FJournal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine Volume 42, Issue 2 Abstracts

翻譯：蘇星彥

摘要：一隻六歲的溫哥華土撥鼠公獸出現體重下降、體幹兩側對稱性脫毛以及無法順利冬眠的症狀，之後在其腹腔中發現間質細胞瘤，經手術將腫瘤移除。術前血中雌激素濃度明顯飆高，但在腫瘤取出後又下降，顯示此為具分泌功能的間質細胞瘤。九個月後，這隻土撥鼠又出現喘鳴的症狀，且經斷層掃描後，在鼻腔中發現大型的骨質團塊。評估後決定進行減積手術，但這隻土撥鼠麻醉後，就沒有再醒來。病理診斷後確認鼻腔的團塊為骨肉瘤，且篩板已被溶解。此外，也發現心內膜纖維化及相連心肌的退化。此病例為溫哥華土撥鼠，第一個鼻腔骨肉瘤和間質細胞瘤的病例報告。

關鍵詞：溫哥華島土撥鼠學名、腫瘤、鼻腔骨肉瘤、間質細胞瘤

Pages 335-337

Stephanie A. Norman, D.V.M., M.S., Michael M. Garner, D.V.M., Dipl. A.C.V.P., Susan Berta, B.A., Sandra Dubpernell, B.A., M.S., and Matthew Klope, B.S.

Abstract: A large number of vaginal calculi were observed in a juvenile harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) stranded on Whidbey Island, Washington. Vaginal calculi have been reported in other species, but not in harbor porpoises. Histologic examination of the urinary tract revealed mucosal hyperplasia most likely attributable to the calculi. The calculi were numerous (>30), composed completely of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), and on culture yielded Enterococcus spp., a bacterium not usually associated with struvite urolith formation in domestic animals. The only other lesion of note was severe hepatic lipidosis, and its relationship to the development of the vaginal calculi is unknown.

Key words: Harbor porpoise, hepatic lipidosis, Phocoena phocoena, struvite, vaginal calculi.

翻譯：蘇星彥

摘要：一隻擱淺於華盛頓州Whidbey島的未成年港灣鼠海豚，被發現有大量的陰道結石。陰道結石曾於其他種的海豚身上發現過，但目前仍未有港灣鼠海豚的病例報告。由尿道的組織學檢查來看，結石的生成可能是黏膜增生所造成。結石的數量超過30個，皆為栓子（磷酸銨鎂），經細菌培養後可分離出腸球菌，不過大多數家畜的腸球菌感染，與尿路栓子型結石的形成並不常有關聯。其他在這隻海豚發現的唯一病變是嚴重的脂肪肝，但它和陰道結石的關連性目前仍不清楚。

關鍵詞：港灣鼠海豚、脂肪肝、港灣鼠海豚學名、尿路栓子、陰道結石

Pages 338-341

James E. F. Barnett, B.Sc., B.VSc., Nicholas J. Davison, Susan M. Thornton, B.Vet.Med., B.Sc., Paul Riley, B.V.M.&S., Tamara Cooper, B.Sc., and Mark E. Wessels, B.Vet.Med.

Abstract: A 4-yr-old male captive hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), previously diagnosed as hypothyroid, died after a 3-wk period of lethargy and inappetance despite treatment that included intramuscular administration of antibiotics and multivitamins. Gross pathologic findings included extensive muscle necrosis over the left flank, an underlying necrotic iliac lymph node, two necrotic pulmonary masses and a necrotic bronchial lymph node. Routine cultures yielded a number of bacterial isolates and a heavy pure fungal growth from the necrotic iliac lymph node; wet preparations of which revealed sporangiophores typical of Mucor sp. Histopathology of necrotic muscle, pulmonary lesions and bronchial and iliac lymph nodes revealed necrosis with a marked pyogranulomatous and eosinophilic inflammatory cell infiltrate and fungal hyphae consistent with a Zygomycete species. This is believed to be the first report of systemic mucormycosis in a pinniped likely to have originated from an injection site reaction.

Key words: Hooded seal, Cystophora cristata, Mucor, injection site reaction, pathology.

翻譯：蘇星彥

摘要：一隻圈養的四歲公冠海豹，被診斷出甲狀腺機能低落，在經過三周精神不濟，且食慾不振，並經肌肉注射抗生素和多種維他命治療，身體狀況沒有改善後死亡。病理檢查發現，左體側的肌肉大量壞死，其下各一個壞死性的腸骨淋巴結和支氣管淋巴結，也在肺部發現兩個壞死的團塊。例行性的培養分離出不少細菌菌株，在壞死的腸骨淋巴結，更有了大量純的黴菌長出。濕片檢查發現，藉孢子囊柄的特徵，鑑別出為白黴菌屬的感染。在壞死之肌肉、肺部病變、腸骨及支氣管淋巴結的組織病理學檢查中，發現了壞死的組織，有明顯的膿性肉芽腫及嗜伊紅性炎症細胞的浸潤，也發現由接合菌型黴菌的菌絲組成。據信，此病例為鰭足亞目（海豹）第一個全身性白黴菌感染的病例報告，推測可能是因注射部位的局部反應所導致。

關鍵詞：冠海豹、冠海豹學名、白黴菌、注射部位的局部反應、病理學

Pages 342-347

Marcos Rogério André, D.V.M., M.Sc., Cristina Harumi Adania, D.V.M., Ph.D., Silmara Marques Allegretti, Ph.D., and Rosangela Zacarias Machado, D.V.M., Ph.D.

翻譯: 林育禎

摘要: 血巴東蟲是缺乏細胞壁的寄生性細菌，主要寄生在紅血球上，此病原體在許多哺乳類動物都會造成傳染性貧血。本研究使用分子技術來檢測巴西動物園新熱帶區及野生的犬科和貓科動物，血液樣本中有無血巴東蟲的存在。血液樣本收集自聖保羅地區、馬托格羅索地區及聯邦區等地區的巴西動物園。共有146個樣本來自巴西野生貓科動物、19個來自外來貓科動物、3個來自灰狼，以及94個來自巴西的野生犬科動物。利用傳統聚合酶鏈結反應，共有22個（13％）野生貓科動物檢測出有犬血巴東蟲(Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum) [其中4個來自美洲豹；3個來自美洲獅；10個來自豹貓；2個來自小豹貓，以及3個來自小斑點貓]。僅有1個來自小斑點貓的血液樣本，呈貓血巴東體(Mycoplasma haemofelis)陽性，並無任何血液樣本呈Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis陽性。兩個來自叢林犬的樣本，呈極似Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum之血巴東蟲陽性和兩個來自灰狼的樣本，呈極似犬血巴東體(Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum)之血巴東蟲陽性。這是在野生犬科動物第一個關於分子檢測血巴東蟲的研究。

關鍵字: 貓血巴東體、犬血巴東體、 Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum、野生犬科動物、野生貓科動物、巴西

Pages 348-350, 2011

Rolando Quesada, D.V.M., Scott B. Citino, D.V.M., Dipl. A.C.Z.M., Jeremiah T. Easley, D.V.M., Natalie Hall, D.V.M., Mathew T. Brokken, D.V.M., Dipl. A.C.V.S., and Murray P. Brown, D.V.M., M.Sc., Dipl. A.C.V.S.

Abstract: A 4-mo-old, 185-kg male giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata) was presented due to stifle effusion and lameness of 3-wk duration. Radiographs revealed a fracture of the extensor fossa of the lateral trochlear ridge of the femur at the origin of the peroneus tertius. Under anesthesia, dysfunction of the reciprocal apparatus was documented by flexing the stifle while the tarsus remained extended. An avulsion fracture of the origin of the peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum longus muscle was diagnosed. An exploratory arthroscopy of the femorotibial joint was followed by arthrotomy to excise the large bone fragment from its soft tissue attachments. Because of the fractious temperament of the animal, postoperative care was restricted to stall rest for 3 mo, and no postoperative complications arose. Only a mild residual lameness remained by 6 mo after surgery.

Key words: Arthrotomy, giraffe, lameness, peroneus tertius, reciprocal apparatus, stifle

外科手術治療網紋長頸鹿發生在第三腓骨肌起端之扯離性骨折

翻譯: 林育禎

摘要: 一隻4個月大185公斤的雄性長頸鹿，因膝關節積液且跛足長達3週之久而被送往治療。經照X光片後，發現在第三腓骨肌起端股骨外側滑車脊上的伸肌窩有骨折。麻醉後，使彎曲膝蓋並將跗骨保持伸展，來查看相對應的肌肉骨骼組織功能有無異常。最後診斷出是第三腓骨起端處和趾長伸肌的扯離性骨折。經關節切開術後使用脛骨關節鏡，把與軟組織粘連的大型骨碎片剝離取出。因為動物的性情暴躁，所以術後照顧把其限制在圍欄內休息3個月，且無發生術後併發症。在手術6個月後，僅剩輕微的跛足情形。

關鍵字: 關節切開術、長頸鹿、跛足、第三腓骨肌、負責交互功能的組織、膝關節

Pages 351-353, 2011

Barbara D. Petty, D.V.M. and Scott P. Terrell, D.V.M., Dipl. A.C.V.P.

Abstract: A public aquarium with a 4-mo history of occasional fish mortalities submitted for necropsy an adult female largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) that died unexpectedly. Gross necropsy revealed that the pericardial cavity was markedly distended with partially coagulated blood. Examination of the heart revealed multiple nodular masses in the area of the atrium and two small perforations on the surface of one of the nodular masses. Histopathologic exam of the atrium revealed severe fibrinonecrotic endocarditis and transmural myocarditis with intralesional bacteria. A pure culture of Edwardsiella tarda was obtained from culture of posterior kidney and spleen. An area of stagnant water that may serve as the source of E. tarda was identified, and steps to rectify this problem were taken. Low-level supersaturation was also a significant stressor; the source of the supersaturation was not identified. To our knowledge, this is the first report of cardiac tamponade in a largemouth bass.

Key words: Micropterus salmoides, largemouth bass, endocarditis, Edwardsiella

加州鱸的心包填塞

翻譯: 林育禎

摘要: 一個公立水族館，因為過去4個月偶發性的死亡案例，送來了一隻成年雌性加州鱸要進行剖檢。肉眼剖檢下，發現心包腔明顯擴張，且局部有凝固的血液。心臟檢查發現，在心房區域有多發結節團塊，且在其中一個結節團塊表面有兩個穿孔存在。心房經病理檢查後，發現有嚴重纖維素壞死性心內膜炎和透壁性心肌炎病灶內含有細菌。只有愛德華氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)之菌落從後腎和脾的細胞培養中被分離出。已知停滯的水提供了愛德華氏菌(E. tarda)的生長來源，也已逐步改善此問題。低度的過飽和也是個重要的緊迫因子，但過飽和的源頭則尚未確認。據我們所知，這是首次針對在加州鱸心包填塞的報告。

關鍵字: 加州鱸學名、加州鱸、心內膜炎、愛德華氏菌(Edwardsiella)

Pages 354-356

Valeria Gayo, M.V., M.Sc., Pablo Cuervo, Vet., Diego Rosadilla, Br., Soledad Birriel, Br., Lucía Dell'Oca, Br., Alfredo Trelles, Tec. Agrop., Ulises Cuore, M.V., and Roberto Mera y Sierra, M.V., M.Sc.

Key words: Fasciola hepatica, kiyá, Myocastor coypus, nutria, Uruguay

翻譯：鄭以晴

摘要：由吸蟲類牛羊肝吸蟲造成人畜共通的肝吸蟲症，遍佈全球，近一千七百萬人有罹病的風險。囓齒目動物一般認為是主要的人畜共通傳染源，其中某些品種在流行病學中扮演重要的角色。本篇病例報告是烏拉圭第一起牛羊肝吸蟲，發生在海狸鼠或海狸鼠(美洲海狸鼠Myocastor coypus)的病例。不論是蟲體的含量或是蟲卵的產量，都比以前報告的量還高很多，這也證實牠是肝吸蟲的有效保蟲宿主及傳播者。雖然尚需進一步的研究，但在定訂肝吸蟲症有效管控計畫時，應將海狸鼠列入考量中。

關鍵詞：牛羊肝吸蟲學名、海狸鼠、海狸鼠學名、海狸鼠、烏拉圭

Pages 357-359

Joseph A. Smith, D.V.M., and John M. Kinsella, Ph.D.

Abstract: Striped possums (Dactylopsila trivirgata) are small arboreal marsupials for which limited medical information is known. Mastophorus muris is a gastric spirurid nematode of rodents that uses insects as intermediate hosts. Three cases of gastric spiruridiasis caused by M. muris in captive striped possums are reported for the first time. Diagnosis was made by the presence of adult nematodes in regurgitant and at necropsy. Low numbers of nematode ova shed intermittently in possum feces made evaluation of treatment success difficult. No histopathologic abnormalities were identified in one case. Control of M. muris in captive possum colonies may be achieved by interrupting the life cycle of the parasite.

Key words: Striped possum, Dactylopsila trivirgata, gastric spiruridiasis, Mastophorus muris, nematode

翻譯：鄭以晴

摘要：條紋袋貂是小型樹棲有袋類，目前對其已知的醫療資訊仍很有限。Mastophorus muri是囓齒類的胃旋尾線蟲，以昆蟲為中間宿主。本篇為首次發生三起圈養的條紋袋貂罹染胃旋尾線蟲病。確診依據為在胃逆流物中及屍解中發現成蟲。在袋貂糞便中只散布少量的蟲卵，這使評估治療成功率變得困難。在其中一個病例中，並未發現組織病理異常。藉由中斷寄生蟲的生活史也許可達到控制M. muris 在圈養的袋貂族群中的盛行率。

關鍵詞：條紋袋貂、條紋袋貂學名、胃旋尾線蟲病、Mastophorus muris、線蟲

Pages 360-362

Ellen B. Wiedner, V.M.D., Dipl. A.C.V.I.M., Noel Y. Takeuchi, M.S., Ramiro Isaza, D.V.M., M.S., Dipl. A.C.Z.M., and David Barber, Ph.D.

Abstract: Whole blood from 33 healthy captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) was analyzed for 12 trace elements: aluminum, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, mercury, and lead for the purpose of estimating preliminary baseline population parameters for these minerals. Metals were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Baseline ranges for all animals and for all trace elements were comparable to normal concentrations reported in other species. This is the first report of normal trace element levels in the blood of captive elephants.

Key words: Asian elephant, Elephas maximus, trace elements, trace metals, reference values, blood

翻譯：鄭以晴

摘要：研究分析33頭健康圈養亞洲象全血中的十二種微量元素含量：鋁、鉻、錳、鈷、鎳、銅、鋅、砷、硒、鎘、汞和鉛，藉此估算這些礦物質的初步群體參數基礎值。金屬離子藉由感應耦合電漿質譜分析儀(ICP-MS)量化。每隻象的基礎值範圍及所有微量元素皆與其他物種的正常濃度進行比較。這是第一篇有關圈養象血液正常微量元素量的報告。