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Annex 1.Tropical Fruits UNEP/GEF PDF-B Project Values of Project Fruits CITRUSNutritional value: Citrus contains organic acids, amino acids, ascorbic acid and minerals, and small quantities of flavonoids, carotenoids, volatiles and lipids. Citrus fruits are low in protein and fats but are a good source of pectin and roughage. Ascorbic acid, folic acid, potassium and Vitamin B are known to be an important part of a balanced diet. Nutrient composition per 100 gm edible portion (Pareek et al. 1998)
Medicinal value: Citrus maxima (Pumello) rind is effective for dyspepsia, colic and cough, and its seed envelopes contain pectin, which is a haemostatic. The seeds, stripped of their envelope and charred, are applied externally for impetigo. The fresh leaves of C. maxima, in combination with leaves from other aromatic plants, are used to treat coryza, influenza and headache. Heated young leaves are effective for treating bruises (Prajapati et al, 2003). C. limon (Lemon) fruits are useful in dyspepsia, flatulence, colic, constipation, anorexia, helminthiasis, scabies, fatigue, halitosis, vomiting, trembling of the limbs, hemicrania, cough, bronchitis and heartburn (Prajapati et al. 2003). C. medica (Buddha’s finger) are useful in pharyngodynia, cough, asthma, hiccough, hyperdipsia, otalgia, anorexia, vomiting, hepatopathy, flatulence, haemorrhoids, haemoptysis, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, dysentery, leprosy and skin diseases. The seeds are stimulant, anti-inflammatory, emmenagogue and tonic, and treat inflammations, skin diseases, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea and haemorrhoids. The leaves are anodyne (Prajapati et al. 2003). The juice of C. aurantium L., mixed with coconut or castor oil, is used as a laxative. The new leaves are used to treat abdominal pain. The bark of leaves are boiled and taken to treat urinary tract infections. (Prajapati et al. 2003) Other uses: The pulp or the macerated leaves of citrus are used for washing hair in Guam, Samoa and Fiji (Walter and Chanel, 2002). C. nobilis (Mandarin orange) symbolizes good luck for the Chinese community and it is usually given as a gift in the lunar New Year. C. maxima (Pumello) is used as a salad vegetable in Asia and is eaten by dipping it in chilli-hot sauce (Inglis 1996). Citrus limon (Lemon) makes a nutritious fruit juice (Chin and Yong 1980). C. limon oil is also employed in perfumes, toilet waters, eau de cologne and soaps. The oil is also used to prepare terpeneless oil and ‘concentrated oils’ which are more stable on storage and have a better solubility in dilute alcohol (Shiva et al. 2002). C. hystrix (Wild lime) is used to flavour Asian foods. Citrus medica is used for fruit arrangements (Chin and Yong 1980). C. microcarpa gives the sour taste for “sambal” and various noodles (Aman 1999). Citrus aurantifolia is used for flavouring soft drinks, especially cola and lemon-lime types, ice-cream, candy, baked goods, gelatines, puddings, chewing gum and condiments. Market value: The potential to broaden and improve citrus germplasm and to increase production and income in Asian countries is significant. Most Citrus breeding programmes, separated for scions and rootstocks, occur outside of Asia. The diversity within primary genepools in Asia (Citrus genus) has great potential to improve the various fruit quality traits (rich colour, higher total soluble solids and seedlessness), to diversify maturing for expanding the marketing season, and to improve the fruit structure and storability to expand the distribution potential. Production figures for citrus are as follows (figures in metric tons): India: 4,580,000 (2002)* Indonesia: 411,000 (2002)* Malaysia: 27,391 (2002)* Thailand 1,081,800 (2002) * |