Evaluation of yield and physicochemical properties of some lupin (Lupinus sp.) mutants induced by gamma radiation Aahmed, A. Alya., Nasr, E. Hb., Shaheen, A. Mb and Essam, M., Sallamb
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* % on dry weight basis Effect of radiation mutation on the amino acids profile of lupin seeds meals. Protein is an essential component of the diet needed for survival of animals and humans and its basic function in nutrition is to supply adequate amounts of needed amino acids. The protein quality also known as the nutritional or nutritive value of a food, depends on its amino acid content among other factors (Friedman, 1996) The amino acid profile of meals separated from control and mutants lupin seeds meal were analyzed by high performance amino acid analyzer technique and the obtained results are presented in Table (3) Control lupin seeds meal in Giza 1 contained 145.8 mg amino acids /g sample among them 52.2 mg essential amino acids (EAA) which consisted of 6.2 threonine, 4.6 isoleucine, 9.0 leucine, 7.2 tyrosine, 7.6 phenylalanine, 7.6 lysine, 5.2 valline and 4.8 histidine but the methionine was not detected in control sample and leucine amino acid was the major EAA as it found to be 9.0 mg/g sample, followed by lysine, phenylalanine and tyrosine, where they recording 7.6 ,7.6 and 7.2 mg/g sample, respectively. These results agreed with those obtained by El-Adawy et al. (2001), Martı et al., (2006), Elena Pastor et al., (2009 ), Lqari, et al., (2011), Stephanie Bader, et al., ( 2011 ) and Gustavo et al., (2012) . Table (3): Effect of radiation mutation on the amino acids composition of lupin seed meals.
Also, it could be noticed that lupin seeds meal contained in (Giza 1) was 93.6 mg non essential amino acids (NEAA) which represented by 8 amino acids among them aspartic, Serine, glutamic, prolin, Glycine , Alanine , Cystine, and arginine which were found to be 11.8, 6.4, 17.6, 27.8, 6.2, 5.6, 1.8 and 16.4 mg /g sample, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest NEAA content was the prolin amino acid in lupin seeds meal. These results particullary agreed with those obtained by Mubarak, (2005), Lisiewska , (2007), Mortuza (2009) and Javier, et al. (2012). From the same Table (3) show that control lupin seeds meal in Giza 2 contained 110.2 mg amino acids /g sample among them 54.6 mg essential amino acids (EAA) which consisted of 4.0 threonine, 5.2 isoleucine, 9.6 leucine, 8.0 tyrosine, 8.6 phenylalanine, 7.6 lysine, 5.0 histidine and 6.6 valline but the methionine was not detected in control sample and leucine amino acid was the major EAA as it found to be 9.6 mg/g sample, followed by phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine and valline, where they recording 8.6, 8.0, 7.6, and 6.6 mg/g sample, respectively. Also, it could be noticed that lupin seeds meal contained in (Giza 2) was 55.6 mg non essential amino acids (NEAA) which represented by 8 amino acids among them aspartic, Serine, glutamic, prolin, Glycine , Alanine , Cystine and arginine which were found to be 10.2 , 3.6, 5.2 , 6.4, 6.4, 6.4, 1.6, and 15.8 mg /g sample, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest NEAA content was the arginine amino acid in lupin seeds meal. These results particularly agreed with those obtained by Mubarak, (2005), On the other hand, radiation mutation in Giza 1 decreased the amount of total EAA in all mutant sample except of radiation mutation Mut.1 in Giza 1 and radiation mutation Mut.3 and Mut.4 in Giza 2 as compared with control sample. Moreover, the results presented that radiation mutation in Giza 1 decreased the amount of NEAA in all mutant sample except of prolin in Mut.1, 3. While alanine decreased in Mut.1, 2. On the other hand, the same data showed that radiation mutation in Giza 2 induced some changes in total NEAA as well as the individual amino acids (Glutamic and prolin) increased in all mutant samples than the control , while Glycine alanine, cystine, and Arginine were induced some little changes with increasing or decreasing in all mutant lupin seeds samples, but Serine was increased in Mut.1 and Mut.3 sample compared with control
The results in Table (4) indicated that the emulsion capacity of lupin were 23 and 22 ml. oil / g. for samples of Giza1 and Giza2 varieties respectively, It is obvious from the same Table (4) the highest values of emulsion capacity of lupin mutations observed in mutation4 of Giza2 (27 ml. oil / g) followed mutation 3 of lupin Giza1 (26 ml. oil / g) and the lower value of emulsion capacity noticed in mutation3 of lupin Giza2 (16 ml. oil / g).The emulsion stability of lupin increased by increasing the time of leaving stable, it increased from 0 to 7.0, 9.0, 12, 16, 17.5 and 17.5 ml. H2O after 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min., for Giza1 lupin. While Giza2 lupin increased from 0 to 2.5, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0 and 3.0 ml. H20 after the same time. Moreover, the mutation caused a slight change in the quantity of the separated water, where it reached to 8.0, 8.0, 2.0 and 5.5 ml. H20 after 30 min. for mutations (Mut.1, Mut.2, Mut.3 and Mut.4) of lupin Giza1, while mutations (Mut.1, Mut2, Mut.3 and Mut.4) of lupin Giza1 reached to 3.0, 4, 3.5 and 3.0, respectively. Table (4): Effect of radiation mutation on the emulsion capacity and stability of lupin seed meals.
Effect of radiation mutation on the Foaming capacity and stability of lupin seed meals: The results in Table (5) showed the foam capacity percentages of lupin (Giza1 &Giza2) and mutations of their varieties. It is obvious from the same table that foam capacity slightly changes due to the mutations, it retarded to 9.09%, 10.72%, 7.41%, 10.72% and 12.28% for control, Mut.1, Mut.2, Mut.3 and Mut.4 of Giza1 lupin, respectively, while control, Mut.1, Mut.2, Mut.3 and Mut.4 of Giza2 lupin were 10.72%, 18.03%, 7.41%, 9.09% and 7.41%, respectively. Foam stability of lupin (Giza1 & Giza2) and mutations of their varieties. Foam stability decreased by increasing leaving stable time, it decreased from 55, 56, 54, 56 and 57 ml. at zero time to 50, 54, 53, 55 and 55 ml. after 120 min. for control, Mut.1, Mut.2, Mut.3 and Mut.4 of Giza1, respectively, moreover foam stability of lupin Giza2 decreased from 56, 61, 54, and 55 ml at zero time to 54, 60, 53 and 54 ml. after 120 min. for control, Mut.1, Mut.2 and Mut.3 of Giza2, respectively, while foam stability of Mut.4 had no any changes. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||