Forum’s purpose is to help users understand the environmental implications of various agri-food production and consumption issues so that they can respond appropriately. Experience gained during the proposed project will be disseminated via the Forum. PROJECT LINKAGE WITH UNEP’S MANDATE IN GEF 10. The proposed project is consistent with the following areas of UNEP’s mandate in the GEF, as identified in the UNEP Action Plan on Complementarity, approved by the May 1999 GEF council meeting:
1It is well recognized that the total genetic diversity in any species consists of cultivated types, wild types and their wild relatives, composed of primary, secondary and tertiary genepools (sensu Harlan 1971) 3 Good practice is a system, organization or process, which, over time maintains, enhances and creates crop genetic diversity, and ensures its availability to and from farmers and other actors for improved livelihoods on a sustainable basis. (Sthapit et al. 2003a). 4 Relevant institutions and expertise will be identified during the process of institutional analysis. 5 Centres of Excellence in Asia, the Pacific and Oceania region use partnerships and networking to develop and implement training courses by identifying and assisting key institutions in the region to provide sustained training. 6The Nepal country component runs several IPGRI supported projects: 1) DGIS (1997-2001) and IDRC (2002-2004) funded “Strengthening scientific basis of in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity in Nepal”, 2) DGIS and IDRC funded “Genetic Resources Policy Initiative” project, 3) SDC funded home gardens project and 4) IFAD funded “Enhancing the Contribution of Nutritious but Neglected Crops to Food Security and to Incomes of the Rural Poor: Asia Component –Nutritious Millets”. 7Nodal farmers select, maintain and exchange fruit cultivars. In this case they were identified by using criteria such as: frequency of mention of their names as source of seed in the community, their links with other individuals in obtaining genetic materials for themselves from within or outside the community, maintaining relatively high diversity, and perceived source of knowledge. (Subedi et al. 2003). |