Biosecurity Australia (2008) Final Import Risk Analysis Report for Fresh Mango Fruit from India. Biosecurity Australia, Canberra.
The Australian Government acting through Biosecurity Australia has exercised due care and skill in preparing and compiling the information in this publication. Notwithstanding, Biosecurity Australia, its employees and advisers disclaim all liability to the maximum extent permitted by law, including liability for negligence, for any loss, damage, injury, expense or cost incurred by any person as a result of accessing, using or relying upon any of the information in this publication.
Final Import Risk Analysis Report for Fresh Mango Fruit from India 1
July 2008 1
Contents 1
List of Figures 2
List of Figures 2
List of Tables 3
List of Tables 3
Acronyms and abbreviations 5
Acronyms and abbreviations 5
Summary 7
Summary 7
1. Introduction 8
1. Introduction 8
1.1. Australia’s biosecurity policy framework 8
1.1. Australia’s biosecurity policy framework 8
1.2. This import risk analysis 8
1.2. This import risk analysis 8
2. Method for pest risk analysis 11
2. Method for pest risk analysis 11
2.1. Stage 1: Initiation 11
2.1. Stage 1: Initiation 11
2.2. Stage 2: Pest risk assessment 12
2.2. Stage 2: Pest risk assessment 12
2.3. Stage 3: Pest risk management 19
2.3. Stage 3: Pest risk management 19
3. India’s existing commercial production practices for fresh mango fruit 19
3. India’s existing commercial production practices for fresh mango fruit 19
3.1. Assumptions used to estimate unrestricted risk 19
3.1. Assumptions used to estimate unrestricted risk 19
3.2. Production 20
3.2. Production 20
3.3. Exports 20
3.3. Exports 20
3.4. Overview of cultivation practices and post-harvest management of fruit 21
3.4. Overview of cultivation practices and post-harvest management of fruit 21
4. Pest risk assessments for quarantine pests 27
4. Pest risk assessments for quarantine pests 27
4.1. Quarantine pests for pest risk assessment 27
4.1. Quarantine pests for pest risk assessment 27
4.2. Mango pulp weevil – Sternochetus frigidus [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] 28
4.2. Mango pulp weevil – Sternochetus frigidus [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] 28
4.3. Mango seed weevil – Sternochetus mangiferae [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] 35
4.3. Mango seed weevil – Sternochetus mangiferae [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] 35
4.4 Fruit flies [Diptera: Tephritidae] – mangoes as a preferred host 42
4.4 Fruit flies [Diptera: Tephritidae] – mangoes as a preferred host 42
4.5. Fruit flies [Diptera: Tephritidae] – mangoes as a non–preferred host 49
4.5. Fruit flies [Diptera: Tephritidae] – mangoes as a non–preferred host 49
4.6. Armoured scales [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] 49
4.6. Armoured scales [Hemiptera: Diaspididae] 49
4.7. Mealybugs [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] 56
4.7. Mealybugs [Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae] 56
4.8. Cocoa tussock moth – Orgyia postica [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae] 63
4.8. Cocoa tussock moth – Orgyia postica [Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae] 63
4.9. Red-banded mango caterpillar – Deanolis sublimbalis [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] 64
4.9. Red-banded mango caterpillar – Deanolis sublimbalis [Lepidoptera: Pyralidae] 64
4.10. Mango thrips – Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus [Thysanoptera: Thripidae] 70
4.10. Mango thrips – Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus [Thysanoptera: Thripidae] 70
4.11. Mango malformation – Fusarium mangiferae 71
4.11. Mango malformation – Fusarium mangiferae 71
4.12. Mango scab – Elsinoë mangiferae 78
4.12. Mango scab – Elsinoë mangiferae 78
4.13. Risk assessment conclusion 78
4.13. Risk assessment conclusion 78
5. Pest risk management 81
5. Pest risk management 81
5.1. Risk management measures 81
5.1. Risk management measures 81
5.2. Review of policy 86
5.2. Review of policy 86
6. Conclusion 87
6. Conclusion 87
87