Exam Review Modified True/False

____ 1. The combustion of 10 g of glucose in oxygen gives the same amount of energy compared to the metabolism of 10 g of glucose by human muscle cells under aerobic conditions. ______________________________

____ 2. The organelle that is unique to eukaryotic photoautotrophs is the chromoplast. _________________________

____ 3. A photosystem contains chlorophyll molecules, accessory pigments, and proteins embedded in a thylakoid membrane. _________________________

____ 4. CAM plants have the same amount of photorespiration as C₃ plants. _________________________

____ 5. Microsatellites often consist of numerous repeats of short sequences of base pairs. _________________________

____ 6. During the polymerase chain reaction, RNA primers are used that are complementary to part of the DNA to be copied. These primers act as starting points for Taq polymerase, which builds the new DNA strands in the 5'–3' direction. ______________________________

____ 7. It is important to select a restriction nutrient that does not cut in the plasmid's origin of replication, otherwise the plasmid will fail to replicate properly. _________________________

____ 8. You have a DNA sequence three thousand base pairs long, which you are going to cut using a particular restriction endonuclease. The longer the recognition site of this enzyme, the more fragments you would expect after digestion. _____________________________________________

____ 9. Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of their size. _________________________

____ 10. During gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments migrate through the gel at a rate that is inversely proportional to the logarithm of their size. _________________________________________

____ 11. If only a small or degraded sample of DNA is available, PCR analysis is used because it has the capacity to amplify the genetic material available. ___________________________________

____ 12. Some animals sun themselves or retreat to shade as a way of regulating their body temperature. ______________________________

____ 13. An increase in body temperature is detected by sensors in the brain. The brain sends a nerve message to the hypothalamus. ______________________________

____ 14. A cross section of the kidney shows an outer layer called the medulla, an inner layer called the cortex, and a hollow chamber called the renal pelvis. ____________________________________________________________

____ 15. Adaptations are any characteristics that allow an organism to reproduce more successfully. _________________________

____ 16. The wing of a bat, the arm of a man, and the flipper of a whale all have a similar number of bones and a similar structure. This is considered to be an example of parallel adaptation. _________________________

____ 17. A species is a group of individuals that are reproductively compatible with each other but not with individuals from other groups. _________________________

____ 18. Australian marsupials show similar body plans to placental mammals. These are examples of homology. ______________________________

____ 19. Darwin’s finches have a similar body plan, but increasingly different traits. These are examples of adaptive radiation. _________________________

____ 20. The maximum number of organisms that can be sustained by available resources over a given period of time is known as the ecological load. ______________________________

____ 21. Barnacles are small crustaceans often found attached to whales. The barnacles are filter feeders and do not appear to harm the whales in any way. This relationship can best be classified as commensalism. _________________________

____ 22. A protist lives in the gut of a termite, digesting cellulose that the termite cannot. This allows the termite to use these nutrients. If the protist is removed, both the protist and termite will die. This is an example of obligatory mutualism. _________________________

____ 23. An agricultural lifestyle allows for less population growth than for a hunter-gatherer lifestyle. _________________________

____ 24. The dispersion pattern of the world's human population can best be described as random. _________________________

____ 25. The majority of wild plants that are suitable for domestication are distributed uniformly around the globe. ______________________________

____ 26. Which of the following is the essential characteristic of a polar molecule?

____ 31. When a molecule of glycerol reacts with one or more fatty acids an ester linkage results. The formation of this linkage is a result of a reaction between

____ 32. When two organic molecules are joined together and a water molecule is removed, the reaction is called which of the following?

____ 33. The hydrolysis (breakdown) of an ester results in

____ 34. The hydrolysis (breakdown) of a dipeptide results in the production of which of the following?

____ 35. The extremely large diversity of structure seen in proteins is mainly due to

R-CHO + H₂O + NAD⁺  R-COOH + NADH + H⁺

____ 38. During photosynthesis, water molecules are split according to the following reaction:

H₂O + NADP⁺  NADPH + H⁺ + O₂

In the reaction, which substance undergoes reduction?

____ 40. The activity of an enzyme can be altered by changing the pH of its surroundings slightly. This change in pH works by

____ 44. Which of the following is not an application of enzymes for commercial or industrial use?

____ 45. During aerobic cellular respiration, which of the following is the most common type of reaction to take place in the cell?

I. acetyl-CoA

II. carbon dioxide

III. glucose

IV. glyceraldehyde

V. pyruvate

Which of the following sequences represents the above molecules in order from the largest to the smallest amount of chemical energy?

a.	II, I, V, IV, III	d.	III, I, V, IV, II
b.	III, IV, V, I, II	e.	IV, III, II, I, V
c.	III, IV, I, V, II

____ 47. What is the name of the process in which energy is released in a cell in the presence of sufficient oxygen?

____ 48. Proteins are to ribosomes as ATP is to which of the following cell organelles?

____ 49. During aerobic cellular respiration, which of the following molecules activates Krebs cycle?

____ 50. Anaerobic respiration is less efficient than aerobic respiration for which of the following reasons?

____ 52. Anaerobic and aerobic respiration are similar in all but one of the following ways. Which one is the exception?

____ 54. Ethanol fermentation at a brewery is most likely limited by

____ 55. When photosynthetic membranes are stacked in a chloroplast they are called which of the following?

____ 56. In an investigation of the pigments in the leaves of a particular plant, one spot moved 8.0 cm from the origin, while the solvent front moved 10.0 cm. What would the R_f value of the pigment be?

____ 57. A high R_f value in paper chromatography implies that the solute

____ 61. Electrons released as a result of photolysis

____ 62. Photon energy, captured by chlorophyll a, is transferred as chemical energy to

____ 63. Photophosphorylation involves which of the following?

I. it can take place during the fixation of carbon

II. it involves NADP

III. it occurs in the thylakoid of the chloroplast

IV. oxygen gas is produced

V. in involves at least one carbon-containing compound

____ 65. When photosynthesis occurs, the oxygen that is released comes from

____ 66. Which of the following is/are characteristics of CAM plants?

I. special leaf anatomy

II. stomata open at night

III. more likely to occur at lower temperatures.

IV. pineapples

V. pyruvate kinase

a.	I, II and III	d.	I, III, V
b.	I and III	e.	none of the above
c.	II and IV

____ 67. Temporal separation refers to