EurBee board Dorothea Brückner, Germany Norberto Milani, Italy Robert Paxton, Great Britain Dalibor Titěra, Czech Republic Bernard Vaissiere, France Program consultant
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SupplementsPesticide transport with nectar and pollen loads following treatments in different blooming cultivations Pistorius, J. and K.Wallner Universität Hohenheim, Landesanstalt für Bienenkunde D-70593 Stuttgart/ GAB Biotechnologie GmbH, 75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, E-mail: jenspistorius©gmx.de Moulds, bacteria and insects appearing also during blooming phases of rape, pome and stone fruits are treated with pesticide applications during the blooming phase. Only non toxic preparations are tolerated for this purpose. Such applications don’t have visible effects on the foraging behaviour of bees. The pesticides are collected together with nectar and pollen. and are transported into the beehive. By means of tent tests with three different plants (Phacelia tanacetifolia, Borago officinalis, Sinapis alba), a field study with Brassica napus var. napus and laboratory studies, the individual transport of three pesticides (Vinclozoline, Boscalid alpha-Cypermethrin) in the honey sac and pollen loads of returning forager bees was determined. After the application measurable residues in the collected nectar and pollen were found over a period of several days. High levels of the fungicides in the range of ppb up to ppm were found during the trials in the different cultures. The amounts carried by single foragers in nectar and pollen showed strong variation for the total amounts and the proportion of the three substances. The pattern of contamination and degradation of pesticides varies in pollen and nectar of different plants. Knowing the amounts of pesticides transported into the beehive, the exposure of forger bees, hive bees and bee brood to the active ingredient can be calculated. These experiments make data available for further in vitro studies or feeding tests.
Free University of Berlin, Institute of Biology, Neurobiology, Königin-Luise-Str. 28/30, 14195 Berlin The transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) is required for the switch from short-term to long-term synaptic plasticity and from short-term to long-term memory. It is believed to mediate this switch by inducing gene expression that underlies the formation of long-term synaptic plasticity and long-term memory. We analyze the role of CREB in memory consolidation of the honeybee. We first identified one gene in the honeybee genome that encodes members of the CREB/ CREM family of transcription factors. It encodes at least eight splice variants, AmCREB 1-8. The analysis of this gene hints towards a translational regulation of its expression. Accordingly we tested if this regulation is critical for the formation of a long-term memory. Hence we characterized a commercially available CREB antibody which we used to quantify the amount of AmCREB and studied the amount of AmCREB after learning in an appetitive olfactory learning paradigm. Relationship between botanical origin of bee pollen and antioxidants vitamins K.C.L.S. Oliveira, M. Morya, R.A.B. Azedo, E.W. Teixeira, M.L.T.M.F. Alves, A .C.C.C. Moreti c, L.B. Almeida-Muradian University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, E-mail: ligiabi@usp.br Bee-collected pollen is highly consumed around the world due its nutritive and therapeutic value. It contains proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals and vitamins of B-complex, C, D, E and carotenoids. However, there is few data on literature regarding vitamin content nutritional and its relation with the botanical origin. The aim of this study is to quantify vitamin C, E and beta-carotene (provitamin A) in fresh samples of bee pollen and correlating them with the botanical origin. Ten samples of fresh bee pollen were collected, five in April and five in October of 2005 in Pindamonhangaba city, São Paulo State, Brazil. Vitamin C was quantified by potentiometric titration, vitamin E by HPLC-normal phase and beta-carotene by open column chromatography. Palynological analyses were performed according Erdtman procedure. Vitamin content in fresh samples varied between 13.5 and 42.5 ug/g for vitamin E; 56.3 and 198.9 (ug/g) for beta-carotene and 273.9 and 560.3 ug/g for vitamin C. It was also concluded that the botanical origin and collecting season influenced the vitamin contents. Significant differences in relation to the botanical origin of the collected bee pollen had occurred between the months of April and October. It can be observed a relationship between the vitamins and its botanical origin as follows: high content of beta-carotene was related with the presence of Raphanus sp, Macroptilium sp and Mimosa caesalpineafolia; vitamin E was related with the presence of Raphanus sp, Eucalyptus sp, Macroptilium sp and Mimosa caesalpineafolia ; vitamin C was related with Anadenanthera sp, Arecaceae type and Philodendron sp.
Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty, Biometry and Genetics, 06110, Dışkapı-Ankara / TURKEY; E-mail of the corresponding Author: ozdil©agri.ankara.edu.tr, maliyildiz©hotmail.com The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 175 honeybee colonies from 16 different regions in Turkey was characterized by DraI restriction fragment length polymorphism of the COI-COII intergenic region, HincII and HinfI restriction profile of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene, BglII restriction profile of cytochrome oxidase b (cytob) gene, EcoRI restriction profile of large subunit of ribosomal RNA (lsrRNA) and XbaI restriction profile of inter COI–COII region within the COI gene. BglII digestion in Cytob gene, EcoRI digestion in lsrRNA and XbaI digestion in inter COI–COII region within the COI gene was present in Turkish honeybees. On the other hand HincII and HinfI digestions were absent in Turkish honeybees. In the COI-COII intergenic region, DraI digestion revealed 3 restrictions that gave 420, 64, 49 and 41 bp. fragment size that may be a new haplotype in the C1 pattern of the Mediterranean lineage.
Ankara University, Agricultural Faculty, Biometry and Genetics, 06110, Dışkapı-Ankara / TURKEY; E-mail of the corresponding Author: ozdil©agri.ankara.edu.tr, maliyildiz©hotmail.com The aim of this research is to determine the genetic structure of honey bee populations based on RAPD markers to find out genetic resemblance and/or differences between honey bee populations in Turkey. A hundred colonies were sampled from 10 different locations. A total of 149 amplified bands were scored from the 20 RAPD primers, with a mean of 6.9 amplified polymorphic bands per primer, and 92.6% (138 bands) polymorphic bands were found. The results indicate that the level of genetic diversity of subpopulations was very high. The mean effective number of alleles per locus (ne) was 1.568, the average heterozygosity (H) was 0.331, the mean expected gene diversity (hj) was 0.235, Shannon\'s index of phenotypic diversity (Ho) was 0.493 and the proportion of polymorphic loci (ppoly) was 92.62. High genetic differentiation was found among subpopulations with genetic distances (D=0.0716-0.2283) and the average coefficient of population differentiation (RST=0.2889). The average coefficient of population differentiation revealed that 71.11% of total genetic diversity (KT=0.3299) was within subpopulations (KS=0.2346). On the other hand gene flow (Nm=1.2301) was very low. The phylogenetic tree (UPGMA) suggested that the 10 populations were divided into three notable clusters and these clusters indicated that there was no geographical bias to the clustering. Authors index
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