SECTION V – PROJECT POTENTIAL ENVIROMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
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Potential environmental impacts -
Positive environmental impacts
The project will be primarily concerned with improvement of existing irrigation and drainge scheme, rather than the construction of new ones, the environmental impacts are expected to be positive in that farm incomes will rise, employment will be created and quality of farmers' lives will improve. Adverse impacts will be limited, and mainly restricted to the
construction phase.
After completion of the project a total of 1,083,729 people benefit from the project, in which 29,857 ethnic minority people of SP1, SP2, SP4 and SP5 in Ha Giang and Hoa Binh provinces (arroud 2.75%) only. The female beneficiaries about 49-50% of total beneficiaries. The total area of irrigated farmland is 100,166ha, and aquaculture ponds 2881.7ha, to be divided into Sub-project Groups as follows:
Group 1- Rehabiliation, upgrading irrigation canals. Major improvement and modernization to existing under-ferforming infrastructure (SP6, SP7, SP9, SP10), all which will supply enough water for 64,013ha farmland, and 1,737ha aquacultural ponds, as well as domestic water uses of total beneficiaries 855,058 people in Thanh Hoa, Ha Tinh and Quang Nam Provinces.
Group 2- Improvement and protection works for existing dams and upgrade associated canal systems (SP1, SP5, SP8), including repairing of water leakage holes in dam bodies, increasing height and crest width of dam, consequence of more water volume will be keep in the reservoir in order to provide more water for users in the dry season and flood control. Beside that, more water can be flow into canal for irrigation to meet a designed flow, but not affected in flow regime in the downstream, which will be not affected to local communities in the dowmstream. After completion of these Sub-Projects, there are 113,564 beneficiaries, irrigated area 11,826ha farmland and 1,139.7ha aquacultural ponds, about 4,255 people can enough water for drinking and livestock development in Ha Giang, consisting ethnic minority beneficiaries living in Ha Giang, Hoa Binh province. There are 16,888 ethnic minority beneficiries living in Ha Giang and Hoa Binh Province (36% of beneficiaries of SP1 and SP5), they are Tày, H’Mông people living in Ha Giang, and Muong, Thai people living in Hoa Binh.
Group 3 - Upgrading and modernization of water pumps and electric pumps and associated weirs (SP4), with 21,448 beneficiaries of Hoa Binh province, in which 9,281 ethnic minority of Muong people (43%); 1,048ha irrigated farm land, and combining with electric generation and pounding rice.
Group 4- Refurbish infrastructure and Modernization of pumping stations (SP3) to drain water for low land annually, and rehabilitation, upgrading of five (05) irrigation pumping plants, as well as concrete on-farm canals, in order to supply water for always drought areas. The SP3 area covers drainage area of 16,765ha, irrigation area of 788ha, improving environment sanitation of 76,705 people in Tam Nong and Thanh Thuy Districts, Phu Tho Province.
Group 5- Construction of new multi-purpose village ponds (SP2). Total 17 village ponds will provide fresh water for 16,954people in the high land areas of 04 districts, Ha Giang Province, with minority people about 90%, and they will be happy to get clean water from these ponds, located close to their houses. At present, number of these people has to travel from 8 to 10km to get water in dry season.9
The project would improve water productivity each year and would reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers through balanced fertilization application and integrated pest management.
Component B of the project will not affected the natural ecological environment because almost of construction works are implemented on the existing works. None of any activity will be implemented in the protected areas. The investment project will not be affected by external factors such as climate change or development activities upstream of the system.
However, modemization of irrigation schemes would increase cropping intensity.After project completion, the irrigated area will be stable with100,166ha10, and consequence is eco-agriculture in the project provinces will be expanded, and more food will be produced.
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Potential negative environmental impacts and mitigation measures
The potential negative impacts and mitigation measures are presented to three phases of Project, and predicted based on the activities of proposed 10 Sub-Projects, in which 03 Sub-Projects are implemented in the 1st year11. The remaining Sub-Projects also apply these mitigation measures mentioned in Table 4 below.
Table 4: Potential negative environmental impacts and mitigation measures
NNo
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Potential negative Impacts
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Measures to be taken
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I- Pre-construction Phase.
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(1)
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Permanent and temporary land acquisition would be done before Construction Phase.
(See details in the Annex 1.1)
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Identify the amount and nature of land required, owner, and/or other issues and prepare a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) to provide compensation and/or assistance following the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), compliance with policies of Gov., and WB.
Apply for all Sub-Projects, which require involuntary land acquisition.
The Procedure of involuntary land acquisition present in detail in RAP report.
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(2)
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Involuntary Resettlement
(See details in the Annex 1.1)
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Resettlement requires for construction works will be compensated at replacement cost, according to policies of Gov and WB. The detail steps of resettlement present in the RAP.
Apply for Sub-Projects require relocation, in which all three (03) Sub-Projects implementation in 1st year do not required resettlement.
The procedure of resettlement present in detail in RAP report.
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(3)
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Likely to involve ethnic minorities and/or adversely affect ethnic groups
(See details in the Annex 1.1)
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CPMU, PPMU will be put in place to address negative impacts to ethnic minorities, cultural appropriated free, prior and informed consultations. The results of consultations will be discussed among CPO/CPMU, PPMU and WB representatives and decision making if EMDP needed.
Apply for Sub-Projects where ethnic minority people living, and see detail in EMDP report (if any).
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(4)
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Involve UXO risk ? for construction works requires to excavate more than 2m depth,
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If identified at the feasibility stage, include the clause in the EMP. The procedures would include: contact responsible agencies and complete the clearance before conducting construction activities. The subproject will be required to provide a UXO clearance certificate before undertaking site clearance and/or construction.
Apply for Sub-Projects require UXO
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II - Construction Phase
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Below are the guiding principles. For details mitigation measures, see ECOPs in Annex 3
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1
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Water/soil pollution
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Proper collection and disposals of water and wastewater, site management
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manage worker’s behaviours
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2
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Dust, noise and vibration
From materials unloadings, piling, operating construction plants etc
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Avoid sensitive hours and locations
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Contain granual materials
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Inform communities about construction schedules to avoid nuisane
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3
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Solid waste generation
e.g. excavated soils,packaging materials, municipals wastes generated by the workers
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Minimise waste generation
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Reuse non toxic wastes where possible
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Proper Collection and Disposal
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4
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Chemicals, Hazardous waste
Used oil, containers, fuels etc
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5
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Disruptions to traffic, existing public services: irrigation, electricity, water supply, drainage
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Consultation and get agreement with affected communities on service disruption period
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signboards
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Avoid sensitive hours
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Guide traffic
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6
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Erosion, sedimentation and
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manage stock piles and disturbed areas, particulary slops
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Restore/create vegetation covers
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Trap sediments in water flows
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7
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Localised flooding risks
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8
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Social Disturbance
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Inform affected communities about construction schedule
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Implement proper site management: construction wastes, domestic waste, wastewater, traffic, workers’s behaviour, working hours etc.
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Manage construction materials and wastes
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9
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Devalue landscape in the area
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minimise disturbed areas
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landscaping and restoration of disturbed areas
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10
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Sludges from canal dredging (may be contaminated)
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Determine quality and proper disposals
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11
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Communities and Workers’ health and safety risks
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Training, awareness raising
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Provide safety gears and monitor usage
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proper management of construction sites, materials and wastes: warning signs, restrict access restrict access, fire and hazard prevention
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(12
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loss or damage to cultural resources, including sites having archeological (prehistoric), paleontological, historical, religious, cultural and/or unique natural values, including physical relocation of grave.
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Follow the Chance Find Procedures detailed in Annex 3
Apply for Sub-Projects causing negative impacts to Physical Cultural Resources, (SP6 in phase 1 , and SP8 in phase 2).
The procedures to relocate those graves present in the RAPs of SP6, Thanh Hoa Province, and SP8, Quang Tri Province.
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III- Operation phase
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(1
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Likely to increase the use of pesticides and/or toxic chemicals (from agriculture and aquaculture production) that could affect soil quality, water quality, and/or water users downstream.
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During implementation, each province will prepare a plan for IPM activities and submit a report to IDA describing the extent o f the problem, training program, and recommendations for improvements.
Implement IPMP and provides training to farmers/fishers, support technology/finance. (see Annex 4)
Apply for all 09 Sub-Projects in Component B
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2
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Water quality in the multi-purpose ponds, Ha Giang Province
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The monitoring program of water quality is carried out regularly to ensure that the water quality satisfies MOH’s standards.
Apply for Sub-Project 2, Ha Giang Province
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